645 lines
26 KiB
Plaintext
645 lines
26 KiB
Plaintext
fonts-conf
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Name
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fonts.conf -- Font configuration files
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Synopsis
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/etc/fonts/fonts.conf
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/etc/fonts/fonts.dtd
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/etc/fonts/conf.d
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~/.fonts.conf.d
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~/.fonts.conf
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Description
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Fontconfig is a library designed to provide system-wide font configuration,
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customization and application access.
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Functional Overview
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Fontconfig contains two essential modules, the configuration module which
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builds an internal configuration from XML files and the matching module which
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accepts font patterns and returns the nearest matching font.
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Font Configuration
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The configuration module consists of the FcConfig datatype, libexpat and
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FcConfigParse which walks over an XML tree and amends a configuration with data
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found within. From an external perspective, configuration of the library
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consists of generating a valid XML tree and feeding that to FcConfigParse. The
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only other mechanism provided to applications for changing the running
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configuration is to add fonts and directories to the list of
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application-provided font files.
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The intent is to make font configurations relatively static, and shared by as
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many applications as possible. It is hoped that this will lead to more stable
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font selection when passing names from one application to another. XML was
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chosen as a configuration file format because it provides a format which is
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easy for external agents to edit while retaining the correct structure and
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syntax.
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Font configuration is separate from font matching; applications needing to do
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their own matching can access the available fonts from the library and perform
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private matching. The intent is to permit applications to pick and choose
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appropriate functionality from the library instead of forcing them to choose
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between this library and a private configuration mechanism. The hope is that
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this will ensure that configuration of fonts for all applications can be
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centralized in one place. Centralizing font configuration will simplify and
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regularize font installation and customization.
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Font Properties
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While font patterns may contain essentially any properties, there are some well
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known properties with associated types. Fontconfig uses some of these
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properties for font matching and font completion. Others are provided as a
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convenience for the applications' rendering mechanism.
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Property Type Description
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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family String Font family names
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familylang String Languages corresponding to each family
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style String Font style. Overrides weight and slant
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stylelang String Languages corresponding to each style
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fullname String Font full names (often includes style)
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fullnamelang String Languages corresponding to each fullname
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slant Int Italic, oblique or roman
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weight Int Light, medium, demibold, bold or black
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size Double Point size
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width Int Condensed, normal or expanded
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aspect Double Stretches glyphs horizontally before hinting
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pixelsize Double Pixel size
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spacing Int Proportional, dual-width, monospace or charcell
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foundry String Font foundry name
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antialias Bool Whether glyphs can be antialiased
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hinting Bool Whether the rasterizer should use hinting
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hintstyle Int Automatic hinting style
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verticallayout Bool Use vertical layout
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autohint Bool Use autohinter instead of normal hinter
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globaladvance Bool Use font global advance data
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file String The filename holding the font
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index Int The index of the font within the file
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ftface FT_Face Use the specified FreeType face object
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rasterizer String Which rasterizer is in use
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outline Bool Whether the glyphs are outlines
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scalable Bool Whether glyphs can be scaled
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scale Double Scale factor for point->pixel conversions
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dpi Double Target dots per inch
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rgba Int unknown, rgb, bgr, vrgb, vbgr,
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none - subpixel geometry
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lcdfilter Int Type of LCD filter
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minspace Bool Eliminate leading from line spacing
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charset CharSet Unicode chars encoded by the font
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lang String List of RFC-3066-style languages this
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font supports
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fontversion Int Version number of the font
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capability String List of layout capabilities in the font
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embolden Bool Rasterizer should synthetically embolden the font
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Font Matching
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Fontconfig performs matching by measuring the distance from a provided pattern
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to all of the available fonts in the system. The closest matching font is
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selected. This ensures that a font will always be returned, but doesn't ensure
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that it is anything like the requested pattern.
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Font matching starts with an application constructed pattern. The desired
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attributes of the resulting font are collected together in a pattern. Each
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property of the pattern can contain one or more values; these are listed in
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priority order; matches earlier in the list are considered "closer" than
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matches later in the list.
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The initial pattern is modified by applying the list of editing instructions
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specific to patterns found in the configuration; each consists of a match
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predicate and a set of editing operations. They are executed in the order they
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appeared in the configuration. Each match causes the associated sequence of
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editing operations to be applied.
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After the pattern has been edited, a sequence of default substitutions are
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performed to canonicalize the set of available properties; this avoids the need
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for the lower layers to constantly provide default values for various font
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properties during rendering.
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The canonical font pattern is finally matched against all available fonts. The
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distance from the pattern to the font is measured for each of several
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properties: foundry, charset, family, lang, spacing, pixelsize, style, slant,
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weight, antialias, rasterizer and outline. This list is in priority order --
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results of comparing earlier elements of this list weigh more heavily than
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later elements.
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There is one special case to this rule; family names are split into two
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bindings; strong and weak. Strong family names are given greater precedence in
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the match than lang elements while weak family names are given lower precedence
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than lang elements. This permits the document language to drive font selection
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when any document specified font is unavailable.
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The pattern representing that font is augmented to include any properties found
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in the pattern but not found in the font itself; this permits the application
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to pass rendering instructions or any other data through the matching system.
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Finally, the list of editing instructions specific to fonts found in the
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configuration are applied to the pattern. This modified pattern is returned to
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the application.
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The return value contains sufficient information to locate and rasterize the
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font, including the file name, pixel size and other rendering data. As none of
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the information involved pertains to the FreeType library, applications are
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free to use any rasterization engine or even to take the identified font file
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and access it directly.
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The match/edit sequences in the configuration are performed in two passes
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because there are essentially two different operations necessary -- the first
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is to modify how fonts are selected; aliasing families and adding suitable
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defaults. The second is to modify how the selected fonts are rasterized. Those
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must apply to the selected font, not the original pattern as false matches will
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often occur.
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Font Names
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Fontconfig provides a textual representation for patterns that the library can
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both accept and generate. The representation is in three parts, first a list of
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family names, second a list of point sizes and finally a list of additional
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properties:
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<families>-<point sizes>:<name1>=<values1>:<name2>=<values2>...
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Values in a list are separated with commas. The name needn't include either
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families or point sizes; they can be elided. In addition, there are symbolic
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constants that simultaneously indicate both a name and a value. Here are some
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examples:
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Name Meaning
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----------------------------------------------------------
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Times-12 12 point Times Roman
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Times-12:bold 12 point Times Bold
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Courier:italic Courier Italic in the default size
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Monospace:matrix=1 .1 0 1 The users preferred monospace font
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with artificial obliquing
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The '\', '-', ':' and ',' characters in family names must be preceeded by a '\'
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character to avoid having them misinterpreted. Similarly, values containing '\
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', '=', '_', ':' and ',' must also have them preceeded by a '\' character. The
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'\' characters are stripped out of the family name and values as the font name
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is read.
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Debugging Applications
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To help diagnose font and applications problems, fontconfig is built with a
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large amount of internal debugging left enabled. It is controlled by means of
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the FC_DEBUG environment variable. The value of this variable is interpreted as
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a number, and each bit within that value controls different debugging messages.
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Name Value Meaning
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---------------------------------------------------------
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MATCH 1 Brief information about font matching
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MATCHV 2 Extensive font matching information
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EDIT 4 Monitor match/test/edit execution
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FONTSET 8 Track loading of font information at startup
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CACHE 16 Watch cache files being written
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CACHEV 32 Extensive cache file writing information
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PARSE 64 (no longer in use)
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SCAN 128 Watch font files being scanned to build caches
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SCANV 256 Verbose font file scanning information
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MEMORY 512 Monitor fontconfig memory usage
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CONFIG 1024 Monitor which config files are loaded
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LANGSET 2048 Dump char sets used to construct lang values
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OBJTYPES 4096 Display message when value typechecks fail
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Add the value of the desired debug levels together and assign that (in base 10)
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to the FC_DEBUG environment variable before running the application. Output
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from these statements is sent to stdout.
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Lang Tags
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Each font in the database contains a list of languages it supports. This is
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computed by comparing the Unicode coverage of the font with the orthography of
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each language. Languages are tagged using an RFC-3066 compatible naming and
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occur in two parts -- the ISO 639 language tag followed a hyphen and then by
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the ISO 3166 country code. The hyphen and country code may be elided.
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Fontconfig has orthographies for several languages built into the library. No
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provision has been made for adding new ones aside from rebuilding the library.
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It currently supports 122 of the 139 languages named in ISO 639-1, 141 of the
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languages with two-letter codes from ISO 639-2 and another 30 languages with
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only three-letter codes. Languages with both two and three letter codes are
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provided with only the two letter code.
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For languages used in multiple territories with radically different character
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sets, fontconfig includes per-territory orthographies. This includes
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Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Pashto, Tigrinya and Chinese.
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Configuration File Format
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Configuration files for fontconfig are stored in XML format; this format makes
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external configuration tools easier to write and ensures that they will
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generate syntactically correct configuration files. As XML files are plain
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text, they can also be manipulated by the expert user using a text editor.
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The fontconfig document type definition resides in the external entity
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"fonts.dtd"; this is normally stored in the default font configuration
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directory (/etc/fonts). Each configuration file should contain the following
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structure:
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
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<fontconfig>
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...
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</fontconfig>
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<fontconfig>
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This is the top level element for a font configuration and can contain <dir>,
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<cache>, <include>, <match> and <alias> elements in any order.
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<dir>
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This element contains a directory name which will be scanned for font files to
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include in the set of available fonts.
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<cache>
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This element contains a file name for the per-user cache of font information.
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If it starts with '~', it refers to a file in the users home directory. This
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file is used to hold information about fonts that isn't present in the
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per-directory cache files. It is automatically maintained by the fontconfig
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library. The default for this file is ``~/.fonts.cache-<version>'', where
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<version> is the font configuration file version number (currently 2).
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<include ignore_missing="no">
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This element contains the name of an additional configuration file or
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directory. If a directory, every file within that directory starting with an
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ASCII digit (U+0030 - U+0039) and ending with the string ``.conf'' will be
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processed in sorted order. When the XML datatype is traversed by FcConfigParse,
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the contents of the file(s) will also be incorporated into the configuration by
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passing the filename(s) to FcConfigLoadAndParse. If 'ignore_missing' is set to
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"yes" instead of the default "no", a missing file or directory will elicit no
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warning message from the library.
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<config>
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This element provides a place to consolidate additional configuration
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information. <config> can contain <blank> and <rescan> elements in any order.
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<blank>
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Fonts often include "broken" glyphs which appear in the encoding but are drawn
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as blanks on the screen. Within the <blank> element, place each Unicode
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characters which is supposed to be blank in an <int> element. Characters
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outside of this set which are drawn as blank will be elided from the set of
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characters supported by the font.
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<rescan>
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The <rescan> element holds an <int> element which indicates the default
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interval between automatic checks for font configuration changes. Fontconfig
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will validate all of the configuration files and directories and automatically
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rebuild the internal datastructures when this interval passes.
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<selectfont>
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This element is used to black/white list fonts from being listed or matched
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against. It holds acceptfont and rejectfont elements.
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<acceptfont>
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Fonts matched by an acceptfont element are "whitelisted"; such fonts are
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explicitly included in the set of fonts used to resolve list and match
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requests; including them in this list protects them from being "blacklisted" by
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a rejectfont element. Acceptfont elements include glob and pattern elements
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which are used to match fonts.
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<rejectfont>
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Fonts matched by an rejectfont element are "blacklisted"; such fonts are
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excluded from the set of fonts used to resolve list and match requests as if
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they didn't exist in the system. Rejectfont elements include glob and pattern
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elements which are used to match fonts.
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<glob>
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Glob elements hold shell-style filename matching patterns (including ? and *)
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which match fonts based on their complete pathnames. This can be used to
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exclude a set of directories (/usr/share/fonts/uglyfont*), or particular font
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file types (*.pcf.gz), but the latter mechanism relies rather heavily on
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filenaming conventions which can't be relied upon. Note that globs only apply
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to directories, not to individual fonts.
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<pattern>
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Pattern elements perform list-style matching on incoming fonts; that is, they
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hold a list of elements and associated values. If all of those elements have a
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matching value, then the pattern matches the font. This can be used to select
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fonts based on attributes of the font (scalable, bold, etc), which is a more
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reliable mechanism than using file extensions. Pattern elements include patelt
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elements.
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<patelt name="property">
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Patelt elements hold a single pattern element and list of values. They must
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have a 'name' attribute which indicates the pattern element name. Patelt
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elements include int, double, string, matrix, bool, charset and const elements.
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<match target="pattern">
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This element holds first a (possibly empty) list of <test> elements and then a
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(possibly empty) list of <edit> elements. Patterns which match all of the tests
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are subjected to all the edits. If 'target' is set to "font" instead of the
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default "pattern", then this element applies to the font name resulting from a
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match rather than a font pattern to be matched. If 'target' is set to "scan",
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then this element applies when the font is scanned to build the fontconfig
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database.
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<test qual="any" name="property" target="default" compare="eq">
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This element contains a single value which is compared with the target
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('pattern', 'font', 'scan' or 'default') property "property" (substitute any of
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the property names seen above). 'compare' can be one of "eq", "not_eq", "less",
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"less_eq", "more", or "more_eq". 'qual' may either be the default, "any", in
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which case the match succeeds if any value associated with the property matches
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the test value, or "all", in which case all of the values associated with the
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property must match the test value. When used in a <match target="font">
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element, the target= attribute in the <test> element selects between matching
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the original pattern or the font. "default" selects whichever target the outer
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<match> element has selected.
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<edit name="property" mode="assign" binding="weak">
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This element contains a list of expression elements (any of the value or
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operator elements). The expression elements are evaluated at run-time and
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modify the property "property". The modification depends on whether "property"
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was matched by one of the associated <test> elements, if so, the modification
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may affect the first matched value. Any values inserted into the property are
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given the indicated binding ("strong", "weak" or "same") with "same" binding
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using the value from the matched pattern element. 'mode' is one of:
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Mode With Match Without Match
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
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"assign" Replace matching value Replace all values
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"assign_replace" Replace all values Replace all values
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"prepend" Insert before matching Insert at head of list
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"prepend_first" Insert at head of list Insert at head of list
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"append" Append after matching Append at end of list
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"append_last" Append at end of list Append at end of list
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<int>, <double>, <string>, <bool>
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These elements hold a single value of the indicated type. <bool> elements hold
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either true or false. An important limitation exists in the parsing of floating
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point numbers -- fontconfig requires that the mantissa start with a digit, not
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a decimal point, so insert a leading zero for purely fractional values (e.g.
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use 0.5 instead of .5 and -0.5 instead of -.5).
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<matrix>
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This element holds the four <double> elements of an affine transformation.
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<name>
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Holds a property name. Evaluates to the first value from the property of the
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font, not the pattern.
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<const>
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Holds the name of a constant; these are always integers and serve as symbolic
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names for common font values:
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Constant Property Value
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-------------------------------------
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thin weight 0
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extralight weight 40
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ultralight weight 40
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light weight 50
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book weight 75
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regular weight 80
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normal weight 80
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medium weight 100
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demibold weight 180
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semibold weight 180
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bold weight 200
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extrabold weight 205
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black weight 210
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heavy weight 210
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roman slant 0
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italic slant 100
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oblique slant 110
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ultracondensed width 50
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extracondensed width 63
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condensed width 75
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semicondensed width 87
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normal width 100
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semiexpanded width 113
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expanded width 125
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extraexpanded width 150
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ultraexpanded width 200
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proportional spacing 0
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dual spacing 90
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mono spacing 100
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charcell spacing 110
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unknown rgba 0
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rgb rgba 1
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bgr rgba 2
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vrgb rgba 3
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vbgr rgba 4
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none rgba 5
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lcdnone lcdfilter 0
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lcddefault lcdfilter 1
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lcdlight lcdfilter 2
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lcdlegacy lcdfilter 3
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hintnone hintstyle 0
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hintslight hintstyle 1
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hintmedium hintstyle 2
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hintfull hintstyle 3
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<or>, <and>, <plus>, <minus>, <times>, <divide>
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These elements perform the specified operation on a list of expression
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elements. <or> and <and> are boolean, not bitwise.
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<eq>, <not_eq>, <less>, <less_eq>, <more>, <more_eq>
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These elements compare two values, producing a boolean result.
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<not>
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Inverts the boolean sense of its one expression element
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<if>
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This element takes three expression elements; if the value of the first is
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true, it produces the value of the second, otherwise it produces the value of
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the third.
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<alias>
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Alias elements provide a shorthand notation for the set of common match
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operations needed to substitute one font family for another. They contain a
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<family> element followed by optional <prefer>, <accept> and <default>
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elements. Fonts matching the <family> element are edited to prepend the list of
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<prefer>ed families before the matching <family>, append the <accept>able
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families after the matching <family> and append the <default> families to the
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end of the family list.
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<family>
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Holds a single font family name
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<prefer>, <accept>, <default>
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These hold a list of <family> elements to be used by the <alias> element.
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EXAMPLE CONFIGURATION FILE
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System configuration file
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This is an example of a system-wide configuration file
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
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<!-- /etc/fonts/fonts.conf file to configure system font access -->
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<fontconfig>
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<!--
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Find fonts in these directories
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-->
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<dir>/usr/share/fonts</dir>
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<dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts</dir>
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|
|
<!--
|
|
Accept deprecated 'mono' alias, replacing it with 'monospace'
|
|
-->
|
|
<match target="pattern">
|
|
<test qual="any" name="family"><string>mono</string></test>
|
|
<edit name="family" mode="assign"><string>monospace</string></edit>
|
|
</match>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Names not including any well known alias are given 'sans'
|
|
-->
|
|
<match target="pattern">
|
|
<test qual="all" name="family" mode="not_eq">sans</test>
|
|
<test qual="all" name="family" mode="not_eq">serif</test>
|
|
<test qual="all" name="family" mode="not_eq">monospace</test>
|
|
<edit name="family" mode="append_last"><string>sans</string></edit>
|
|
</match>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Load per-user customization file, but don't complain
|
|
if it doesn't exist
|
|
-->
|
|
<include ignore_missing="yes">~/.fonts.conf</include>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Load local customization files, but don't complain
|
|
if there aren't any
|
|
-->
|
|
<include ignore_missing="yes">conf.d</include>
|
|
<include ignore_missing="yes">local.conf</include>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Alias well known font names to available TrueType fonts.
|
|
These substitute TrueType faces for similar Type1
|
|
faces to improve screen appearance.
|
|
-->
|
|
<alias>
|
|
<family>Times</family>
|
|
<prefer><family>Times New Roman</family></prefer>
|
|
<default><family>serif</family></default>
|
|
</alias>
|
|
<alias>
|
|
<family>Helvetica</family>
|
|
<prefer><family>Arial</family></prefer>
|
|
<default><family>sans</family></default>
|
|
</alias>
|
|
<alias>
|
|
<family>Courier</family>
|
|
<prefer><family>Courier New</family></prefer>
|
|
<default><family>monospace</family></default>
|
|
</alias>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Provide required aliases for standard names
|
|
Do these after the users configuration file so that
|
|
any aliases there are used preferentially
|
|
-->
|
|
<alias>
|
|
<family>serif</family>
|
|
<prefer><family>Times New Roman</family></prefer>
|
|
</alias>
|
|
<alias>
|
|
<family>sans</family>
|
|
<prefer><family>Arial</family></prefer>
|
|
</alias>
|
|
<alias>
|
|
<family>monospace</family>
|
|
<prefer><family>Andale Mono</family></prefer>
|
|
</alias>
|
|
</fontconfig>
|
|
|
|
|
|
User configuration file
|
|
|
|
This is an example of a per-user configuration file that lives in ~/.fonts.conf
|
|
|
|
<?xml version="1.0"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
|
|
<!-- ~/.fonts.conf for per-user font configuration -->
|
|
<fontconfig>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Private font directory
|
|
-->
|
|
<dir>~/.fonts</dir>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
use rgb sub-pixel ordering to improve glyph appearance on
|
|
LCD screens. Changes affecting rendering, but not matching
|
|
should always use target="font".
|
|
-->
|
|
<match target="font">
|
|
<edit name="rgba" mode="assign"><const>rgb</const></edit>
|
|
</match>
|
|
</fontconfig>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Files
|
|
|
|
fonts.conf contains configuration information for the fontconfig library
|
|
consisting of directories to look at for font information as well as
|
|
instructions on editing program specified font patterns before attempting to
|
|
match the available fonts. It is in xml format.
|
|
|
|
conf.d is the conventional name for a directory of additional configuration
|
|
files managed by external applications or the local administrator. The
|
|
filenames starting with decimal digits are sorted in lexicographic order and
|
|
used as additional configuration files. All of these files are in xml format.
|
|
The master fonts.conf file references this directory in an <include> directive.
|
|
|
|
fonts.dtd is a DTD that describes the format of the configuration files.
|
|
|
|
~/.fonts.conf.d is the conventional name for a per-user directory of (typically
|
|
auto-generated) configuration files, although the actual location is specified
|
|
in the global fonts.conf file.
|
|
|
|
~/.fonts.conf is the conventional location for per-user font configuration,
|
|
although the actual location is specified in the global fonts.conf file.
|
|
|
|
~/.fonts.cache-* is the conventional repository of font information that isn't
|
|
found in the per-directory caches. This file is automatically maintained by
|
|
fontconfig.
|
|
|
|
See Also
|
|
|
|
fc-cat(1), fc-cache(1), fc-list(1), fc-match(1), fc-query(1)
|
|
|
|
Version
|
|
|
|
Fontconfig version 2.8.0
|
|
|