345 lines
13 KiB
HTML
345 lines
13 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
|
|
<html lang="en">
|
|
<HEAD>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
|
|
<TITLE>FAQ XPM</TITLE>
|
|
</HEAD>
|
|
|
|
<body>
|
|
<h1 align="center">The XPM<br>
|
|
Frequently Asked Questions</h1>
|
|
<p>
|
|
This article contains the answers to some Frequently Asked Questions about the
|
|
XPM format and/or library. If you don't find the answer to your problem here,
|
|
then you can mail either to lehors@sophia.inria.fr or to the mailing list
|
|
xpm-talk@sophia.inria.fr.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>Contents</h2>
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li><a href="#Q1">How do I convert my images to or from XPM ?</a>
|
|
<li><a href="#Q2">Why are my XPM files said to be invalid ?</a>
|
|
<li><a href="#Q3">Why does my program core dumps using XPM ?</a>
|
|
<li><a href="#Q4">Why does my program core dumps using XPM with a widget ?</a>
|
|
<li><a href="#Q5">How can I get a non rectangular icon using XPM ?</a>
|
|
<li><a href="#Q6">What exactly triggers the creation of a mask when using XPM ?</a>
|
|
<li><a href="#Q7">How should I use the mask ?</a>
|
|
<li><a href="#Q8">Is there a string to pixmap converter somewhere ?</a>
|
|
<li><a href="#Q9">How can I edit XPM icons ?</a>
|
|
<li><a href="#Q10">Is there a collection of icons somewhere ?</a>
|
|
<li><a href="#Q11">The documentation fails to print out. Why ?</a>
|
|
<li><a href="#copy">Copyright</a>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="Q1">1. How do I convert my images to or from XPM ?</a></h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Netpbm is surely the best image conversion package that I know of. It defines
|
|
formats for color, gray and monochrome images and provides a set of filters.
|
|
Thus a GIF image can be converted to XPM with something like:
|
|
<p>
|
|
$ giftoppm youricon.gif | ppmtoxpm > youricon.xpm
|
|
<p>
|
|
The latest release can be found at least from wuarchive.wustl.edu
|
|
(128.252.135.4), directory /graphics/graphics/packages/NetPBM
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="Q2">2. Why are my XPM files said to be invalid ?</a></h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
There are three official versions of the XPM format. The XPM library since
|
|
version 3.3 can read all them but writes out only XPM 3. Also the small
|
|
program called sxpm which is part of the XPM library package can be used to
|
|
automatically translate XPM 1 and 2 files to XPM 3 with a command such as:
|
|
<p>
|
|
$ sxpm -nod yourxpm1or2file -o yourxpm3file
|
|
<p>
|
|
Also, the XPM format defines "None" to be the color name meaning
|
|
"transparent", but IXI used to hack the XPM library in its early days to
|
|
handle transparency as "#Transparent". This makes IXI format not compatible
|
|
with the official XPM format, and so not readable neither by the official XPM
|
|
library nor any of the programs built on top of it.
|
|
<p>
|
|
The only solutions are either to stick on IXI programs which can deal with
|
|
their format or convert your files to the standard XPM format. This can be
|
|
done simply by changing "#Transparent" to "None".
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="Q3">3. Why does my program core dumps using XPM ?</a></h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Be sure the XpmAttributes structure you pass by reference has a valid
|
|
valuemask. You can give NULL instead if you don't want to use an
|
|
XpmAttributes but if you do, you MUST initialize its valuemask component to
|
|
some valid value, at least 0, otherwise unpredictable errors can occur.
|
|
<p>
|
|
So instead of doing something like:
|
|
<pre>
|
|
XpmAttributes attrib;
|
|
|
|
XpmReadFileToPixmap(dpy, d, filename, &pixmap, &mask, &attrib);
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<p>
|
|
you should do:
|
|
<pre>
|
|
XpmAttributes attrib;
|
|
|
|
attrib.valuemask = 0;
|
|
XpmReadFileToPixmap(dpy, d, filename, &pixmap, &mask, &attrib);
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="Q4">4. Why does my program core dumps using XPM with a widget ?</a></h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>First the XPM library is Xlib level, so don't pass your widget as a
|
|
Drawable parameter. A Drawable is either a Window or a Pixmap. The widget's
|
|
window can do the job but:
|
|
|
|
<li>Then a widget only gets a Window when realized, so passing XtWindow(widget)
|
|
with a not yet realized widget is wrong. Either realize you widget first or
|
|
use another window. Since the Drawable parameter is only used to specify
|
|
the screen to which the pixmap must be created on, most of the time the
|
|
default root window is just fine.
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="Q5">5. How can I get a non rectangular icon using XPM ?</a></h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The X Window System does not support transparent color. However there are
|
|
several ways you can use to get the same visual effect using XPM:
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>First you can use the None color to get a shape mask and use it as
|
|
explained below (question 7).
|
|
|
|
<li>Second you can define a symbolic color name such as "mask" in the XPM
|
|
format file, then use the color overriding mechanism to set this symbolic
|
|
color to the color of the underlying object. Note that in this case the XPM
|
|
library won't create a shape mask, and that if the color of the underlying
|
|
object is changed then you'll have to create a new pixmap.
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="Q6">6. What exactly triggers the creation of a mask when using XPM ?</a></h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Basically a mask is created if "None" is used as one of the color of the
|
|
pixmap. Be aware that this is not only true if it is used in the XPM of the
|
|
pixmap since the colors can be overridden at load time. So a mask is created
|
|
if the "None" color is used at load time, coming either from the XPM
|
|
definition or the color overriding.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="Q7">7. How should I use the mask ?</a></h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
There are basically two ways of using the mask:
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Use the mask as a shapemask with the X11 Nonrectangular Saphe Window
|
|
Extension. Typically this is what should be done when the icon is used in a
|
|
desktop.
|
|
|
|
<li>Use the mask as a clipmask in the GC you pass to XCopyArea when drawing the
|
|
pixmap. So the "transparent" pixels being not actually drawn will get the
|
|
underlying pixels colors.
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="Q8">8. Is there a string to pixmap converter for Motif ?</a></h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Yes, Motif 2.0 or later does support XPM pixmaps as well as XBM bitmaps.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="Q9">9. How can I edit XPM icons ?</a></h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
As listed below several editors either commercial or not are supporting the
|
|
XPM format. However, pixmap is the one I would recommend since it is freely
|
|
available and, being fully dedicated to XPM, it allows to edit all the
|
|
special things, such as the symbolic color names, which makes XPM different
|
|
from all the other image formats. Pixmap can always be found by ftp from
|
|
ftp.x.org (contrib) and avahi.inria.fr (pub/pixmap).
|
|
<p>
|
|
Last Update: 3 August 1994
|
|
<table border=1>
|
|
<caption>XPM Icon Editors</caption>
|
|
<tr><th>Program<th>Infos<th>Source/Author<th>Platforms<th>SA<th>XPM<th>cost
|
|
<tr><td>pixmap<td><ul>
|
|
<li><a href="ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/application/pixmap/pixmap2.6.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/application/pixmap/pixmap2.6.tar.gz</a>
|
|
<li>requires 3.4 or higher revision of Xpm lib.
|
|
<li>supports all XPM format features
|
|
<li>current version doesn't work on 24-plane displays
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>Lionel Mallet<td>source<td>yes<td>3<td>NC
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>pixt<td><ul>
|
|
<li><a href="ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/pixt.tar.Z">ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/pixt.tar.Z</a>
|
|
<li>doesn't work on 24-plane displays
|
|
<li>last updated November 1991
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>J. Michael Flanery<td>source<td>yes<td>1<td>NC
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>pixed<td><ul>
|
|
<li>part of X.desktop
|
|
<li>current version doesn't work on 24-plane displays
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>IXI<td>Many UNIX<td>no<td>3<td>N/A
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>olpixmap<td><ul>
|
|
<li>packaged with the OLIT (OpenLook) toolkit
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>USL<td>Sun, SVR4.2, UnixWare<td>no<td>1<td>N/A
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>xfedor<td><ul>
|
|
<li>only uses XLIB
|
|
<li>doesn't work on 24-plane displays
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>Daniel Dardailler<td>source<td>yes<td>3<td>NC
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>SCOpaint<td><ul>
|
|
<li>included with the ODT package
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>SCO/Wing Eng<td>ODT<td>yes<td>2.8<td>N/A
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>pme.icn<td><ul>
|
|
<li>written in the Icon language
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>Icon Project<td>source<td>yes<td>3<td>NC
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>PixEditT<td><ul>
|
|
<li>there is currently no support for editing the colormap
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>Free Widget Foundation<td>source<td>yes<td>3<td>NC
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>xscribble<td><ul>
|
|
<li>requires the FWF, 8-bit pseudocolor
|
|
<li><a href="ftp://ftp.cis.ufl.edu/pub/thoth">ftp://ftp.cis.ufl.edu/pub/thoth</a>
|
|
<li>Alpha version (last updated April 1993)
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>Robert Forsman<td>source<td>yes<td>?<td>NC
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>vueicon<td><ul>
|
|
<li>included with Vue3.0
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>Hewlett-Packard<td>HP<td>yes<td>3<td>N/A
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>iconedit V3<td> <td>SunSoft<td>Sparc/Sun3<td>yes<td>2<td>N/A
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>Pixmap Editor<td><ul>
|
|
<li>this is a Widget, not a complete program
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>ICS<td>?<td>yes<td>?<td>?
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>ezX<td> <td>Sunrise Softwarey<td>?<td>?<td>?<td>N/A
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>XPaint<td><ul>
|
|
<li>full featured, works on all displays
|
|
<li>current release is 2.1.1 (last update January 1994)
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>David Koblas<td>source<td>yes<td>3<td>NC
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>Phoenix<td><ul>
|
|
<li>full featured, 24-bit painting program, requires Motif.
|
|
<li><a href="ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/graphics/packages/phoenix">ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/graphics/packages/phoenix</a>
|
|
<li>Beta version (last updated September 1993)
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>ohtcolor@niksula.hut.fi<td>source<td>yes<td>3<td>NC
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>pixed<td><ul>
|
|
<li>pixed is part of the TeleUSE UIMS
|
|
<li>More info is available from service@ignite.alsys.com
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>Alsys<td>Many UNIX<td>yes<td>3<td>N/A
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>display<td><ul>
|
|
<li><a href="ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/application/ImageMagick/ImageMagick-3.2.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/application/ImageMagick/ImageMagick-3.2.tar.gz</a>
|
|
<li>lots of image conversion and manipulation features
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<td>John Cristy<td>source<td>yes<td>3<td>NC
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
SA - Stand Alone program<br>
|
|
NC - No Charge (i.e. free); most programs are copyrighted.<br>
|
|
XPM - XPM format supported<br>
|
|
source - built from source code; likely works on all standard X platforms<br>
|
|
N/A - icon editor is normally distributed with other software
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Send updates, additions, corrections, etc. to <a
|
|
href="mailto:dan@bristol.com">dan@bristol.com</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="Q10">10. Is there a collection of icons somewhere ?</a></h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
At least there is one freely available: Anthony's X Icon Library. You can
|
|
found it on several ftp servers, such as <a href="ftp://server.berkeley.edu/pub/AIcons">server.berkeley.edu/pub/AIcons</a>. It
|
|
contains only small icons (less than about 100x100 pixels in size) which are
|
|
stored in groups in a logical way. Color icons are stored in XPM format and
|
|
Black & White icons in XBM.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="Q11">11. The documentation fails to print out. Why ?</a></h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The PostScript documentation file is formatted for US letter paper. Frame
|
|
Maker tries very hard to ensure that you have the right paper and punts if
|
|
you don't. However, you can easily work around this problem by applying the
|
|
following patch. If for some reason applying the patch fails, you can still
|
|
do it by hand. Just locate the corresponding block in the PS file and remove
|
|
the lines with a leading '-' character.
|
|
By the way, this applies to any doc generated by Frame Maker. The
|
|
corresponding block might be slightly different depending on which version of
|
|
Frame Maker was used, but it is still easy to locate.
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
*** xpm.PS Wed Sep 11 15:47:43 1996
|
|
--- xpm-A4.PS Thu Nov 21 09:27:28 1996
|
|
***************
|
|
*** 647,668 ****
|
|
0 ne /edown exch def
|
|
/yscale exch def
|
|
/xscale exch def
|
|
- FMLevel1 {
|
|
- manualfeed {setmanualfeed} if
|
|
- /FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def
|
|
- /FMoptop count def
|
|
- setpapername
|
|
- manualfeed {true} {papersize} ifelse
|
|
- {manualpapersize} {false} ifelse
|
|
- {desperatepapersize} {false} ifelse
|
|
- { (Can't select requested paper size for Frame print job!) FMFAILURE } if
|
|
- count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for
|
|
- countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for
|
|
- }
|
|
- {{1 dict dup /PageSize [paperwidth paperheight]put setpagedevice}stopped
|
|
- { (Can't select requested paper size for Frame print job!) FMFAILURE } if
|
|
- {1 dict dup /ManualFeed manualfeed put setpagedevice } stopped pop }
|
|
- ifelse
|
|
|
|
FMPColor {
|
|
currentcolorscreen
|
|
--- 647,652 ----
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<h2><a name="copy">Copyright (C) 1989-95 GROUPE BULL</a></h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
|
|
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
|
|
deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
|
|
rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
|
|
sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
|
|
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
|
|
<p>
|
|
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
|
|
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
|
|
<p>
|
|
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
|
|
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
|
|
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
|
|
GROUPE BULL BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
|
|
AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
|
|
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
|
|
<p>
|
|
Except as contained in this notice, the name of GROUPE BULL shall not be
|
|
used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings
|
|
in this Software without prior written authorization from GROUPE BULL.
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|