xenocara/proto/randrproto/randrproto.txt
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The X Resize, Rotate and Reflect Extension
Version 1.2
2006-4-13
Jim Gettys
Jim.Gettys@hp.com
Cambridge Research Laboratory
HP Labs
Hewlett Packard Company
Keith Packard
keith.packard@intel.com
Open Source Technology Center
Intel Corporation
1. Introduction
The X Resize, Rotate and Reflect Extension, called RandR for short,
brings the ability to resize, rotate and reflect the root window of a
screen. It is based on the X Resize and Rotate Extension as specified
in the Proceedings of the 2001 Usenix Technical Conference [RANDR].
RandR as implemented and integrated into the X server differs in
one substantial fashion from the design discussed in that paper: that
is, RandR 1.0 does not implement the depth switching described in that
document, and the support described for that in the protocol in that
document and in the implementation has been removed from the
protocol described here, as it has been overtaken by events.
These events include:
► Modern toolkits (in this case, GTK+ 2.x) have progressed to the point
of implementing migration between screens of arbitrary depths
► The continued advance of Moore's law has made limited amounts of VRAM
less of an issue, reducing the pressure to implement depth switching
on laptops or desktop systems
► The continued decline of legacy toolkits whose design would have
required depth switching to support migration
► The lack of depth switching implementation experience in the
intervening time, due to events beyond our control
Additionally, the requirement to support depth switching might
complicate other re-engineering of the device independent part of the
X server that is currently being contemplated.
Rather than further delaying RandR's widespread deployment for a feature
long wanted by the community (resizing of screens, particularly on laptops),
or the deployment of a protocol design that might be flawed due to lack of
implementation experience, we decided to remove depth switching from the
protocol. It may be implemented at a later time if resources and
interests permit as a revision to the protocol described here, which will
remain a stable base for applications. The protocol described here has been
implemented in the main X.org server, and more fully in the hw/kdrive
implementation in the distribution, which fully implements resizing,
rotation and reflection.
1.2 Introduction to version 1.2 of the extension
One of the significant limitations found in version 1.1 of the RandR
protocol was the inability to deal with the Xinerama model where multiple
monitors display portions of a common underlying screen. In this environment,
zero or more video outputs are associated with each CRT controller which
defines both a set of video timings and a 'viewport' within the larger
screen. This viewport is independent of the overall size of the screen, and
may be located anywhere within the screen.
The effect is to decouple the reported size of the screen from the size
presented by each video output, and to permit multiple outputs to present
information for a single screen.
To extend RandR for this model, we separate out the output, CRTC and screen
configuration information and permit them to be configured separately. For
compatibility with the 1.1 version of the protocol, we make the 1.1 requests
simultaneously affect both the screen and the (presumably sole) CRTC and
output. The set of available outputs are presented with UTF-8 encoded names
and may be connected to CRTCs as permitted by the underlying hardware. CRTC
configuration is now done with full mode information instead of just size
and refresh rate, and these modes have names. These names also use UTF-8
encoding. New modes may also be added by the user.
Additional requests and events are provided for this new functionality.
┌────────────────────────────────┬──────────┐
┏━━━━━━━┳───────────────┐ ╔════════╗ ╔════════╗
┃ 1 ┃ │ ║ A ║ ║ B ║
┃ ┏━━━╋━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫ ║ ║ ║ ║
┣━━━╋━━━┛ ┃ ╚════════╝ ╚════════╝
│ ┃ 2 ┃─────────────────┐
│ ┃ ┃ ╔═══════════════════╗
│ ┃ ┃ ║ ║
│ ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┫ ║ C ║
└───────────────────────┘ ║ ║
┌──────┐ ┏━━━━┓ ╔══════╗ ║ ║
│screen│ ┃CRTC┃ ║output║ ╚═══════════════════╝
└──────┘ ┗━━━━┛ ╚══════╝
In this picture, the screen is covered (incompletely) by two CRTCs. CRTC1
is connected to two outputs, A and B. CRTC2 is connected to output C.
Outputs A and B will present exactly the same region of the screen using
the same mode line. Output C will present a different (larger) region of
the screen using a different mode line.
RandR provides information about each available CRTC and output; the
connection between CRTC and output is under application control, although
the hardware will probably impose restrictions on the possible
configurations. The protocol doesn't try to describe these restrictions,
instead it provides a mechanism to find out what combinations are supported.
For instance, dual-link DVI gangs two CRTC outputs together to provide higher
bandwidth for large resolution screens. This is exposed in RandR by
requiring that nothing be connected to the second CRTC when driving a high
resolution screen on the first.
1.1 Acknowledgements
Our thanks to the contributors to the design found on the xpert mailing
list, in particular:
Alan Hourihane for work on the early implementation
Andrew C. Aitchison for help with the XFree86 DDX implementation
Andy Ritger for early questions about how mergefb/Xinerama work with RandR
Carl Worth for editing the specification and Usenix paper
David Dawes for XFree86 DDX integration work
Thomas Winischhofer for the hardware-accelerated SiS rotation implementation
Matthew Tippett and Kevin Martin for splitting outputs and CRTCs to more
fully expose what video hardware can do
❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧
2. Screen change model
Screens may change dynamically, either under control of this extension, or
due to external events. Examples include: monitors being swapped, pressing a
button to switch from internal display to an external monitor on a laptop,
or, eventually, the hotplug of a display card entirely on busses such as
Cardbus or Express Card which permit hot-swap (which will require other work
in addition to this extension).
Since the screen configuration is dynamic and asynchronous to the client and
may change at any time RandR provides mechanisms to ensure that your clients
view is up to date with the configuration possibilities of the moment and
enforces applications that wish to control the configuration to prove that
their information is up to date before honoring requests to change the
screen configuration (by requiring a timestamp on the request).
Interested applications are notified whenever the screen configuration
changes, providing the current size of the screen and subpixel order (see
the Render extension [RENDER]), to enable proper rendering of subpixel
decimated client text to continue, along with a time stamp of the
configuration change. A client must refresh its knowledge of the screen
configuration before attempting to change the configuration after a
notification, or the request will fail.
To avoid multiplicative explosion between orientation, reflection and sizes,
the sizes are only those sizes in the normal (0) rotation.
Rotation and reflection and how they interact can be confusing. In Randr,
the coordinate system is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction relative
to the normal orientation. Reflection is along the window system coordinate
system, not the physical screen X and Y axis, so that rotation and
reflection do not interact. The other way to consider reflection is to is
specified in the "normal" orientation, before rotation, if you find the
other way confusing.
We expect that most clients and toolkits will be oblivious to changes to the
screen structure, as they generally use the values in the connections Display
structure directly. By toolkits updating the values on the fly, we believe
pop-up menus and other pop up windows will position themselves correctly in
the face of screen configuration changes (the issue is ensuring that pop-ups
are visible on the reconfigured screen).
❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧
3. Data Types
The subpixel order is shared with the Render extension, and is documented
there. The only datatype defined is the screen size, defined in the normal
(0 degree) orientation.
❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧
4. Errors
Errors are sent using core X error reports.
Output
A value for an OUTPUT argument does not name a defined OUTPUT.
CRTC
A value for a CRTC argument does not name a defined CRTC.
Mode
A value for a MODE argument does not name a defined MODE.
❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧
5. Protocol Types
RRCONFIGSTATUS { Success
InvalidConfigTime
InvalidTime
Failed }
A value of type RRCONFIGSTATUS returned when manipulating the output
configuration or querying information from the server that has some
time-dependency.
InvalidConfigTime indicates that the supplied configuration
timestamp does not match the current X server configuration
timestamp. Usually this means that the output configuration has
changed since the timestamp was received by the application.
InvalidTime indicates that the supplied output reconfiguration time
is earlier than the most recent output reconfiguration request.
Generally this indicates that another application has reconfigured
the output using a later timestamp.
Failed is returned whenever the operation is unsuccessful for some
other reason. This generally indicates that the requested output
configuration is unsupported by the hardware. The goal is to make
these limitations expressed by the protocol, but when that isn't
possible it is correct to return this error value. If, as a
implentor, you find this error code required, please submit the
hardware constraints that exist so that a future version of the
extension can correctly capture the configuration constraints in
your system.
ROTATION { Rotate_0
Rotate_90
Rotate_180
Rotate_270
Reflect_X
Reflect_Y }
These values are used both to indicate a set of allowed rotations
and reflections as well as to indicate a specific rotation and
reflection combination.
RRSELECTMASK { RRScreenChangeNotifyMask
RRCrtcChangeNotifyMask (New in version 1.2)
RROutputChangeNotifyMask (New in version 1.2)
RROutputPropertyNotifyMask (New in version 1.2) }
SIZEID { CARD16 }
MODE { XID or None }
CRTC { XID }
OUTPUT { XID }
CONNECTION { Connected, Disconnected, UnknownConnection }
This value provides an indication of whether an output is actually
connected to a monitor or other presentation device.
SUBPIXELORDER { SubPixelUnknown The subpixel order uses the Render
SubPixelHorizontalRGB extensions definitions; they are here
SubPixelHorizontalBGR only for convenience.
SubPixelVerticalRGB
SubPixelVerticalBGR
SubPixelNone }
SCREENSIZE { widthInPixels, heightInPixels: CARD16
widthInMillimeters, heightInMillimeters: CARD16 }
MODEFLAG { HSyncPositive
HSyncNegative
VSyncPositive
VSyncNegative
Interlace
DoubleScan
CSync
CSyncPositive
CSyncNegative
HSkewPresent
BCast
PixelMultiplex
DoubleClock
ClockDivideBy2 }
MODEINFO { id: MODE
name: STRING
width, height: CARD16
dotClock: CARD32
hSyncStart, hSyncEnd, hTotal, hSkew: CARD16
vSyncStart, vSyncEnd, vTotal: CARD16
modeFlags: SETofMODEFLAG }
REFRESH { rates: LISTofCARD16 }
❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧
6. Extension Initialization
The name of this extension is "RANDR".
┌───
RRQueryVersion
client-major-version: CARD32
client-minor-version: CARD32
major-version: CARD32
minor-version: CARD32
└───
The client sends the highest supported version to the server
and the server sends the highest version it supports, but no
higher than the requested version. Major versions changes can
introduce incompatibilities in existing functionality, minor
version changes introduce only backward compatible changes.
It is the clients responsibility to ensure that the server
supports a version which is compatible with its expectations.
❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧
7. Extension Requests
┌───
RRSelectInput
window: WINDOW
enable: SETofRRSELECTMASK
└───
Errors: Window, Value
If 'enable' is RRScreenChangeNotifyMask, RRScreenChangeNotify events
will be sent when the screen configuration changes, either from
this protocol extension, or due to detected external screen
configuration changes. RRScreenChangeNotify may also be sent when
this request executes if the screen configuration has changed since
the client connected, to avoid race conditions.
New for version 1.2:
If 'enable' contains RRCrtcChangeMask, RRCrtcChangeNotify events
will be sent when a the configuration for a CRTC associated with the
screen changes, either through this protocol extension or due to
detected external changes. RRCrtcChangeNotify may also be sent when
this request executes if the CRTC configuration has changed since
the client connected, to avoid race conditions.
If 'enable' contains RROutputChangeMask, RROutputChangeNotify events
will be sent when a the configuration for an output associated with
the screen changes, either through this protocol extension or due to
detected external changes. RROutputChangeNotify may also be sent
when this request executes if the output configuration has changed
since the client connected, to avoid race conditions.
If 'enable' contains RROutputPropertyNotifyMask,
RROutputPropertyNotify events will be sent when properties change on
this output.
┌───
RRSetScreenConfig
window: WINDOW
timestamp: TIMESTAMP
config-timestamp: TIMESTAMP
size-id: SIZEID
rotation: ROTATION
rate: CARD16
status: RRCONFIGSTATUS
new-timestamp: TIMESTAMP
config-timestamp: TIMESTAMP
root: WINDOW
subpixelOrder: SUBPIXELORDER
└───
Errors: Value, Match
If 'timestamp' is less than the time when the configuration was last
successfully set, the request is ignored and InvalidTime returned in
status.
If 'config-timestamp' is not equal to when the server's screen
configurations last changed, the request is ignored and
InvalidConfigTime returned in status. This could occur if the
screen changed since you last made a RRGetScreenInfo request,
perhaps by a different piece of display hardware being installed.
Rather than allowing an incorrect call to be executed based on stale
data, the server will ignore the request.
'rate' contains the desired refresh rate. If it is zero, the server
selects an appropriate rate.
This request may fail for other indeterminate reasons, in which case
'status' will be set to Failed and no configuration change will be
made.
This request sets the screen to the specified size, rate, rotation
and reflection.
When this request succeeds, 'status' contains Success and the
requested changes to configuration will have been made.
'new-time-stamp' contains the time at which this request was
executed.
'config-timestamp' contains the time when the possible screen
configurations were last changed.
'root' contains the root window for the screen indicated by the
window.
'subpixelOrder' contains the resulting subpixel order of the screen
to allow correct subpixel rendering.
Value errors are generated when 'rotation', 'rate' or 'size-id'
are invalid.
┌───
RRGetScreenInfo
window: WINDOW
rotations: SETofROTATION
root: WINDOW
timestamp: TIMESTAMP
config-timestamp: TIMESTAMP
size-id: SIZEID
rotation: ROTATION
rate: CARD16
sizes: LISTofSCREENSIZE
refresh: LISTofREFRESH
└───
Errors: Window
RRGetScreenInfo returns information about the current and available
configurations for the screen associated with 'window'.
'rotations' contains the set of rotations and reflections supported
by the screen.
'root' is the root window of the screen.
'config-timestamp' indicates when the screen configuration
information last changed: requests to set the screen will fail
unless the timestamp indicates that the information the client
is using is up to date, to ensure clients can be well behaved
in the face of race conditions.
'timestamp' indicates when the configuration was last set.
'size-id' indicates which size is active.
'rate' is the current refresh rate. This is zero when the refresh
rate is unknown or on devices for which refresh is not relevant.
'sizes' is the list of possible frame buffer sizes (at the normal
orientation. Each size indicates both the linear physical size of
the screen and the pixel size.
'refresh' is the list of refresh rates for each size. Each element
of 'sizes' has a corresponding element in 'refresh'. An empty list
indicates no known rates, or a device for which refresh is not
relevant.
The default size of the screen (the size that would become the
current size when the server resets) is the first size in the
list.
7.1. Extension Requests added in version 1.2 of the extension
As introduced above, version 1.2 of the extension splits the screen size
from the crtc and output configuration, permitting the subset of the screen
presented by multiple outputs to be configured. As a separate notion, the
size of the screen itself may be arbitrarily configured within a defined
range. As crtcs and outputs are added and removed from the system, the set
returned by the extension will change so that applications can detect
dynamic changes in the display environment.
┌───
RRGetScreenSizeRange
window: WINDOW
CARD16 minWidth, minHeight
CARD16 maxWidth, maxHeight
└───
Errors: Window
Returns the range of possible screen sizes. The screen may be set to
any size within this range.
┌───
RRSetScreenSize
window: WINDOW
width: CARD16
height: CARD16
width-in-millimeters: CARD32
height-in-millimeters: CARD32
└───
Errors: Window, Match, Value
Sets the screen to the specified size. 'width' and 'height' must be
within the range allowed by GetScreenSizeRanges, otherwise a Value
error results. All active monitors must be configured to display a
subset of the specified size, else a Match error results.
'width-in-millimeters' and 'height-in-millimeters' can be set to
reflect the physical size of the screen reported both through this
extension and the core protocol. They must be non-zero, or Value
error results.
┌───
RRGetScreenResources
window: WINDOW
timestamp: TIMESTAMP
config-timestamp: TIMESTAMP
crtcs: LISTofCRTC
outputs: LISTofOUTPUT
modes: LISTofMODEINFO
└───
Errors: Window
RRGetScreenResources returns the list of outputs and crtcs connected
to the screen associated with 'window'.
'timestamp' indicates when the configuration was last set.
'config-timestamp' indicates when the configuration information last
changed. Requests to configure the output will fail unless the
timestamp indicates that the information the client is using is up
to date, to ensure clients can be well behaved in the face of race
conditions.
'crtcs' contains the list of CRTCs associated with the screen.
'outputs' contains the list of outputs associated with the screen.
'modes' contains the list of modes associated with the screen
This request explicitly asks the server to ensure that the
configuration data is up-to-date wrt the hardware. If that requires
polling, this is when such polling would take place. Requests for
further information should not poll, but rather return the data
collected at this point.
┌───
RRGetOutputInfo
output: OUTPUT
config-timestamp: TIMESTAMP
status: RRCONFIGSTATUS
timestamp: TIMESTAMP
crtc: CRTC
name: STRING
connection: CONNECTION
subpixel-order: SUBPIXELORDER
widthInMillimeters, heightInMillimeters: CARD32
crtcs: LISTofCRTC
clones: LISTofOUTPUT
modes: LISTofOUTPUT
num-preferred: CARD16
└───
Errors: Output
RRGetOutputInfo returns information about the current and available
configurations 'output'.
If 'config-timestamp' does not match the current configuration
timestamp (as returned by RRGetScreenResources), 'status' is set to
InvalidConfigTime and the remaining reply data is empty. Otherwise,
'status' is set to Success.
'timestamp' indicates when the configuration was last set.
'crtc' is the current source CRTC for video data, or Disabled if the
output is not connected to any CRTC.
'name' is a UTF-8 encoded string designed to be presented to the
user to indicate which output this is. E.g. "S-Video" or "DVI".
'connection' indicates whether the hardware was able to detect a
device connected to this output. If the hardware cannot determine
whether something is connected, it will set this to
UnknownConnection.
'subpixel-order' contains the resulting subpixel order of the
connected device to allow correct subpixel rendering.
'widthInMillimeters' and 'heightInMillimeters' report the physical
size of the displayed area. If unknown, or not really fixed (e.g.,
for a projector), these values are both zero.
'crtcs' is the list of CRTCs that this output may be connected to.
Attempting to connect this output to a different CRTC results in a
Match error.
'clones' is the list of outputs which may be simultaneously
connected to the same CRTC along with this output. Attempting to
connect this output with an output not in the 'clones' list
results in a Match error.
'modes' is the list of modes supported by this output. Attempting to
connect this output to a CRTC not using one of these modes results
in a Match error.
The first 'num-preferred' modes in 'modes' are preferred by the
monitor in some way; for fixed-pixel devices, this would generally
indicate which modes match the resolution of the output device.
┌───
RRListOutputProperties
output:OUTPUT
atoms: LISTof ATOM
└───
Errors: Output
This request returns the atoms of properties currently defined on
the output.
┌───
RRQueryOutputProperty
output: OUTPUT
property: ATOM
pending: BOOL
range: BOOL
immutable: BOOL
valid-values: LISTofINT32
└───
Errors: Name, Atom, Output
If the specified property does not exist for the specified output,
then a Name error is returned.
If 'pending' is TRUE, changes made to property values with
RRChangeOutputProperty will be saved in the pending property value
and be automatically copied to the current value on the next
RRSetCrtcConfig request involving the named output. If 'pending' is
FALSE, changes are copied immediately.
If 'range' is TRUE, then the valid-values list will contain
precisely two values indicating the minimum and maximum allowed
values. If 'range' is FALSE, then the valid-values list will contain
the list of possible values; attempts to set other values will
result in a Value error.
If 'immutable' is TRUE, then the property configuration cannot be
changed by clients. Immutable properties are interpreted by the X
server.
┌───
RRConfigureOutputProperty
output: OUTPUT
property: ATOM
pending: BOOL
range: BOOL
valid-values: LISTofINT32
└───
Errors: Access, Name, Atom, Output
If the specified property is 'immutable', an Access error is
returned.
Otherwise, the configuration of the specified property is changed to
the values provided in this request.
If the specified property does not exist for the specified output,
it is created with an empty value and None type.
┌───
RRChangeOutputProperty
output: OUTPUT
property, type: ATOM
format: {8, 16, 32}
mode: { Replace, Prepend, Append }
data: LISTofINT8 or LISTofINT16 or LISTofINT32
└───
Errors: Alloc, Atom, Match, Value, Output
This request alters the value of the property for the specified
output. If the property is marked as a 'pending' property, only the
pending value of the property is changed. Otherwise, changes are
reflected in both the pending and current values of the property.
The type is uninterpreted by the server. The format specifies
whether the data should be viewed as a list of 8-bit, 16-bit, or
32-bit quantities so that the server can correctly byte-swap as
necessary.
If the mode is Replace, the previous property value is discarded.
If the mode is Prepend or Append, then the type and format must
match the existing property value (or a Match error results). If
the property is undefined, it is treated as defined with the correct
type and format with zero-length data.
For Prepend, the data is tacked on to the beginning of the existing
data, and for Append, it is tacked on to the end of the existing data.
This request generates a OutputPropertyNotify
The lifetime of a property is not tied to the storing client.
Properties remain until explicitly deleted, until the output is
destroyed, or until server reset (see section 10).
The maximum size of a property is server-dependent and may vary
dynamically.
┌───
RRDeleteOutputProperty
output: OUTPUT
property: ATOM
└───
Errors: Atom, Output
This request deletes the property from the specified window if the
property exists and generates a OutputPropertyNotify event unless
the property does not exist.
┌───
RRGetOutputProperty
output: OUTPUT
property: ATOM
type: ATOM or AnyPropertyType
long-offset, long-length: CARD32
delete: BOOL
pending: BOOL
type: ATOM or None
format: {0, 8, 16, 32}
bytes-after: CARD32
value: LISTofINT8 or LISTofINT16 or LISTofINT32
└───
Errors: Atom, Value, Output
If the specified property does not exist for the specified output,
then the return type is None, the format and bytes-after are zero,
and the value is empty. The delete argument is ignored in this
case.
If the specified property exists but its type does not match the
specified type, then the return type is the actual type of the
property, the format is the actual format of the property (never
zero), the bytes-after is the length of the property in bytes (even
if the format is 16 or 32), and the value is empty. The delete
argument is ignored in this case.
If the specified property exists and either AnyPropertyType is
specified or the specified type matches the actual type of the
property, then the return type is the actual type of the property,
the format is the actual format of the property (never zero), and
the bytes-after and value are as follows, given:
N = actual length of the stored property in bytes
(even if the format is 16 or 32)
I = 4 × offset
T = N - I
L = MINIMUM(T, 4 × long-length)
A = N - (I + L)
If 'pending' is true, and if the property holds a pending value,
then the value returned will be the pending value of the property
rather than the current value. The returned value starts at byte
index I in the property (indexing from 0), and its length in bytes
is L. However, it is a Value error if long-offset is given such
that L is negative. The value of bytes-after is A, giving the
number of trailing unread bytes in the stored property. If delete
is True and the bytes-after is zero, the property is also deleted
from the output, and a RROutputPropertyNotify event is generated.
┌───
RRCreateMode
window: WINDOW
modeinfo: MODEINFO
mode: MODE
└───
Errors: Window, Name, Value
'modeinfo' provides a new mode for outputs on the screen
associated with 'window'. If the name of 'modeinfo' names an
existing mode, a Name error is returned. If some parameter of the
mode is not valid in some other way, a Value error is returned.
The returned 'mode' provides the id for the mode.
┌───
RRDestroyMode
mode: MODE
└───
Errors: Mode, Access
The user-defined 'mode' is destroyed. 'mode' must name a mode
defined with RRCreateMode, else an Match error is returned. If
'mode' is in use by some CRTC or Output, then an Access error is
returned.
┌───
RRAddOutputMode
output: OUTPUT
mode: MODE
└───
Errors: Output, Mode, Match
'output' indicates which output is to be configured.
'mode' specifies which mode to add. If 'mode' is not valid for
'output', then a Match error is generated.
This request generates OutputChangeNotify events.
┌───
RRDeleteOutputMode
output: OUTPUT
mode: MODE
└───
Errors: Output, Mode
'output' indicates which output is to be configured.
'mode' specifies which mode to delete. 'mode' must have been added
with RRAddOutputMode, else an Access error is returned. 'mode' must
not be active, else a Match error is returned.
This request generates OutputChangeNotify events.
┌───
RRGetCrtcInfo
crtc: CRTC
config-timestamp: TIMESTAMP
status: RRCONFIGSTATUS
timestamp: TIMESTAMP
x, y: INT16
width, height: CARD16
mode: MODE
rotation: ROTATION
outputs: LISTofOUTPUT
rotations: SETofROTATION
possible-outputs: LISTofOUTPUT
└───
Errors: Window
RRGetCrtcModes returns information about the current and available
configurations for the specified crtc connected to the screen
associated with 'window'.
If 'config-timestamp' does not match the current configuration
timestamp (as returned by RRGetScreenResources), 'status' is set to
InvalidConfigTime and the remaining reply data is empty. Otherwise,
'status' is set to Success.
'timestamp' indicates when the configuration was last set.
'x' and 'y' indicate the position of this CRTC within the screen
region. They will be set to 0 when the CRTC is disabled.
'width' and 'height' indicate the size of the area presented by this
CRTC.
'mode' indicates which mode is active, or None indicating that the
CRTC has been disabled and is not displaying the screen contents.
'rotation' indicates the active rotation. It is set to Rotate_0
when the CRTC is disabled.
'outputs' is the list of outputs currently connected to this CRTC
and is empty when the CRTC is disabled.
'rotations' contains the set of rotations and reflections supported
by the CRTC.
'possible-outputs' lists all of the outputs which may be connected
to this CRTC.
┌───
RRSetCrtcConfig
crtc: CRTC
timestamp: TIMESTAMP
config-timestamp: TIMESTAMP
x, y: INT16
mode: MODE
rotation: ROTATION
outputs: LISTofOUTPUT
status: RRCONFIGSTATUS
new-timestamp: TIMESTAMP
└───
Errors: Value, Match
If 'timestamp' is less than the time when the configuration was last
successfully set, the request is ignored and InvalidTime returned in
status.
If 'config-timestamp' is not equal to when the monitor's
configuration last changed, the request is ignored and
InvalidConfigTime returned in status. This could occur if the
monitor changed since you last made a RRGetScreenInfo request,
perhaps by a different monitor being connected to the machine.
Rather than allowing an incorrect call to be executed based on stale
data, the server will ignore the request.
'x' and 'y' contain the desired location within the screen for this
monitor's content. 'x' and 'y' must be within the screen size, else
a Value error results.
'mode' is either the desired mode or None indicating the CRTC should
be disabled. If 'mode' is not one of these values, a Value
error results. 'mode' must be valid for all of the configured outputs,
else a Match error.
'rotation' contains the desired rotation along with which
reflections should be enabled. The rotation and reflection values
must be among those allowed for this monitor, else a Value error
results.
'outputs' contains the set of outputs that this CRTC should be
connected to. The set must be among the list of acceptable output
sets for this CRTC or a Match error results.
If 'mode' is None, then 'outputs' must be empty, else a Match error
results. Conversely, if 'mode' is not None, then 'outputs' must not be
empty, else a Match error results.
This request may fail for other indeterminate reasons, in which case
'status' will be set to Failed and no configuration change will be
made.
This request sets the CRTC to the specified position, mode, rotation
and reflection. The entire area of the CRTC must fit within the
screen size, else a Match error results. As an example, rotating the
screen so that a single CRTC fills the entire screen before and
after may necessitate disabling the CRTC, resizing the screen,
then re-enabling the CRTC at the new configuration to avoid an
invalid intermediate configuration.
When this request succeeds, 'status' contains Success and the
requested changes to configuration will have been made.
'new-time-stamp' contains the time at which this request was
executed.
┌───
RRGetCrtcGammaSize
crtc: CRTC
size: CARD16
└───
Errors: Crtc
This request returns the size of the gamma ramps used by 'crtc'.
┌───
RRGetCrtcGamma
crtc: CRTC
red: LISTofCARD16
green: LISTofCARD16
blue: LISTofCARD16
└───
Errors: Crtc
This request returns the currently set gamma ramps for 'crtc'. All
three lists will be the size returned by the RRGetCrtcGammaSize
request.
┌───
RRSetCrtcGamma
crtc: CRTC
red: LISTofCARD16
green: LISTofCARD16
blue: LISTofCARD16
└───
Errors: Crtc, Match
This request sets the gamma ramps for 'crtc'. All three lists
must be the size returned by RRGetCrtcGammaSize else a Value error
results.
❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧
8. Extension Events
Clients MAY select for ConfigureNotify on the root window to be
informed of screen changes. This may be advantageous if all your
client needs to know is the size of the root window, as it avoids
round trips to set up the extension.
RRScreenChangeNotify is sent if RRSelectInput has requested it
whenever properties of the screen change, which may be due to external
factors, such as re-cabling a monitor, etc.
┌───
RRScreenChangeNotify
rotation: ROTATION; new rotation
sequenceNumber: CARD16 low 16 bits of request seq. number
timestamp: TIMESTAMP time screen was changed
configTimestamp: TIMESTAMP time config data was changed
root: WINDOW root window of screen
window: WINDOW window requesting notification
size-id: SIZEID index of new size
subpixelOrder: SUBPIXELORDER order of subpixels
widthInPixels: CARD16
heightInPixels: CARD16
widthInMillimeters: CARD16
heightInMillimeters: CARD16
└───
This event is generated whenever the screen configuration is changed
and sent to requesting clients. 'timestamp' indicates when the
screen configuration was changed. 'configTimestamp' says when the
last time the configuration was changed. 'root' is the root of the
screen the change occurred on, 'window' is window selecting for this
event. 'size-id' contains the index of the current size.
This event is sent whenever the screen's configuration changes
or if a new screen configuration becomes available that was
not available in the past. In this case (config-timestamp in
the event not being equal to the config-timestamp returned in
the last call to RRGetScreenInfo), the client MUST call
RRGetScreenInfo to update its view of possible screen
configurations to have a correct view of possible screen
organizations.
Clients which select screen change notification events may be
sent an event immediately if the screen configuration was
changed between when they connected to the X server and
selected for notification. This is to prevent a common race
that might occur on log-in, where many applications start up
just at the time when a display manager or log in script might
be changing the screen size or configuration.
8.1 Events added in version 1.2 of the RandR extension
┌───
RROutputChangeNotify:
timestamp: TIMESTAMP time screen was reconfigured
config-timestamp: TIMESTAMP time available config data was changed
window: WINDOW window requesting notification
output: OUTPUT output affected by change
crtc: CRTC connected CRTC or None
mode: MODE mode in use on CRTC or None
connection: CONNECTION connection status
└───
This event is generated whenever the available output configurations
have changed and is sent to requesting clients. 'timestamp'
indicates when the crtc configuration was changed by a client.
'config-timestamp' says when the last time the available
configurations changed. 'root' is the root of the screen the change
occurred on, 'window' is window selecting for this event. The
precise change can be detected by examining the new state of the
system.
┌───
RROutputPropertyNotify:
window: WINDOW window requesting notification
output: OUTPUT output affected by change
atom: ATOM affected property
time: TIMESTAMP time property was changed
subpixel-order: SUBPIXELORDER order of subpixels
state: { NewValue, Deleted } new property state
└───
This event is reported to clients selecting RROutputPropertyChange
on the window and is generated with state NewValue when a property
of the window is changed using RRChangeOutputProperty even when
adding zero-length data and when replacing all or part of a property
with identical data. It is generated with state Deleted when a
property of the window is deleted using either
RRDeleteOutputProperty or RRGetOutputProperty. The timestamp
indicates the server time when the property was changed.
┌───
RRCrtcChangeNotify
timestamp: TIMESTAMP time monitor was changed
config-timestamp: TIMESTAMP time config data was changed
root: WINDOW root window of screen
window: WINDOW window requesting notification
crtc: CRTC CRTC which changed
mode: MODE new mode
rotation: ROTATION; new rotation
x: INT16 x position of CRTC within screen
y: INT16 y position of CRTC within screen
└───
This event is generated whenever the CRTC configuration is changed
and sent to requesting clients. 'timestamp' indicates when the
CRTC configuration was changed. 'config-timestamp' says when the
last time the configuration was changed. 'root' is the root of the
screen the change occurred on, 'window' is window selecting for this
event.
This event is sent whenever the monitor's configuration changes
or if a new monitor configuration becomes available that was
not available in the past. In this case (config-timestamp in
the event not being equal to the config-timestamp returned in
the last call to RRGetCrtcModes), the client MUST call
RRGetCrtcModes to update its view of possible monitor
configurations to have a correct view of possible monitor
organizations.
Clients which select monitor change notification events may be
sent an event immediately if the monitor configuration was
changed between when they connected to the X server and
selected for notification. This is to prevent a common race
that might occur on log-in, where many applications start up
just at the time when a display manager or log in script might
be changing the monitor size or configuration.
❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧
9. Extension Versioning
The RandR extension was developed in parallel with the implementation
to ensure the feasibility of various portions of the design. As
portions of the extension are implemented, the version number of the
extension has changed to reflect the portions of the standard provided.
This document describes the version 1.2 of the specification, the
partial implementations have version numbers less than that. Here's a
list of what each version provided:
0.0: This prototype implemented resize and rotation in the
TinyX server Used approximately the protocol described in
the Usenix paper. Appeared in the TinyX server in
XFree86 4.2, but not in the XFree86 main server.
0.1: Added subpixel order, added an event for subpixel order.
This version was never checked in to XFree86 CVS.
1.0: Implements resize, rotation, and reflection. Implemented
both in the XFree86 main server (size change only at this
date), and fully (size change, rotation, and reflection)
in XFree86's TinyX server.
1.1: Added refresh rates
1.2: Separate screens from CRTCs and outputs, switch to full VESA
modes
Compatibility between 0.0 and 1.0 was *NOT* preserved, and 0.0 clients
will fail against 1.0 servers. The wire encoding op-codes were
changed for GetScreenInfo to ensure this failure in a relatively
graceful way. Version 1.1 servers and clients are cross compatible with
1.0. Version 1.1 is considered to be stable and we intend upward
compatibility from this point. Version 1.2 offers an extended model of the
system with multiple output support. It offers backward compatibility with
version 1.1.
❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧
10. Relationship with other extensions
Two other extensions have a direct relationship with this extension. This
section attempts to explain how these three are supposed to work together.
10.1 XFree86-VidModeExtension
XFree86-VidModeExtension changes the configuration of a single monitor
attached to the screen without changing the configuration of the screen
itself. It provides the ability to specify new mode lines for the server to
use along with selecting among existing mode lines. As it uses screen
numbers instead of window identifiers, it can be used to affect multiple
monitors in a single-screen Xinerama configuration. However, the association
between screen numbers and root windows in a multi-Screen environment is not
defined by the extension. Version 2.0 of this extension added the ability to
adjust the DAC values in a TrueColor server to modify the brightness curves
of the display.
All of the utility of this extension is subsumed by RandR version 1.2, RandR
should be used in preference to XFree86-VidModeExtension where both are
present.
10.2 Xinerama
Xinerama provides a mechanism for describing the relationship between the
overall screen display and monitors placed within that area. As such, it
provides the query functionality of RandR 1.2 without any of the
configuration functionality. Applications using Xinerama to discover
monitor geometry can continue to do so, with the caveat that they will not be
informed of changes when they occur. However, Xinerama configuration data
will be updated, so applications selecting for RandR notification and
re-querying the configuration with the Xinerama extension will get updated
information. It is probably better to view RandR as a superset of Xinerama
at this point and use it in preference to Xinerama where both are present.
❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧❧
Appendix A. Protocol Encoding
Syntactic Conventions
This document uses the same syntactic conventions as the core X
protocol encoding document.
A.1 Common Types
┌───
ROTATION
0x0001 Rotate_0
0x0002 Rotate_90
0x0004 Rotate_180
0x0008 Rotate_270
0x0010 Reflect_X
0x0020 Reflect_Y
└───
Used to encode both sets of possible rotations and individual
selected rotations.
┌───
RRSELECTMASK
0x0001 ScreenChangeNotifyMask
0x0002 CrtcChangeNotifyMask Added in version 1.2
0x0004 OutputChangeNotifyMask Added in version 1.2
0x0008 OutputPropertyNotifyMask Added in version 1.2
└───
Event select mask for RRSelectInput
┌───
RRCONFIGSTATUS
0x0 Success
0x1 InvalidConfigTime
0x2 InvalidTime
0x3 Failed
└───
Return status for requests which depend on time.
┌───
MODEINFO (32) Added in version 1.2
4 CARD32 id
2 CARD16 width in pixels
2 CARD16 height in pixels
4 CARD32 dot clock
2 CARD16 h sync start
2 CARD16 h sync end
2 CARD16 h total
2 CARD16 h skew
2 CARD16 v sync start
2 CARD16 v sync end
2 CARD16 v total
2 CARD16 name length
4 SETofMODEFLAG mode flags
└───
An output mode specifies the complete CRTC timings for
a specific mode. The vertical and horizontal synchronization rates
can be computed given the dot clock and the h total/v total
values. If the dot clock is zero, then all of the timing
parameters and flags are not used, and must be zero as this
indicates that the timings are unknown or otherwise unused.
The name itself will be encoded separately in each usage.
┌───
MODEFLAG
0x00000001 HSyncPositive
0x00000002 HSyncNegative
0x00000004 VSyncPositive
0x00000008 VSyncNegative
0x00000010 Interlace
0x00000020 DoubleScan
0x00000040 CSync
0x00000080 CSyncPositive
0x00000100 CSyncNegative
0x00000200 HSkewPresent
0x00000400 BCast
0x00000800 PixelMultiplex
0x00001000 DoubleClock
0x00002000 ClockDivideBy2
└───
┌───
CONNECTION
0 Connected
1 Disconnected
2 UnknownConnection
└───
A.2 Protocol Requests
Opcodes 1 and 3 were used in the 0.0 protocols, and will return
errors if used in version 1.0.
┌───
RRQueryVersion
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 0 RandR opcode
2 3 length
4 CARD32 major version
4 CARD32 minor version
1 1 Reply
1 unused
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 0 reply length
1 CARD32 major version
1 CARD32 minor version
└───
┌───
RRSetScreenConfig
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 2 RandR opcode
2 6 length
4 WINDOW window on screen to be configured
4 TIMESTAMP timestamp
4 TIMESTAMP config timestamp
2 SIZEID size index
2 ROTATION rotation/reflection
2 CARD16 refresh rate (1.1 only)
2 CARD16 pad
1 1 Reply
1 RRCONFIGSTATUS status
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 0 reply length
4 TIMESTAMP new timestamp
4 TIMESTAMP new configuration timestamp
4 WINDOW root
2 SUBPIXELORDER subpixel order defined in Render
2 CARD16 pad4
4 CARD32 pad5
4 CARD32 pad6
└───
┌───
RRSelectInput
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 4 RandR opcode
2 3 length
4 WINDOW window
2 SETofRRSELECTMASK enable
2 CARD16 pad
└───
┌───
RRGetScreenInfo
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 5 RandR opcode
2 2 length
4 WINDOW window
1 1 Reply
1 CARD8 set of Rotations
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 0 reply length
4 WINDOW root window
4 TIMESTAMP timestamp
4 TIMESTAMP config timestamp
2 CARD16 number of SCREENSIZE following
2 SIZEID current size index
2 ROTATION current rotation and reflection
2 CARD16 current rate (added in version 1.1)
2 CARD16 length of rate info (number of CARD16s)
2 CARD16 pad
SCREENSIZE
2 CARD16 width in pixels
2 CARD16 height in pixels
2 CARD16 width in millimeters
2 CARD16 height in millimeters
REFRESH
2 CARD16 number of rates (n)
2n CARD16 rates
└───
A.2.1 Protocol Requests added with version 1.2
┌───
RRGetScreenSizeRange
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 6 RandR opcode
2 2 length
4 WINDOW window
1 1 Reply
1 unused
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 0 reply length
2 CARD16 minWidth
2 CARD16 minHeight
2 CARD16 maxWidth
2 CARD16 maxHeight
16 unused
└───
┌───
RRSetScreenSize
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 7 RandR opcode
2 5 length
4 WINDOW window
2 CARD16 width
2 CARD16 height
4 CARD32 width in millimeters
4 CARD32 height in millimeters
└───
┌───
RRGetScreenResources
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 8 RandR opcode
2 2 length
4 WINDOW window
1 1 Reply
1 unused
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 c+o+8m+(b+p)/4 reply length
4 TIMESTAMP timestamp
4 TIMESTAMP config-timestamp
2 c number of CRTCs
2 o number of outputs
2 m number of modeinfos
2 b total bytes in mode names
8 unused
4c LISTofCRTC crtcs
4o LISTofOUTPUT outputs
32m LISTofMODEINFO modeinfos
b STRING8 mode names
p unused, p=pad(b)
└───
┌───
RRGetOutputInfo
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 9 RandR opcode
2 3 length
4 OUTPUT output
4 TIMESTAMP config-timestamp
1 1 Reply
1 RRCONFIGSTATUS status
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 1+c+m+(n+p)/4 reply length
4 TIMESTAMP timestamp
4 CRTC current connected crtc
4 CARD32 width in millimeters
4 CARD32 height in millimeters
1 CONNECTION connection
1 SUBPIXELORDER subpixel-order
2 c number of CRTCs
2 m number of modes
2 p number of preferred modes
2 o number of clones
2 n length of name
4c LISTofCRTC crtcs
4m LISTofMODE modes
n STRING8 name
p unused, p=pad(n)
└───
┌───
RRListOutputProperties
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 10 RandR opcode
2 2 length
4 OUTPUT output
1 1 Reply
1 unused
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 n reply length
2 n number of ATOMs in atoms
22 unused
4n LISTofATOM atoms
└───
┌───
RRQueryOutputProperty
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 11 RandR opcode
2 3 request length
4 OUTPUT output
4 ATOM property
1 1 Reply
1 unused
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 n reply length
1 BOOL pending
1 BOOL range
1 BOOL immutable
21 unused
4n LISTofINT32 valid values
└───
┌───
RRConfigureOutputProperty
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 12 RandR opcode
2 4+n request length
4 OUTPUT output
4 ATOM property
1 BOOL pending
1 BOOL range
2 unused
4n LISTofINT32 valid values
└───
┌───
RRChangeOutputProperty
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 13 RandR opcode
2 6+(n+p)/4 request length
4 OUTPUT output
4 ATOM property
4 ATOM type
1 CARD8 format
1 mode
0 Replace
1 Prepend
2 Append
2 unused
4 CARD32 length of data in format units
(= n for format = 8)
(= n/2 for format = 16)
(= n/4 for format = 32)
n LISTofBYTE data
(n is a multiple of 2 for format = 16)
(n is a multiple of 4 for format = 32)
p unused, p=pad(n)
└───
┌───
RRDeleteOutputProperty
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 14 RandR opcode
2 3 request length
4 OUTPUT output
4 ATOM property
└───
┌───
RRGetOutputProperty
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 15 RandR opcode
2 7 request length
4 OUTPUT output
4 ATOM property
4 ATOM type
0 AnyPropertyType
4 CARD32 long-offset
4 CARD32 long-length
1 BOOL delete
1 BOOL pending
2 unused
1 1 Reply
1 CARD8 format
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 (n+p)/4 reply length
4 ATOM type
0 None
4 CARD32 bytes-after
4 CARD32 length of value in format units
(= 0 for format = 0)
(= n for format = 8)
(= n/2 for format = 16)
(= n/4 for format = 32)
12 unused
n LISTofBYTE value
(n is zero for format = 0)
(n is a multiple of 2 for format = 16)
(n is a multiple of 4 for format = 32)
p unused, p=pad(n)
└───
┌───
RRCreateMode
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 16 RandR opcode
2 12+(n+p)/4 length
4 WINDOW window
32 MODEINFO mode
n STRING8 mode name
p unused, p=pad(n)
1 1 Reply
1 unused
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 0 reply length
4 MODE mode
20 unused
└───
┌───
RRDestroyMode
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 17 RandR opcode
2 2 length
4 MODE mode
└───
┌───
RRAddOutputMode
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 18 RandR opcode
2 3 length
4 OUTPUT output
4 MODE mode
└───
┌───
RRDeleteOutputMode
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 19 RandR opcode
2 3 length
4 OUTPUT output
4 MODE mode
└───
┌───
RRGetCrtcInfo
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 20 RandR opcode
2 3 length
4 CRTC crtc
4 TIMESTAMP config-timestamp
1 1 Reply
1 RRCONFIGSTATUS status
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 o+p reply length
4 TIMESTATMP timestamp
2 INT16 x
2 INT16 y
2 CARD16 width
2 CARD16 height
4 MODE mode
2 ROTATION current rotation and reflection
2 ROTATION set of possible rotations
2 o number of outputs
2 p number of possible outputs
4o LISTofOUTPUT outputs
4p LISTofOUTPUT possible outputs
└───
┌───
RRSetCrtcConfig
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 21 RandR opcode
2 7+2n length
4 CRTC crtc
4 TIMESTAMP timestamp
4 TIMESTAMP config timestamp
2 INT16 x
2 INT16 y
4 MODE mode
2 ROTATION rotation/reflection
2 unused
8n LISTofOUTPUT outputs
1 1 Reply
1 RRCONFIGSTATUS status
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 0 reply length
4 TIMESTAMP new timestamp
20 unused
└───
┌───
RRGetCrtcGammaSize
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 22 RandR opcode
2 2 length
4 CRTC crtc
1 1 Reply
1 unused
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 0 reply length
2 CARD16 size
22 unused
└───
┌───
RRGetCrtcGamma
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 23 RandR opcode
2 2 length
4 CRTC crtc
1 1 Reply
1 unused
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 (6n+2)/4 reply length
2 n size
20 unused
2n LISTofCARD16 red
2n LISTofCARD16 green
2n LISTofCARD16 blue
p unused, p=pad(6n)
└───
┌───
RRSetCrtcGamma
1 CARD8 major opcode
1 24 RandR opcode
2 3+(6n+2)/4 length
4 CRTC crtc
2 n size
2 unused
2n LISTofCARD16 red
2n LISTofCARD16 green
2n LISTofCARD16 blue
p unused, p=pad(6n)
└───
A.3 Protocol Events
┌───
RRScreenChangeNotify
1 Base + 0 code
1 ROTATION new rotation and reflection
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 TIMESTAMP timestamp
4 TIMESTAMP configuration timestamp
4 WINDOW root window
4 WINDOW request window
2 SIZEID size ID
2 SUBPIXELORDER subpixel order defined in Render
2 CARD16 width in pixels
2 CARD16 height in pixels
2 CARD16 width in millimeters
2 CARD16 height in millimeters
└───
A.3.1 Protocol Events added with version 1.2
┌───
RRCrtcChangeNotify
1 Base + 1 code
1 0 sub-code
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 TIMESTAMP timestamp
4 WINDOW request window
4 CRTC crtc affected
4 MODE mode in use
2 ROTATION new rotation and reflection
2 unused
2 INT16 x
2 INT16 y
2 CARD16 width
2 CARD16 height
└───
┌───
RROutputChangeNotify
1 Base + 1 code
1 1 sub-code
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 TIMESTAMP timestamp
4 TIMESTAMP configuration timestamp
4 WINDOW request window
4 OUTPUT output affected
4 CRTC crtc in use
4 MODE mode in use
2 ROTATION rotation in use
1 CONNECTION connection status
1 SUBPIXELORDER subpixel order
└───
┌───
RROutputPropertyNotify
1 Base + 1 code
1 2 sub-code
2 CARD16 sequence number
4 WINDOW window
4 OUTPUT output
4 ATOM atom
4 TIMESTAMP time
1 state
0 NewValue
1 Deleted
11 unused
└───
A.4 Protocol Errors
┌───
ERRORS
Base + 0 Output
Base + 1 Crtc
Base + 2 Mode
└───
Bibliography
[RANDR] Gettys, Jim and Keith Packard, "The X Resize and Rotate
Extension - RandR", Proceedings of the 2001 USENIX Annual
Technical Conference, Boston, MA
[RENDER]
Packard, Keith, "The X Rendering Extension", work in progress,
documents found in xc/specs/Render.