runtime: discard SIGPROF delivered to non-Go threads.

Signal handlers are global resources but many language
environments (Go, C++ at Google, etc) assume they have sole
ownership of a particular handler.  Signal handlers in
mixed-language applications must therefore be robust against
unexpected delivery of certain signals, such as SIGPROF.

The default Go signal handler runtime·sigtramp assumes that it
will never be called on a non-Go thread, but this assumption
is violated by when linking in C++ code that spawns threads.
Specifically, the handler asserts the thread has an associated
"m" (Go scheduler).

This CL is a very simple workaround: discard SIGPROF delivered to non-Go threads.  runtime.badsignal(int32) now receives the signal number; if it returns without panicking (e.g. sig==SIGPROF) the signal is discarded.

I don't think there is any really satisfactory solution to the
problem of signal-based profiling in a mixed-language
application.  It's not only the issue of handler clobbering,
but also that a C++ SIGPROF handler called in a Go thread
can't unwind the Go stack (and vice versa).  The best we can
hope for is not crashing.

Note:
- I've ported this to all POSIX platforms, except ARM-linux which already ignores unexpected signals on m-less threads.
- I've avoided tail-calling runtime.badsignal because AFAICT the 6a/6l don't support it.
- I've avoided hoisting 'push sig' (common to both function calls) because it makes the code harder to read.
- Fixed an (apparently incorrect?) docstring.

R=iant, rsc, minux.ma
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6498057

src/pkg/runtime/signal_linux_amd64.c

@@ -135,6 +135,8 @@ runtime·setsig(int32 i, void (*fn)(int32, Siginfo*, void*, G*), bool restart)
 	if(restart)
 		sa.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART;
 	sa.sa_mask = ~0ULL;
+	// TODO(adonovan): Linux manpage says "sa_restorer element is
+	// obsolete and should not be used".  Avoid it here, and test.
 	sa.sa_restorer = (void*)runtime·sigreturn;
 	if(fn == runtime·sighandler)
 		fn = (void*)runtime·sigtramp;

src/pkg/runtime/sys_darwin_386.s

@@ -213,8 +213,8 @@ TEXT runtime·sigaction(SB),7,$0
 // It is called with the following arguments on the stack:
 //	0(FP)	"return address" - ignored
 //	4(FP)	actual handler
-//	8(FP)	siginfo style - ignored
-//	12(FP)	signal number
+//	8(FP)	signal number
+//	12(FP)	siginfo style
 //	16(FP)	siginfo
 //	20(FP)	context
 TEXT runtime·sigtramp(SB),7,$40
@@ -223,8 +223,11 @@ TEXT runtime·sigtramp(SB),7,$40
 	// check that m exists
 	MOVL	m(CX), BP
 	CMPL	BP, $0
-	JNE	2(PC)
+	JNE	5(PC)
+	MOVL	sig+8(FP), BX
+	MOVL	BX, 0(SP)
 	CALL	runtime·badsignal(SB)
+	RET
 
 	// save g
 	MOVL	g(CX), DI

src/pkg/runtime/sys_darwin_amd64.s

@@ -173,8 +173,10 @@ TEXT runtime·sigtramp(SB),7,$64
 	// check that m exists
 	MOVQ	m(BX), BP
 	CMPQ	BP, $0
-	JNE	2(PC)
+	JNE	4(PC)
+	MOVL	DX, 0(SP)
 	CALL	runtime·badsignal(SB)
+	RET
 
 	// save g
 	MOVQ	g(BX), R10

src/pkg/runtime/sys_freebsd_386.s

@@ -162,8 +162,11 @@ TEXT runtime·sigtramp(SB),7,$44
 	// check that m exists
 	MOVL	m(CX), BX
 	CMPL	BX, $0
-	JNE	2(PC)
+	JNE	5(PC)
+	MOVL	signo+0(FP), BX
+	MOVL	BX, 0(SP)
 	CALL	runtime·badsignal(SB)
+	RET
 
 	// save g
 	MOVL	g(CX), DI

src/pkg/runtime/sys_freebsd_amd64.s

@@ -138,8 +138,10 @@ TEXT runtime·sigtramp(SB),7,$64
 	// check that m exists
 	MOVQ	m(BX), BP
 	CMPQ	BP, $0
-	JNE	2(PC)
+	JNE	4(PC)
+	MOVQ	DI, 0(SP)
 	CALL	runtime·badsignal(SB)
+	RET
 
 	// save g
 	MOVQ	g(BX), R10

src/pkg/runtime/sys_linux_386.s

@@ -170,8 +170,11 @@ TEXT runtime·sigtramp(SB),7,$44
 	// check that m exists
 	MOVL	m(CX), BX
 	CMPL	BX, $0
-	JNE	2(PC)
+	JNE	5(PC)
+	MOVL	sig+0(FP), BX
+	MOVL	BX, 0(SP)
 	CALL	runtime·badsignal(SB)
+	RET
 
 	// save g
 	MOVL	g(CX), DI

src/pkg/runtime/sys_linux_amd64.s

@@ -157,8 +157,10 @@ TEXT runtime·sigtramp(SB),7,$64
 	// check that m exists
 	MOVQ	m(BX), BP
 	CMPQ	BP, $0
-	JNE	2(PC)
+	JNE	4(PC)
+	MOVQ	DI, 0(SP)
 	CALL	runtime·badsignal(SB)
+	RET
 
 	// save g
 	MOVQ	g(BX), R10

src/pkg/runtime/sys_linux_arm.s

@@ -296,7 +296,8 @@ TEXT runtime·sigaltstack(SB),7,$0
 TEXT runtime·sigtramp(SB),7,$24
 	// this might be called in external code context,
 	// where g and m are not set.
-	// first save R0, becuase cgo_load_gm will clobber it
+	// first save R0, because cgo_load_gm will clobber it
+	// TODO(adonovan): call runtime·badsignal if m=0, like other platforms?
 	MOVW	R0, 4(R13)
 	MOVW	cgo_load_gm(SB), R0
 	CMP 	$0, R0

src/pkg/runtime/sys_netbsd_386.s

@@ -178,8 +178,11 @@ TEXT runtime·sigtramp(SB),7,$44
 	// check that m exists
 	MOVL	m(CX), BX
 	CMPL	BX, $0
-	JNE	2(PC)
+	JNE	5(PC)
+	MOVL	signo+0(FP), BX
+	MOVL	BX, 0(SP)      
 	CALL	runtime·badsignal(SB)
+	RET
 
 	// save g
 	MOVL	g(CX), DI

src/pkg/runtime/sys_netbsd_amd64.s

@@ -196,8 +196,10 @@ TEXT runtime·sigtramp(SB),7,$64
 	// check that m exists
 	MOVQ	m(BX), BP
 	CMPQ	BP, $0
-	JNE	2(PC)
+	JNE	4(PC)
+	MOVQ	DI, 0(SP)
 	CALL	runtime·badsignal(SB)
+	RET
 
 	// save g
 	MOVQ	g(BX), R10

src/pkg/runtime/sys_openbsd_386.s

@@ -151,8 +151,11 @@ TEXT runtime·sigtramp(SB),7,$44
 	// check that m exists
 	MOVL	m(CX), BX
 	CMPL	BX, $0
-	JNE	2(PC)
+	JNE	5(PC)
+	MOVL	signo+0(FP), BX
+	MOVL	BX, 0(SP)
 	CALL	runtime·badsignal(SB)
+	RET
 
 	// save g
 	MOVL	g(CX), DI

src/pkg/runtime/sys_openbsd_amd64.s

@@ -187,8 +187,10 @@ TEXT runtime·sigtramp(SB),7,$64
 	// check that m exists
 	MOVQ	m(BX), BP
 	CMPQ	BP, $0
-	JNE	2(PC)
+	JNE	4(PC)
+	MOVQ	DI, 0(SP)
 	CALL	runtime·badsignal(SB)
+	RET
 
 	// save g
 	MOVQ	g(BX), R10

src/pkg/runtime/thread_darwin.c

@@ -502,7 +502,11 @@ static int8 badsignal[] = "runtime: signal received on thread not created by Go.
 // This runs on a foreign stack, without an m or a g.  No stack split.
 #pragma textflag 7
 void
-runtime·badsignal(void)
+runtime·badsignal(int32 sig)
 {
+	if (sig == SIGPROF) {
+		return;  // Ignore SIGPROFs intended for a non-Go thread.
+	}
 	runtime·write(2, badsignal, sizeof badsignal - 1);
+	runtime·exit(1);
 }

src/pkg/runtime/thread_freebsd.c

@@ -211,7 +211,11 @@ static int8 badsignal[] = "runtime: signal received on thread not created by Go.
 // This runs on a foreign stack, without an m or a g.  No stack split.
 #pragma textflag 7
 void
-runtime·badsignal(void)
+runtime·badsignal(int32 sig)
 {
+	if (sig == SIGPROF) {
+		return;  // Ignore SIGPROFs intended for a non-Go thread.
+	}
 	runtime·write(2, badsignal, sizeof badsignal - 1);
+	runtime·exit(1);
 }

src/pkg/runtime/thread_linux.c

@@ -261,7 +261,11 @@ static int8 badsignal[] = "runtime: signal received on thread not created by Go.
 // This runs on a foreign stack, without an m or a g.  No stack split.
 #pragma textflag 7
 void
-runtime·badsignal(void)
+runtime·badsignal(int32 sig)
 {
+	if (sig == SIGPROF) {
+		return;  // Ignore SIGPROFs intended for a non-Go thread.
+	}
 	runtime·write(2, badsignal, sizeof badsignal - 1);
+	runtime·exit(1);
 }

src/pkg/runtime/thread_netbsd.c

@@ -261,7 +261,11 @@ static int8 badsignal[] = "runtime: signal received on thread not created by Go.
 // This runs on a foreign stack, without an m or a g.  No stack split.
 #pragma textflag 7
 void
-runtime·badsignal(void)
+runtime·badsignal(int32 sig)
 {
+	if (sig == SIGPROF) {
+		return;  // Ignore SIGPROFs intended for a non-Go thread.
+	}
 	runtime·write(2, badsignal, sizeof badsignal - 1);
+	runtime·exit(1);
 }

src/pkg/runtime/thread_openbsd.c

@@ -234,7 +234,11 @@ static int8 badsignal[] = "runtime: signal received on thread not created by Go.
 // This runs on a foreign stack, without an m or a g.  No stack split.
 #pragma textflag 7
 void
-runtime·badsignal(void)
+runtime·badsignal(int32 sig)
 {
+	if (sig == SIGPROF) {
+		return;  // Ignore SIGPROFs intended for a non-Go thread.
+	}
 	runtime·write(2, badsignal, sizeof badsignal - 1);
+	runtime.exit(1)
 }

src/pkg/runtime/thread_plan9.c

@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ static int8 badsignal[] = "runtime: signal received on thread not created by Go.
 // This runs on a foreign stack, without an m or a g.  No stack split.
 #pragma textflag 7
 void
-runtime·badsignal(void)
+runtime·badsignal(int32 sig)
 {
 	runtime·pwrite(2, badsignal, sizeof badsignal - 1, -1LL);
 }