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756 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Robert Griesemer
b67443459a spec: clarify prose for embedded struct fields
The spec says that an embedded field must be specified
as a type name (or a pointer to a type name). This is
explicit in the prose and the FieldDecl syntax.

However, the prose on promoted methods required a named
type (originally the term used for a "defined type").
Before the introduction of alias types, type names could
only refer to named/defined types, so the prose was ok.

With the introduction of alias types in Go 1.9, we
distinguished between defined types (i.e., types given
a name through a type declaration) and type aliases
(types given an alternative name), and retired the notion
of a named type since any type with a name (alias type
and defined type) could be considered a "named type".

To make things worse, with Go 1.18 we re-introduced the
notion of a named type which now includes predeclared
types, defined types, type parameters (and with that
type aliases denoting named types).

In the process some of the wording on method promotion
didn't get updated correctly. At attempt to fix this
was made with CL 406054, but while that CL's description
correctly explained the intent, the CL changed the prose
from "defined type" to "named type" (which had the new
meaning after Go 1.18), and thus did not fix the issue.

This CL fixes that fix by using the term "type name".
This makes the prose consistent for embedded types and
in turn clarifies that methods of embedded alias types
(defined or not) can be promoted, consistent with the
implementation.

While at it, also document that the type of an embedded
field cannot be a type parameter. This restriction has
been in place since the introduction of type parameters
with Go 1.18 and is enforced by the compiler.

Fixes #66540.
For #41687.

Change-Id: If9e6a03d7b84d24a3e6a5ceda1d46bda99bdf1f4
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/603958
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
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Reviewed-by: Alan Donovan <adonovan@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Axel Wagner <axel.wagner.hh@googlemail.com>
2024-08-12 18:45:57 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
adc5b559db spec: adjust for-range prose to include iterator functions where missing
Also add a missing table entry to the language versions section in the
appendix.

Fixes #67977.

Change-Id: I1f98abbbcc34a4ff31f390752635435eaf6120b8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/592595
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2024-06-13 20:48:21 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
8219848c94 spec: allow range-over-func to omit iteration variables
For #65236.

Change-Id: I5a11811cc52467ea4446db29c3f86b119f9b2409
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/592295
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@google.com>
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2024-06-13 15:47:54 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
1724c26142 spec: better examples for range-over-func
For #65237.

Change-Id: Id38747efebd46633f453eadaf68d818064faa778
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/590396
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2024-06-04 21:07:21 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
535f81e74e spec: document for range loop over functions
For #61405.
Fixes #65237.

Change-Id: Ia7820c0ef089c828ea7ed3d2802c5185c945290e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/589397
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2024-06-04 15:28:33 +00:00
Olivier Mengué
344075d936 spec: clarify when range expression is evaluated
Clarify that the range expression of a "for" loop is called *just* once to
rule out that it might be re-evaluated after each iteration.

Change-Id: Iedb61cd29e5238ac0168b8ac01c34d6208cc4312
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/582775
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2024-05-02 22:43:51 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
5419f652b6 spec: clarify prose for range over numeric range expressions
Fixes #66967.

Change-Id: I7b9d62dcb83bad60b2ce74e2e2bf1a36c6a8ae38
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/581256
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2024-04-26 00:39:16 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
db5f2b4153 spec: clarify when a range expression is evaluated
If the range expression is a numeric constant, the
range expression is also not evaluated.

Change-Id: I97201e5c136d3d1a87ed1500b19b7199b30bc9ff
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/581298
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2024-04-25 01:05:15 +00:00
Joe Tsai
1843464f01 all: consistently use "IEEE 754" over "IEEE-754"
There is no hyphen between the organization and the number.

For example, https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/754/6210/
shows the string "IEEE 754-2019" and not "IEEE-754-2019".

This assists in searching for "IEEE 754" in documentation
and not missing those using "IEEE-754".

Change-Id: I9a50ede807984ff1e2f17390bc1039f6a5d162e5
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/575438
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2024-04-11 20:22:45 +00:00
cui fliter
e39480f4fb doc: close HTML tags
Add unclosed HTML tags and remove redundant </a> tags.

Change-Id: I3fffbcfd640001c9cc4f6085150344daa0c4369b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/568155
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2024-03-04 15:54:42 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
77c9188471 spec: fix typo in year (it's 2024 now)
While at it, set the date to the Go 1.22 release date.

Change-Id: I03872626e500433eb63786d24c67810c8c6289f4
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/562337
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2024-02-07 17:18:54 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
41d6687084 spec: clarify iteration variable type for range over integer
Also: report language version (plus date) in spec header.

Fixes #65137.

Change-Id: I4f1d220d5922c40a36264df2d0a7bb7cd0756bac
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/557596
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2024-01-30 23:08:51 +00:00
Jes Cok
1ae729e6d3 doc: s/adjustements/adjustments
Change-Id: I904b1adee13c63bc7d47d4325b794c1a650eb18d
GitHub-Last-Rev: 8eced8db56
GitHub-Pull-Request: golang/go#64969
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2024-01-05 23:38:32 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
988b718f41 doc: fix typo in example in spec
Follow-up on CL 551095.

For #56010.

Change-Id: I8913d6ca96c419c81683e88c6286b05ae1323416
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/552915
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2023-12-27 15:34:01 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
26ba75fe59 doc: document new iteration variable semantics in spec
For #56010.

Change-Id: Icca987a03d80587dd0e901f596ff7788584893ed
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/551095
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2023-12-27 00:15:34 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
1dddd83c49 doc: document version at which new language features were introduced in spec
Add a new section to the Appendix describing what features were
changed or added in which language version.

Add short links with references to the required language version
where relevant.

Fixes #63857.

Change-Id: I5250f856d8688a71602076fcc662aa678d96a5d2
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/549518
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2023-12-27 00:14:09 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
a2a2c5b947 doc: update unsafe.Pointer rule in spec
The valid conversions consider the core types of operands, not just
their underlying type.

This also explains the valid arguments for unsafe.Slice which are
explained in terms of unsafe.Pointer conversions.

unsafe.SliceData simply refers to "slice argument" and we use
similar terminology elsewhere in the spec to denote values that
have a core type of slice (or any other type for that matter).
Leaving alone for now.

Fixes #64452.

Change-Id: I0eed3abbc0606f22358835e5d434f026fe0909c8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/551379
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2023-12-20 02:18:50 +00:00
Alan Donovan
5686b650cc doc/go_spec.html: rename golang.org to go.dev
Fixes #64513

Change-Id: I45d6a4ba2170308260f3b8f7965affc9948f3fcf
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/547476
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2023-12-05 20:45:10 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
e5ef484691 spec: document range over integer expression
This CL is partly based on CL 510535.

For #61405.

Change-Id: Ic94f6726f9eb34313f11bec7b651921d7e5c18d4
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/538859
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2023-11-02 03:57:56 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
aa05674b1d spec: explain eval order of binary operator examples with comments
Fixes #63525.

Change-Id: Ie9aa4dd47c025cd593e576c6e8de1774e1d1e302
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/535775
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2023-10-17 15:06:48 +00:00
Matthew Dempsky
856cf23a8a spec: specify evaluation order for binary logical operations
This CL clarifies the order of evaluation of the binary logical
operators, && and ||. The clarified semantics matches what cmd/compile
and x/tools/go/ssa already implement, and prohibit some optimizations
that are arguably allowed today but risk surprising users.

First, it specifies that the left operand is evaluated before the
right operand. This prohibits "(f() || true) && *p" from evaluating
"*p" before "f()".

Second, it specifies that binary logical operations are also ordered
lexically left-to-right with regard to function calls and receive
operations. This prohibits "h(*p || true || f(), g())" from evaluating
"*p" after "g()".

Finally, the "order of evaluation of [...] is not specified" wording
in the example is clarified to acknowledge that there are still some
other orderings that are implied lexically; e.g., x must be evaluated
and indexed before g(), and z now must be evaluated before h(). (Note:
Whether z is evaluated before or after f() remains unspecified, as
there's no lexical dependency.)

Change-Id: I9d316a7f1fbc83be663e116380a2cc7a4ace623d
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/522938
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2023-09-14 05:14:44 +00:00
Matthew Dempsky
ba6fe5172d spec: clarify that []byte("") must be non-nil
The example text below suggests that []byte("") always evaluates to
the non-nil value []byte{}, but the text proper doesn't explicitly
require that. This CL makes it clear that it must not evaluate to
[]byte(nil), which otherwise was allowed by the wording.

Change-Id: I6564bfd5e2fd0c820d9b55d17406221ff93ce80c
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/521035
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2023-08-21 23:20:08 +00:00
Ian Lance Taylor
ce16086345 spec: correct type parameter name used in example
Change-Id: I40595a3f598483d029473af465c756f8777ecc91
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/520915
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2023-08-18 20:44:48 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
ab3332eea9 spec: fix unification rule for inexact interface unification
Irrespective of whether unification is exact or inexact, method
signatures of interfaces must always match exactly: a type never
satisfies/implements an interface if relevant method signatures
are different (i.e., not identical, possibly after substitution).

This change matches the fix https://go.dev/cl/519435.

For #61879.

Change-Id: I28b0a32d32626d85afd32e107efce141235a923d
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/519455
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2023-08-17 22:56:50 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
976a84b1ff spec: remove unnecessary sentence
Change-Id: I06345199ff16c80be83c345d734caef1714ec089
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/515338
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2023-08-03 18:56:31 +00:00
cui fliter
3c25d832af doc: fix html tags
Change-Id: I535bec2de8f4f7dd415896a020d71c373c22be56
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2023-08-03 14:43:29 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
03bec7dc6f spec: add Appendix with detailed type unification rules
Change-Id: I0d4ccbc396c48d565c0cbe93c9558ab330a44d02
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2023-07-31 16:39:02 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
7fed33815c spec: update section on type unification for Go 1.21
This leaves the specific unification details out in favor
of a (forthcoming) section in an appendix.

Change-Id: If984c48bdf71c278e1a2759f9a18c51ef58df999
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/507417
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2023-07-26 00:02:26 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
3bb51a6805 spec: fix a couple of minor mistakes in type inference section
Change-Id: I9cdb301163b67add39928c8fc7df2b7f3893f45e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/511836
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2023-07-21 16:52:52 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
a04a665a92 spec: update section on type inference for Go 1.21
The new section describes type inference as the problem
of solving a set of type equations for bound type parameters.

The next CL will update the section on unification to match
the new inference approach.

Change-Id: I2cb49bfb588ccc82d645343034096a82b7d602e2
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/503920
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2023-07-20 23:09:32 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
cd6c4e0557 spec: clarify prose in rule for clear built-in
Per feedback on #56351.

For #56351.

Change-Id: I63dd1713a1efe4d7180d932dbd8e1510cbb32e90
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/510935
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2023-07-18 23:43:01 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
01b649b7ef spec: explain in which situations function type arguments can be omitted
Change-Id: I9f008dba7ba6e30f0e62647482a3ed0b51bc1ad0
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/502997
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2023-06-14 17:00:00 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
17dcbd8662 spec: de-emphasize string(int) conversions
Fixes #60731.

Change-Id: I71fad1c8385b13d036bb0ce7ae6bd21e0f596e51
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/502657
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2023-06-13 17:41:11 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
ee5af6103d spec: document new program initialization process
For #57411.

Change-Id: I94982d939d16ad17174f801cc167cc10ddc8da30
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/501696
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2023-06-13 17:40:15 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
72b08dbaf3 spec: add temporary note to type inference section
The section on type inference has not been updated yet for Go 1.21.
Add a temporary note so that readers referred to this section from
the release notes are not confused.

Change-Id: Idc4c74d6d700f891c625289e873ad5aa9c2c5213
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/501308
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2023-06-07 22:14:14 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
1aaf1b219a spec: clarify min/max rules for numeric arguments (exclude NaNs)
Fixes #60570.

Change-Id: I7ef834731ea26ceee5ec9b7438fdd8323aaf828e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/500416
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2023-06-06 21:23:09 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
f9d114d0e8 spec: document min and max built-ins
For #59488.

Change-Id: I50f65216bf02b42c1e0619702833f4a6dbed8925
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/498136
Reviewed-by: Rob Pike <r@golang.org>
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2023-05-25 21:09:38 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
15a4e0d970 spec: re-order built-ins sections alphabetically (more or less)
Put the sections for the various built-ins into alphabetical order
based on the built-in name, while keeping built-ins that belong
together together.

The order is now (captialized letter determines order):

- Append
- Clear
- Close
- Complex, real, imag
- Delete
- Len, cap
- Make
- Min, max (to be inserted here)
- New
- Panic, recover
- Print, println

There are some white space adjustments but no changes to the prose
of the moved sections.

Change-Id: Iaec509918c6bc965df3f28656374de03279bdc9e
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/498135
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2023-05-24 22:24:59 +00:00
Daniel Frederick Crisman
e7b04a3e16 doc: correct spelling on placeholder
"placeholder" (no space) is already used in the spec and seems to be
the preferred option.

Removed space from "place holder".

Change-Id: I9b98f62f0e3f5adb019b99f5271cc9d19abf505e
GitHub-Last-Rev: ed5aaf9d02
GitHub-Pull-Request: golang/go#59626
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/484576
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2023-04-13 23:15:09 +00:00
Daniel Frederick Crisman
6e8eec7328 doc: add missing oxford comma in Constants
In the language specification under "Constants" the lists matching default
types to untyped contstant types is missing an Oxford comma in the first
list. I found a number of other places in the spec and #23442 that use the
Oxford comma to support its use.

Add missing Oxford comma in Constants default type list.

Change-Id: I4562d692610334bc82452db076145d2414617a04
GitHub-Last-Rev: 8acdb60d6e
GitHub-Pull-Request: golang/go#59528
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2023-04-11 17:02:02 +00:00
cui fliter
df6d442c38 doc: fix "are" to "or" in core types
Fixes #59506

Change-Id: I2f8b92e93b706b061ca0eb0bd52e5cf798ce9ede
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/483358
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2023-04-11 01:45:40 +00:00
Cuong Manh Le
99bc53f5e8 doc: add clear builtin to spec
Fixes #56351

Change-Id: Ia87bf594553b7d0464b591106840f849571c5f39
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/467755
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2023-02-20 02:28:50 +00:00
Cuong Manh Le
2baf8ad831 doc: do not use "==" in slice examples
There's no slice comparison in Go.

Change-Id: I5de1766c2adeb56ed12a577a4c46c12b2582b1c8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/469015
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2023-02-19 23:51:51 +00:00
Cuong Manh Le
135c470b22 doc: add missing builtin functions not permitted in statement context
The typechecker already enforces this semantic, but the spec is not
updated when unsafe.{SliceData,String,StringData} were added.

Change-Id: I4ee8c564d5681b2a5fd31ff424a31bdf065d9f3b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/467756
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2023-02-16 19:49:55 +00:00
Oleksandr Redko
f63ee8b2c7 doc: fix spec typo
Change-Id: I5e3aca2b8fc78f38c9e2cdc67adf86d57ac85b1c
GitHub-Last-Rev: 0e5ddffe33
GitHub-Pull-Request: golang/go#58353
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2023-02-07 23:37:57 +00:00
Russ Cox
aa51c40b1c runtime: replace panic(nil) with panic(new(runtime.PanicNilError))
Long ago we decided that panic(nil) was too unlikely to bother
making a special case for purposes of recover. Unfortunately,
it has turned out not to be a special case. There are many examples
of code in the Go ecosystem where an author has written panic(nil)
because they want to panic and don't care about the panic value.

Using panic(nil) in this case has the unfortunate behavior of
making recover behave as though the goroutine isn't panicking.
As a result, code like:

	func f() {
		defer func() {
			if err := recover(); err != nil {
				log.Fatalf("panicked! %v", err)
			}
		}()
		call1()
		call2()
	}

looks like it guarantees that call2 has been run any time f returns,
but that turns out not to be strictly true. If call1 does panic(nil),
then f returns "successfully", having recovered the panic, but
without calling call2.

Instead you have to write something like:

	func f() {
		done := false
		defer func() {
			if err := recover(); !done {
				log.Fatalf("panicked! %v", err)
			}
		}()
		call1()
		call2()
		done = true
	}

which defeats nearly the whole point of recover. No one does this,
with the result that almost all uses of recover are subtly broken.

One specific broken use along these lines is in net/http, which
recovers from panics in handlers and sends back an HTTP error.
Users discovered in the early days of Go that panic(nil) was a
convenient way to jump out of a handler up to the serving loop
without sending back an HTTP error. This was a bug, not a feature.
Go 1.8 added panic(http.ErrAbortHandler) as a better way to access the feature.
Any lingering code that uses panic(nil) to abort an HTTP handler
without a failure message should be changed to use http.ErrAbortHandler.

Programs that need the old, unintended behavior from net/http
or other packages can set GODEBUG=panicnil=1 to stop the run-time error.

Uses of recover that want to detect panic(nil) in new programs
can check for recover returning a value of type *runtime.PanicNilError.

Because the new GODEBUG is used inside the runtime, we can't
import internal/godebug, so there is some new machinery to
cross-connect those in this CL, to allow a mutable GODEBUG setting.
That won't be necessary if we add any other mutable GODEBUG settings
in the future. The CL also corrects the handling of defaulted GODEBUG
values in the runtime, for #56986.

Fixes #25448.

Change-Id: I2b39c7e83e4f7aa308777dabf2edae54773e03f5
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/461956
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2023-01-19 22:21:50 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
357ea85892 spec: fix typo
Fixes #57323.

Change-Id: I77d3d747aa4746bb9a8cca0c0500ff8fa6ae33a3
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/457915
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2022-12-15 16:18:42 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
ea14d1b6e1 spec: document which recursive arrays and structs are valid/invalid
Fixes #5069.

Change-Id: I4bc0f52a9cd1e64a49846dffeb4be5cbecc29a96
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/457342
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2022-12-14 22:29:38 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
5c682f94c6 spec: document illegal recursive type parameter lists
Fixes #40882.

Change-Id: I90f99d75e6d66f857b6ab8789c6d436f85d20993
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2022-12-14 19:13:24 +00:00
Robert Griesemer
bd42aa86d3 spec: describe new semantics for comparable and constraint satisfaction
For #56548.
Fixes #57012.

Change-Id: I44f850522e52b1811025fb31bcef289da8f8089d
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/457437
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2022-12-14 19:13:10 +00:00