Consider this code:
func f(*int)
func g() {
p := new(int)
f(p)
}
where f is an assembly function.
In general liveness analysis assumes that during the call to f, p is dead
in this frame. If f has retained p, p will be found alive in f's frame and keep
the new(int) from being garbage collected. This is all correct and works.
We use the Go func declaration for f to give the assembly function
liveness information (the arguments are assumed live for the entire call).
Now consider this code:
func h1() {
p := new(int)
syscall.Syscall(1, 2, 3, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(p)))
}
Here syscall.Syscall is taking the place of f, but because its arguments
are uintptr, the liveness analysis and the garbage collector ignore them.
Since p is no longer live in h once the call starts, if the garbage collector
scans the stack while the system call is blocked, it will find no reference
to the new(int) and reclaim it. If the kernel is going to write to *p once
the call finishes, reclaiming the memory is a mistake.
We can't change the arguments or the liveness information for
syscall.Syscall itself, both for compatibility and because sometimes the
arguments really are integers, and the garbage collector will get quite upset
if it finds an integer where it expects a pointer. The problem is that
these arguments are fundamentally untyped.
The solution we have taken in the syscall package's wrappers in past
releases is to insert a call to a dummy function named "use", to make
it look like the argument is live during the call to syscall.Syscall:
func h2() {
p := new(int)
syscall.Syscall(1, 2, 3, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(p)))
use(unsafe.Pointer(p))
}
Keeping p alive during the call means that if the garbage collector
scans the stack during the system call now, it will find the reference to p.
Unfortunately, this approach is not available to users outside syscall,
because 'use' is unexported, and people also have to realize they need
to use it and do so. There is much existing code using syscall.Syscall
without a 'use'-like function. That code will fail very occasionally in
mysterious ways (see #13372).
This CL fixes all that existing code by making the compiler do the right
thing automatically, without any code modifications. That is, it takes h1
above, which is incorrect code today, and makes it correct code.
Specifically, if the compiler sees a foreign func definition (one
without a body) that has uintptr arguments, it marks those arguments
as "unsafe uintptrs". If it later sees the function being called
with uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(x)) as an argument, it arranges to mark x
as having escaped, and it makes sure to hold x in a live temporary
variable until the call returns, so that the garbage collector cannot
reclaim whatever heap memory x points to.
For now I am leaving the explicit calls to use in package syscall,
but they can be removed early in a future cycle (likely Go 1.7).
The rule has no effect on escape analysis, only on liveness analysis.
Fixes#13372.
Change-Id: I2addb83f70d08db08c64d394f9d06ff0a063c500
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/18584
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Saying "Power 64" was wrong for reasons I don't remember.
(Those reasons are why we stopped using GOARCH=power64.)
Change-Id: Ifaac78d5733bfc780df01b1a66da766af0b17726
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/13675
Reviewed-by: Rob Pike <r@golang.org>
Also make the spelling consistent in asm.html
Change-Id: Ifa751eee288fe0634cd317eb827f3e408b199620
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/12501
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Still to do: ARM64 and PPC64. These architectures are woefully underdocumented.
Change-Id: Iedcf767a7e0e1c931812351940bc08f0c3821212
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/12110
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
The architecture-specific details will be updated and expanded in
a subsequent CL (or series thereof).
Update #10096
Change-Id: I59c6be1fcc123fe8626ce2130e6ffe71152c87af
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/11954
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
e.g. ·Name instead of package·Name for automatic stack map to
be applied from its Go prototype.
The underlying reason is that liblink look up name with suffix
".args_stackmap" for the stackmap coming from its Go prototype,
but all the Go functions are named "".Name as this stage. Thus
an assembly function named package·Name will never find its
stackmap, which is named "".package.Name.args_stackmap.
Perhaps cmd/vet should give a warning for this.
Change-Id: I10d154a73ec969d574d20af877f747424350fbd1
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/2588
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
The file is used by assembly code to define symbols like NOSPLIT.
Having it hidden inside the cmd directory makes it hard to access
outside the standard repository.
Solution: As with a couple of other files used by cgo, copy the
file into the pkg directory and add a -I argument to the assembler
to access it. Thus one can write just
#include "textflag.h"
in .s files.
The names in runtime are not updated because in the boot sequence the
file has not been copied yet when runtime is built. All other .s files
in the repository are updated.
Changes to doc/asm.html, src/cmd/dist/build.c, and src/cmd/go/build.go
are hand-made. The rest are just the renaming done by a global
substitution. (Yay sam).
LGTM=rsc
R=rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/128050043
The runtime has historically held two dedicated values g (current goroutine)
and m (current thread) in 'extern register' slots (TLS on x86, real registers
backed by TLS on ARM).
This CL removes the extern register m; code now uses g->m.
On ARM, this frees up the register that formerly held m (R9).
This is important for NaCl, because NaCl ARM code cannot use R9 at all.
The Go 1 macrobenchmarks (those with per-op times >= 10 µs) are unaffected:
BenchmarkBinaryTree17 5491374955 5471024381 -0.37%
BenchmarkFannkuch11 4357101311 4275174828 -1.88%
BenchmarkGobDecode 11029957 11364184 +3.03%
BenchmarkGobEncode 6852205 6784822 -0.98%
BenchmarkGzip 650795967 650152275 -0.10%
BenchmarkGunzip 140962363 141041670 +0.06%
BenchmarkHTTPClientServer 71581 73081 +2.10%
BenchmarkJSONEncode 31928079 31913356 -0.05%
BenchmarkJSONDecode 117470065 113689916 -3.22%
BenchmarkMandelbrot200 6008923 5998712 -0.17%
BenchmarkGoParse 6310917 6327487 +0.26%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchMedium_1K 114568 114763 +0.17%
BenchmarkRegexpMatchHard_1K 168977 169244 +0.16%
BenchmarkRevcomp 935294971 914060918 -2.27%
BenchmarkTemplate 145917123 148186096 +1.55%
Minux previous reported larger variations, but these were caused by
run-to-run noise, not repeatable slowdowns.
Actual code changes by Minux.
I only did the docs and the benchmarking.
LGTM=dvyukov, iant, minux
R=minux, josharian, iant, dave, bradfitz, dvyukov
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/109050043
Also make it clear this is not a complete description of all features.
Fixes#7790.
LGTM=bradfitz
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/88300044
