686 lines
26 KiB
Plaintext
686 lines
26 KiB
Plaintext
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fonts-conf
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Name
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fonts.conf -- Font configuration files
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Synopsis
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/etc/fonts/fonts.conf
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/etc/fonts/fonts.dtd
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/etc/fonts/conf.d
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~/.fonts.conf
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Description
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Fontconfig is a library designed to provide system-wide font
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configuration, customization and application access.
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Functional Overview
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Fontconfig contains two essential modules, the configuration
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module which builds an internal configuration from XML files
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and the matching module which accepts font patterns and
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returns the nearest matching font.
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Font Configuration
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The configuration module consists of the FcConfig datatype,
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libexpat and FcConfigParse which walks over an XML tree and
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amends a configuration with data found within. From an
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external perspective, configuration of the library consists of
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generating a valid XML tree and feeding that to FcConfigParse.
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The only other mechanism provided to applications for changing
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the running configuration is to add fonts and directories to
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the list of application-provided font files.
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The intent is to make font configurations relatively static,
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and shared by as many applications as possible. It is hoped
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that this will lead to more stable font selection when passing
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names from one application to another. XML was chosen as a
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configuration file format because it provides a format which
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is easy for external agents to edit while retaining the
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correct structure and syntax.
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Font configuration is separate from font matching;
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applications needing to do their own matching can access the
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available fonts from the library and perform private matching.
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The intent is to permit applications to pick and choose
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appropriate functionality from the library instead of forcing
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them to choose between this library and a private
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configuration mechanism. The hope is that this will ensure
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that configuration of fonts for all applications can be
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centralized in one place. Centralizing font configuration will
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simplify and regularize font installation and customization.
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Font Properties
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While font patterns may contain essentially any properties,
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there are some well known properties with associated types.
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Fontconfig uses some of these properties for font matching and
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font completion. Others are provided as a convenience for the
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applications' rendering mechanism.
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Property Type Description
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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family String Font family names
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familylang String Languages corresponding to each family
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style String Font style. Overrides weight and slant
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stylelang String Languages corresponding to each style
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fullname String Font full names (often includes style)
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fullnamelang String Languages corresponding to each fullname
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slant Int Italic, oblique or roman
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weight Int Light, medium, demibold, bold or black
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size Double Point size
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width Int Condensed, normal or expanded
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aspect Double Stretches glyphs horizontally before hinting
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pixelsize Double Pixel size
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spacing Int Proportional, dual-width, monospace or charce
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ll
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foundry String Font foundry name
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antialias Bool Whether glyphs can be antialiased
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hinting Bool Whether the rasterizer should use hinting
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hintstyle Int Automatic hinting style
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verticallayout Bool Use vertical layout
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autohint Bool Use autohinter instead of normal hinter
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globaladvance Bool Use font global advance data
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file String The filename holding the font
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index Int The index of the font within the file
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ftface FT_Face Use the specified FreeType face object
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rasterizer String Which rasterizer is in use
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outline Bool Whether the glyphs are outlines
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scalable Bool Whether glyphs can be scaled
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scale Double Scale factor for point->pixel conversions
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dpi Double Target dots per inch
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rgba Int unknown, rgb, bgr, vrgb, vbgr,
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none - subpixel geometry
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minspace Bool Eliminate leading from line spacing
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charset CharSet Unicode chars encoded by the font
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lang String List of RFC-3066-style languages this
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font supports
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fontversion Int Version number of the font
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capability String List of layout capabilities in the font
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embolden Bool Rasterizer should synthetically embolden the
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font
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Font Matching
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Fontconfig performs matching by measuring the distance from a
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provided pattern to all of the available fonts in the system.
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The closest matching font is selected. This ensures that a
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font will always be returned, but doesn't ensure that it is
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anything like the requested pattern.
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Font matching starts with an application constructed pattern.
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The desired attributes of the resulting font are collected
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together in a pattern. Each property of the pattern can
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contain one or more values; these are listed in priority
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order; matches earlier in the list are considered "closer"
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than matches later in the list.
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The initial pattern is modified by applying the list of
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editing instructions specific to patterns found in the
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configuration; each consists of a match predicate and a set of
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editing operations. They are executed in the order they
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appeared in the configuration. Each match causes the
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associated sequence of editing operations to be applied.
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After the pattern has been edited, a sequence of default
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substitutions are performed to canonicalize the set of
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available properties; this avoids the need for the lower
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layers to constantly provide default values for various font
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properties during rendering.
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The canonical font pattern is finally matched against all
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available fonts. The distance from the pattern to the font is
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measured for each of several properties: foundry, charset,
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family, lang, spacing, pixelsize, style, slant, weight,
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antialias, rasterizer and outline. This list is in priority
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order -- results of comparing earlier elements of this list
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weigh more heavily than later elements.
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There is one special case to this rule; family names are split
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into two bindings; strong and weak. Strong family names are
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given greater precedence in the match than lang elements while
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weak family names are given lower precedence than lang
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elements. This permits the document language to drive font
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selection when any document specified font is unavailable.
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The pattern representing that font is augmented to include any
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properties found in the pattern but not found in the font
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itself; this permits the application to pass rendering
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instructions or any other data through the matching system.
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Finally, the list of editing instructions specific to fonts
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found in the configuration are applied to the pattern. This
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modified pattern is returned to the application.
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The return value contains sufficient information to locate and
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rasterize the font, including the file name, pixel size and
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other rendering data. As none of the information involved
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pertains to the FreeType library, applications are free to use
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any rasterization engine or even to take the identified font
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file and access it directly.
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The match/edit sequences in the configuration are performed in
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two passes because there are essentially two different
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operations necessary -- the first is to modify how fonts are
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selected; aliasing families and adding suitable defaults. The
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second is to modify how the selected fonts are rasterized.
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Those must apply to the selected font, not the original
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pattern as false matches will often occur.
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Font Names
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Fontconfig provides a textual representation for patterns that
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the library can both accept and generate. The representation
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is in three parts, first a list of family names, second a list
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of point sizes and finally a list of additional properties:
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<families>-<point sizes>:<name1>=<values1>:<name2>=<values2>...
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Values in a list are separated with commas. The name needn't
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include either families or point sizes; they can be elided. In
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addition, there are symbolic constants that simultaneously
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indicate both a name and a value. Here are some examples:
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Name Meaning
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----------------------------------------------------------
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Times-12 12 point Times Roman
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Times-12:bold 12 point Times Bold
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Courier:italic Courier Italic in the default size
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Monospace:matrix=1 .1 0 1 The users preferred monospace font
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with artificial obliquing
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The '\', '-', ':' and ',' characters in family names must be
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preceeded by a '\' character to avoid having them
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misinterpreted. Similarly, values containing '\', '=', '_',
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':' and ',' must also have them preceeded by a '\' character.
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The '\' characters are stripped out of the family name and
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values as the font name is read.
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Debugging Applications
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To help diagnose font and applications problems, fontconfig is
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built with a large amount of internal debugging left enabled.
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It is controlled by means of the FC_DEBUG environment
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variable. The value of this variable is interpreted as a
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number, and each bit within that value controls different
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debugging messages.
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Name Value Meaning
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---------------------------------------------------------
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MATCH 1 Brief information about font matching
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MATCHV 2 Extensive font matching information
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EDIT 4 Monitor match/test/edit execution
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FONTSET 8 Track loading of font information at startup
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CACHE 16 Watch cache files being written
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CACHEV 32 Extensive cache file writing information
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PARSE 64 (no longer in use)
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SCAN 128 Watch font files being scanned to build caches
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SCANV 256 Verbose font file scanning information
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MEMORY 512 Monitor fontconfig memory usage
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CONFIG 1024 Monitor which config files are loaded
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LANGSET 2048 Dump char sets used to construct lang values
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OBJTYPES 4096 Display message when value typechecks fail
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Add the value of the desired debug levels together and assign
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that (in base 10) to the FC_DEBUG environment variable before
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running the application. Output from these statements is sent
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to stdout.
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Lang Tags
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Each font in the database contains a list of languages it
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supports. This is computed by comparing the Unicode coverage
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of the font with the orthography of each language. Languages
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are tagged using an RFC-3066 compatible naming and occur in
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two parts -- the ISO 639 language tag followed a hyphen and
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then by the ISO 3166 country code. The hyphen and country code
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may be elided.
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Fontconfig has orthographies for several languages built into
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the library. No provision has been made for adding new ones
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aside from rebuilding the library. It currently supports 122
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of the 139 languages named in ISO 639-1, 141 of the languages
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with two-letter codes from ISO 639-2 and another 30 languages
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with only three-letter codes. Languages with both two and
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three letter codes are provided with only the two letter code.
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For languages used in multiple territories with radically
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different character sets, fontconfig includes per-territory
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orthographies. This includes Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Pashto,
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Tigrinya and Chinese.
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Configuration File Format
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Configuration files for fontconfig are stored in XML format;
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this format makes external configuration tools easier to write
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and ensures that they will generate syntactically correct
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configuration files. As XML files are plain text, they can
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also be manipulated by the expert user using a text editor.
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The fontconfig document type definition resides in the
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external entity "fonts.dtd"; this is normally stored in the
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default font configuration directory (/etc/fonts). Each
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configuration file should contain the following structure:
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
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<fontconfig>
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...
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</fontconfig>
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<fontconfig>
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This is the top level element for a font configuration and can
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contain <dir>, <cache>, <include>, <match> and <alias>
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elements in any order.
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<dir>
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This element contains a directory name which will be scanned
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for font files to include in the set of available fonts.
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<cache>
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This element contains a file name for the per-user cache of
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font information. If it starts with '~', it refers to a file
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in the users home directory. This file is used to hold
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information about fonts that isn't present in the
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per-directory cache files. It is automatically maintained by
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the fontconfig library. The default for this file is
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``~/.fonts.cache-<version>'', where <version> is the font
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configuration file version number (currently 2).
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<include ignore_missing="no">
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This element contains the name of an additional configuration
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file or directory. If a directory, every file within that
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directory starting with an ASCII digit (U+0030 - U+0039) and
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ending with the string ``.conf'' will be processed in sorted
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order. When the XML datatype is traversed by FcConfigParse,
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the contents of the file(s) will also be incorporated into the
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configuration by passing the filename(s) to
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FcConfigLoadAndParse. If 'ignore_missing' is set to "yes"
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instead of the default "no", a missing file or directory will
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elicit no warning message from the library.
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<config>
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This element provides a place to consolidate additional
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configuration information. <config> can contain <blank> and
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<rescan> elements in any order.
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<blank>
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Fonts often include "broken" glyphs which appear in the
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encoding but are drawn as blanks on the screen. Within the
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<blank> element, place each Unicode characters which is
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supposed to be blank in an <int> element. Characters outside
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of this set which are drawn as blank will be elided from the
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set of characters supported by the font.
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<rescan>
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The <rescan> element holds an <int> element which indicates
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the default interval between automatic checks for font
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configuration changes. Fontconfig will validate all of the
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configuration files and directories and automatically rebuild
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the internal datastructures when this interval passes.
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<selectfont>
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This element is used to black/white list fonts from being
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listed or matched against. It holds acceptfont and rejectfont
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elements.
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<acceptfont>
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Fonts matched by an acceptfont element are "whitelisted"; such
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fonts are explicitly included in the set of fonts used to
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resolve list and match requests; including them in this list
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protects them from being "blacklisted" by a rejectfont
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element. Acceptfont elements include glob and pattern elements
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which are used to match fonts.
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<rejectfont>
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Fonts matched by an rejectfont element are "blacklisted"; such
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fonts are excluded from the set of fonts used to resolve list
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and match requests as if they didn't exist in the system.
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Rejectfont elements include glob and pattern elements which
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are used to match fonts.
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<glob>
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Glob elements hold shell-style filename matching patterns
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(including ? and *) which match fonts based on their complete
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pathnames. This can be used to exclude a set of directories
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(/usr/share/fonts/uglyfont*), or particular font file types
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(*.pcf.gz), but the latter mechanism relies rather heavily on
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filenaming conventions which can't be relied upon. Note that
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globs only apply to directories, not to individual fonts.
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<pattern>
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Pattern elements perform list-style matching on incoming
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fonts; that is, they hold a list of elements and associated
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values. If all of those elements have a matching value, then
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the pattern matches the font. This can be used to select fonts
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based on attributes of the font (scalable, bold, etc), which
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is a more reliable mechanism than using file extensions.
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Pattern elements include patelt elements.
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<patelt name="property">
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Patelt elements hold a single pattern element and list of
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values. They must have a 'name' attribute which indicates the
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pattern element name. Patelt elements include int, double,
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string, matrix, bool, charset and const elements.
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<match target="pattern">
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This element holds first a (possibly empty) list of <test>
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elements and then a (possibly empty) list of <edit> elements.
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Patterns which match all of the tests are subjected to all the
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edits. If 'target' is set to "font" instead of the default
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"pattern", then this element applies to the font name
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resulting from a match rather than a font pattern to be
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matched. If 'target' is set to "scan", then this element
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applies when the font is scanned to build the fontconfig
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database.
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<test qual="any" name="property" target="default" compare="eq">
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This element contains a single value which is compared with
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the target ('pattern', 'font', 'scan' or 'default') property
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"property" (substitute any of the property names seen above).
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'compare' can be one of "eq", "not_eq", "less", "less_eq",
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"more", or "more_eq". 'qual' may either be the default, "any",
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in which case the match succeeds if any value associated with
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the property matches the test value, or "all", in which case
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all of the values associated with the property must match the
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test value. When used in a <match target="font"> element, the
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target= attribute in the <test> element selects between
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matching the original pattern or the font. "default" selects
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whichever target the outer <match> element has selected.
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<edit name="property" mode="assign" binding="weak">
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This element contains a list of expression elements (any of
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the value or operator elements). The expression elements are
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evaluated at run-time and modify the property "property". The
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modification depends on whether "property" was matched by one
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of the associated <test> elements, if so, the modification may
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affect the first matched value. Any values inserted into the
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property are given the indicated binding ("strong", "weak" or
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"same") with "same" binding using the value from the matched
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pattern element. 'mode' is one of:
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Mode With Match Without Match
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---------------------------------------------------------------------
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"assign" Replace matching value Replace all values
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"assign_replace" Replace all values Replace all values
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"prepend" Insert before matching Insert at head of lis
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t
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"prepend_first" Insert at head of list Insert at head of lis
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t
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"append" Append after matching Append at end of list
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"append_last" Append at end of list Append at end of list
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<int>, <double>, <string>, <bool>
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These elements hold a single value of the indicated type.
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<bool> elements hold either true or false. An important
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limitation exists in the parsing of floating point numbers --
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fontconfig requires that the mantissa start with a digit, not
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a decimal point, so insert a leading zero for purely
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fractional values (e.g. use 0.5 instead of .5 and -0.5 instead
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of -.5).
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<matrix>
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This element holds the four <double> elements of an affine
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transformation.
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<name>
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Holds a property name. Evaluates to the first value from the
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property of the font, not the pattern.
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<const>
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Holds the name of a constant; these are always integers and
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serve as symbolic names for common font values:
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Constant Property Value
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-------------------------------------
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thin weight 0
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extralight weight 40
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ultralight weight 40
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light weight 50
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book weight 75
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regular weight 80
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normal weight 80
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medium weight 100
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demibold weight 180
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semibold weight 180
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bold weight 200
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extrabold weight 205
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black weight 210
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heavy weight 210
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roman slant 0
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italic slant 100
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oblique slant 110
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ultracondensed width 50
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extracondensed width 63
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condensed width 75
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semicondensed width 87
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normal width 100
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semiexpanded width 113
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expanded width 125
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extraexpanded width 150
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ultraexpanded width 200
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proportional spacing 0
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dual spacing 90
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mono spacing 100
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charcell spacing 110
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unknown rgba 0
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rgb rgba 1
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bgr rgba 2
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vrgb rgba 3
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vbgr rgba 4
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none rgba 5
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hintnone hintstyle 0
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hintslight hintstyle 1
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hintmedium hintstyle 2
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hintfull hintstyle 3
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<or>, <and>, <plus>, <minus>, <times>, <divide>
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These elements perform the specified operation on a list of
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expression elements. <or> and <and> are boolean, not bitwise.
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<eq>, <not_eq>, <less>, <less_eq>, <more>, <more_eq>
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These elements compare two values, producing a boolean result.
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<not>
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Inverts the boolean sense of its one expression element
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<if>
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This element takes three expression elements; if the value of
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the first is true, it produces the value of the second,
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otherwise it produces the value of the third.
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<alias>
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Alias elements provide a shorthand notation for the set of
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common match operations needed to substitute one font family
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for another. They contain a <family> element followed by
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optional <prefer>, <accept> and <default> elements. Fonts
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matching the <family> element are edited to prepend the list
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of <prefer>ed families before the matching <family>, append
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the <accept>able families after the matching <family> and
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append the <default> families to the end of the family list.
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<family>
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Holds a single font family name
|
|
|
|
<prefer>, <accept>, <default>
|
|
|
|
These hold a list of <family> elements to be used by the
|
|
<alias> element.
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLE CONFIGURATION FILE
|
|
|
|
System configuration file
|
|
|
|
This is an example of a system-wide configuration file
|
|
<?xml version="1.0"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
|
|
<!-- /etc/fonts/fonts.conf file to configure system font access -->
|
|
<fontconfig>
|
|
<!--
|
|
Find fonts in these directories
|
|
-->
|
|
<dir>/usr/share/fonts</dir>
|
|
<dir>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts</dir>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Accept deprecated 'mono' alias, replacing it with 'monospace'
|
|
-->
|
|
<match target="pattern">
|
|
<test qual="any" name="family"><string>mono</string></test>
|
|
<edit name="family" mode="assign"><string>monospace</string></e
|
|
dit>
|
|
</match>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Names not including any well known alias are given 'sans'
|
|
-->
|
|
<match target="pattern">
|
|
<test qual="all" name="family" mode="not_eq">sans</test>
|
|
<test qual="all" name="family" mode="not_eq">serif</test>
|
|
<test qual="all" name="family" mode="not_eq">monospace</test>
|
|
<edit name="family" mode="append_last"><string>sans</string></e
|
|
dit>
|
|
</match>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Load per-user customization file, but don't complain
|
|
if it doesn't exist
|
|
-->
|
|
<include ignore_missing="yes">~/.fonts.conf</include>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Load local customization files, but don't complain
|
|
if there aren't any
|
|
-->
|
|
<include ignore_missing="yes">conf.d</include>
|
|
<include ignore_missing="yes">local.conf</include>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Alias well known font names to available TrueType fonts.
|
|
These substitute TrueType faces for similar Type1
|
|
faces to improve screen appearance.
|
|
-->
|
|
<alias>
|
|
<family>Times</family>
|
|
<prefer><family>Times New Roman</family></prefer>
|
|
<default><family>serif</family></default>
|
|
</alias>
|
|
<alias>
|
|
<family>Helvetica</family>
|
|
<prefer><family>Arial</family></prefer>
|
|
<default><family>sans</family></default>
|
|
</alias>
|
|
<alias>
|
|
<family>Courier</family>
|
|
<prefer><family>Courier New</family></prefer>
|
|
<default><family>monospace</family></default>
|
|
</alias>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Provide required aliases for standard names
|
|
Do these after the users configuration file so that
|
|
any aliases there are used preferentially
|
|
-->
|
|
<alias>
|
|
<family>serif</family>
|
|
<prefer><family>Times New Roman</family></prefer>
|
|
</alias>
|
|
<alias>
|
|
<family>sans</family>
|
|
<prefer><family>Arial</family></prefer>
|
|
</alias>
|
|
<alias>
|
|
<family>monospace</family>
|
|
<prefer><family>Andale Mono</family></prefer>
|
|
</alias>
|
|
</fontconfig>
|
|
|
|
|
|
User configuration file
|
|
|
|
This is an example of a per-user configuration file that lives
|
|
in ~/.fonts.conf
|
|
<?xml version="1.0"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">
|
|
<!-- ~/.fonts.conf for per-user font configuration -->
|
|
<fontconfig>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Private font directory
|
|
-->
|
|
<dir>~/.fonts</dir>
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
use rgb sub-pixel ordering to improve glyph appearance on
|
|
LCD screens. Changes affecting rendering, but not matching
|
|
should always use target="font".
|
|
-->
|
|
<match target="font">
|
|
<edit name="rgba" mode="assign"><const>rgb</const></edit>
|
|
</match>
|
|
</fontconfig>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Files
|
|
|
|
fonts.conf contains configuration information for the
|
|
fontconfig library consisting of directories to look at for
|
|
font information as well as instructions on editing program
|
|
specified font patterns before attempting to match the
|
|
available fonts. It is in xml format.
|
|
|
|
conf.d is the conventional name for a directory of additional
|
|
configuration files managed by external applications or the
|
|
local administrator. The filenames starting with decimal
|
|
digits are sorted in lexicographic order and used as
|
|
additional configuration files. All of these files are in xml
|
|
format. The master fonts.conf file references this directory
|
|
in an <include> directive.
|
|
|
|
fonts.dtd is a DTD that describes the format of the
|
|
configuration files.
|
|
|
|
~/.fonts.conf is the conventional location for per-user font
|
|
configuration, although the actual location is specified in
|
|
the global fonts.conf file.
|
|
|
|
~/.fonts.cache-* is the conventional repository of font
|
|
information that isn't found in the per-directory caches. This
|
|
file is automatically maintained by fontconfig.
|
|
|
|
See Also
|
|
|
|
fc-cache(1), fc-match(1), fc-list(1)
|
|
|
|
Version
|
|
|
|
Fontconfig version 2.4.2
|