go/src/cmd/cgo/main.go

// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// Cgo; see gmp.go for an overview.

// TODO(rsc):
//	Emit correct line number annotations.
//	Make 6g understand the annotations.

package main

import (
	"crypto/md5"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"go/ast"
	"go/printer"
	"go/token"
	"io"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"reflect"
	"runtime"
	"sort"
	"strings"
)

// A Package collects information about the package we're going to write.
type Package struct {
	PackageName string // name of package
	PackagePath string
	PtrSize     int64
	IntSize     int64
	GccOptions  []string
	CgoFlags    map[string]string // #cgo flags (CFLAGS, LDFLAGS)
	Written     map[string]bool
	Name        map[string]*Name // accumulated Name from Files
	ExpFunc     []*ExpFunc       // accumulated ExpFunc from Files
	Decl        []ast.Decl
	GoFiles     []string // list of Go files
	GccFiles    []string // list of gcc output files
	Preamble    string   // collected preamble for _cgo_export.h
}

// A File collects information about a single Go input file.
type File struct {
	AST      *ast.File           // parsed AST
	Comments []*ast.CommentGroup // comments from file
	Package  string              // Package name
	Preamble string              // C preamble (doc comment on import "C")
	Ref      []*Ref              // all references to C.xxx in AST
	ExpFunc  []*ExpFunc          // exported functions for this file
	Name     map[string]*Name    // map from Go name to Name
}

func nameKeys(m map[string]*Name) []string {
	var ks []string
	for k := range m {
		ks = append(ks, k)
	}
	sort.Strings(ks)
	return ks
}

// A Ref refers to an expression of the form C.xxx in the AST.
type Ref struct {
	Name    *Name
	Expr    *ast.Expr
	Context string // "type", "expr", "call", or "call2"
}

func (r *Ref) Pos() token.Pos {
	return (*r.Expr).Pos()
}

// A Name collects information about C.xxx.
type Name struct {
	Go       string // name used in Go referring to package C
	Mangle   string // name used in generated Go
	C        string // name used in C
	Define   string // #define expansion
	Kind     string // "const", "type", "var", "func", "not-type"
	Type     *Type  // the type of xxx
	FuncType *FuncType
	AddError bool
	Const    string // constant definition
}

// A ExpFunc is an exported function, callable from C.
// Such functions are identified in the Go input file
// by doc comments containing the line //export ExpName
type ExpFunc struct {
	Func    *ast.FuncDecl
	ExpName string // name to use from C
}

// A TypeRepr contains the string representation of a type.
type TypeRepr struct {
	Repr       string
	FormatArgs []interface{}
}

// A Type collects information about a type in both the C and Go worlds.
type Type struct {
	Size       int64
	Align      int64
	C          *TypeRepr
	Go         ast.Expr
	EnumValues map[string]int64
	Typedef    string
}

// A FuncType collects information about a function type in both the C and Go worlds.
type FuncType struct {
	Params []*Type
	Result *Type
	Go     *ast.FuncType
}

func usage() {
	fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "usage: cgo -- [compiler options] file.go ...\n")
	flag.PrintDefaults()
	os.Exit(2)
}

var ptrSizeMap = map[string]int64{
	"386":   4,
	"amd64": 8,
	"arm":   4,
}

var intSizeMap = map[string]int64{
	"386":   4,
	"amd64": 4,
	"arm":   4,
}

var cPrefix string

var fset = token.NewFileSet()

var dynobj = flag.String("dynimport", "", "if non-empty, print dynamic import data for that file")
var dynout = flag.String("dynout", "", "write -dynobj output to this file")

// These flags are for bootstrapping a new Go implementation,
// to generate Go and C headers that match the data layout and
// constant values used in the host's C libraries and system calls.
var godefs = flag.Bool("godefs", false, "for bootstrap: write Go definitions for C file to standard output")
var cdefs = flag.Bool("cdefs", false, "for bootstrap: write C definitions for C file to standard output")
var objDir = flag.String("objdir", "", "object directory")

var gccgo = flag.Bool("gccgo", false, "generate files for use with gccgo")
var gccgoprefix = flag.String("gccgoprefix", "", "-fgo-prefix option used with gccgo")
var gccgopkgpath = flag.String("gccgopkgpath", "", "-fgo-pkgpath option used with gccgo")
var importRuntimeCgo = flag.Bool("import_runtime_cgo", true, "import runtime/cgo in generated code")
var importSyscall = flag.Bool("import_syscall", true, "import syscall in generated code")
var goarch, goos string

func main() {
	flag.Usage = usage
	flag.Parse()

	if *dynobj != "" {
		// cgo -dynimport is essentially a separate helper command
		// built into the cgo binary.  It scans a gcc-produced executable
		// and dumps information about the imported symbols and the
		// imported libraries.  The 'go build' rules for cgo prepare an
		// appropriate executable and then use its import information
		// instead of needing to make the linkers duplicate all the
		// specialized knowledge gcc has about where to look for imported
		// symbols and which ones to use.
		dynimport(*dynobj)
		return
	}

	if *godefs && *cdefs {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "cgo: cannot use -cdefs and -godefs together\n")
		os.Exit(2)
	}

	if *godefs || *cdefs {
		// Generating definitions pulled from header files,
		// to be checked into Go repositories.
		// Line numbers are just noise.
		conf.Mode &^= printer.SourcePos
	}

	args := flag.Args()
	if len(args) < 1 {
		usage()
	}

	// Find first arg that looks like a go file and assume everything before
	// that are options to pass to gcc.
	var i int
	for i = len(args); i > 0; i-- {
		if !strings.HasSuffix(args[i-1], ".go") {
			break
		}
	}
	if i == len(args) {
		usage()
	}

	goFiles := args[i:]

	p := newPackage(args[:i])

	// Need a unique prefix for the global C symbols that
	// we use to coordinate between gcc and ourselves.
	// We already put _cgo_ at the beginning, so the main
	// concern is other cgo wrappers for the same functions.
	// Use the beginning of the md5 of the input to disambiguate.
	h := md5.New()
	for _, input := range goFiles {
		f, err := os.Open(input)
		if err != nil {
			fatalf("%s", err)
		}
		io.Copy(h, f)
		f.Close()
	}
	cPrefix = fmt.Sprintf("_%x", h.Sum(nil)[0:6])

	fs := make([]*File, len(goFiles))
	for i, input := range goFiles {
		// Parse flags for all files before translating due to CFLAGS.
		f := new(File)
		f.ReadGo(input)
		p.ParseFlags(f, input)
		fs[i] = f
	}

	if *objDir == "" {
		// make sure that _obj directory exists, so that we can write
		// all the output files there.
		os.Mkdir("_obj", 0777)
		*objDir = "_obj"
	}
	*objDir += string(filepath.Separator)

	for i, input := range goFiles {
		f := fs[i]
		p.Translate(f)
		for _, cref := range f.Ref {
			switch cref.Context {
			case "call", "call2":
				if cref.Name.Kind != "type" {
					break
				}
				*cref.Expr = cref.Name.Type.Go
			}
		}
		if nerrors > 0 {
			os.Exit(2)
		}
		pkg := f.Package
		if dir := os.Getenv("CGOPKGPATH"); dir != "" {
			pkg = filepath.Join(dir, pkg)
		}
		p.PackagePath = pkg
		p.Record(f)
		if *godefs {
			os.Stdout.WriteString(p.godefs(f, input))
		} else if *cdefs {
			os.Stdout.WriteString(p.cdefs(f, input))
		} else {
			p.writeOutput(f, input)
		}
	}

	if !*godefs && !*cdefs {
		p.writeDefs()
	}
	if nerrors > 0 {
		os.Exit(2)
	}
}

// newPackage returns a new Package that will invoke
// gcc with the additional arguments specified in args.
func newPackage(args []string) *Package {
	// Copy the gcc options to a new slice so the list
	// can grow without overwriting the slice that args is in.
	gccOptions := make([]string, len(args))
	copy(gccOptions, args)

	goarch = runtime.GOARCH
	if s := os.Getenv("GOARCH"); s != "" {
		goarch = s
	}
	goos = runtime.GOOS
	if s := os.Getenv("GOOS"); s != "" {
		goos = s
	}
	ptrSize := ptrSizeMap[goarch]
	if ptrSize == 0 {
		fatalf("unknown ptrSize for $GOARCH %q", goarch)
	}
	intSize := intSizeMap[goarch]
	if intSize == 0 {
		fatalf("unknown intSize for $GOARCH %q", goarch)
	}

	// Reset locale variables so gcc emits English errors [sic].
	os.Setenv("LANG", "en_US.UTF-8")
	os.Setenv("LC_ALL", "C")

	p := &Package{
		PtrSize:    ptrSize,
		IntSize:    intSize,
		GccOptions: gccOptions,
		CgoFlags:   make(map[string]string),
		Written:    make(map[string]bool),
	}
	return p
}

// Record what needs to be recorded about f.
func (p *Package) Record(f *File) {
	if p.PackageName == "" {
		p.PackageName = f.Package
	} else if p.PackageName != f.Package {
		error_(token.NoPos, "inconsistent package names: %s, %s", p.PackageName, f.Package)
	}

	if p.Name == nil {
		p.Name = f.Name
	} else {
		for k, v := range f.Name {
			if p.Name[k] == nil {
				p.Name[k] = v
			} else if !reflect.DeepEqual(p.Name[k], v) {
				error_(token.NoPos, "inconsistent definitions for C.%s", k)
			}
		}
	}

	if f.ExpFunc != nil {
		p.ExpFunc = append(p.ExpFunc, f.ExpFunc...)
		p.Preamble += "\n" + f.Preamble
	}
	p.Decl = append(p.Decl, f.AST.Decls...)
}