486 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
486 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext
.\" **
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.\" ** (c) Copyright 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
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.\" **
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.\" ** (c) Copyright 1989, 1990, 1991 Open Software Foundation, Inc.
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.\" ** All Rights Reserved.
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.\" **
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.\" ** (c) Copyright 1987, 1988, 1989, by Hewlett-Packard Company
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.\" **
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.\" ** (c) Copyright 1987, 1988 by Digital Equipment Corporation,
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.\" ** Maynard, MA. All Rights Reserved.
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.\" **
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.\" **
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.TH GLwDrawingArea 3X "" "" "" ""
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.SH NAME
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\fBGLwDrawingArea, GLwMDrawingArea \(em OpenGL drawing widgets.\fP
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.iX "GLwDrawingArea" "GLwMDrawingArea"
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.iX "widget class" "OpenGL" "Draw"
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.sp 1
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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\fB#include <GL/GLwDrawA.h>
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.br
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\fBld ... -lGLw -lGL -l<anywidgetlibrary> -lXext -lXt -lX11 -lm
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.sp
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\fB#include <GL/GLwMDrawA.h>
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.br
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\fBld ... -lGLw -lGL -lXm -lXext -lXt -lX11 -lm
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.sp 1
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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\fBGLwDrawingArea\fP and \fBGLwMDrawingArea\fP are widgets suitable
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for OpenGL drawing. They
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provide a window with the appropriate visual and colormaps needed for
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OpenGL, based on supplied parameters. GLwDrawingArea and
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GLwMDrawingArea also provide
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callbacks for redraw, resize, input, and initialization.
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.PP
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GLwDrawingArea is not a part of any widget set, but depends only on Xt.
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GLwDrawingArea can be used with any widget set. GLwMDrawingArea
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is identical to
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GLwDrawingArea except that it is a subclass of the Motif\(Tm widget
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class XmPrimitive and
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has resources and defaults suitable for use with Motif. For example,
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GLwMDrawingArea provides the default Motif background and foreground colors
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for resources, and deals better with keyboard traversal. Although the
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GLwDrawingArea widget can be used in a Motif program, it is recommended that
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GLwMDrawingArea be used instead.
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.PP
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Since both GLwDrawingArea and GLwMDrawingArea
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widgets behave almost identically, the
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remainder of this manual page will refer only to GLwDrawingArea, except when
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the behaviors differ. Unless explicitly stated, all statements
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about GLwDrawingArea also apply to GLwMDrawingArea.
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.PP
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Among the information provided when creating a GLwDrawingArea is
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information necessary to determine the visual. This may be provided
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in three ways, all of them through resources. A specific visualInfo
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structure may be passed in. (This visualInfo must have been obtained
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elsewhere; it is the application designer's responsibility to make
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sure that it is compatible with the OpenGL rendering done by the
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application). Alternatively, an attribute list may be provided. This
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attribute list is formatted identically to that used for direct open
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GL programming. Finally, each attribute can be specified as an
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individual resource. The latter method is the simplest, and is the
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only method that works from resource files.
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.PP
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In addition to allocating the visual, the GLwDrawingArea will also
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allocate the colormap unless one is provided by the application. (If
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one is provided it is the application writer's responsibility to
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guarantee compatibility between the colormap and the visual). If
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an application creates multiple GLwDrawingAreas with the same visual,
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the same colormap will be used. (However the colormap
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will not be shared among separate applications).
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.PP
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Creating the widget does not actually create the window until it is
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realized, and consequently, the application should not perform any
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OpenGL operations
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to the window immediately after creation. Instead the application
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must wait until after it has realized the window. Alternatively, the
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\fBginit\fP callback may be used to indicate when the window has been
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created. Upon receiving this callback, the application can perform
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all OpenGL initialization for the window, and can subsequently perform
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other operations on it. The initialization is discussed in more
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detail below.
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.PP
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Applications select which GLwDrawingArea they are accessing using either
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\fBglXMakeCurrent\fP or the convenience function
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\fBGLwDrawingAreaMakeCurrent\fP which uses a widget instead of a
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display and window. If there is only one GLwDrawingArea this need
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only be called once, however if there is more than one GLwDrawingArea
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it should be called at the start of each callback.
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Callbacks in this case include not only
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callbacks provided by the widget itself, but any other callback that
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leads to GL activity such as a timeout or a workproc.
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.PP
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If an application is using double buffering, it may call
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\fBGLwDrawingAreaSwapBuffers\fP instead of \fBglXSwapBuffers\fP. This
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allows the use of the widget instead of the display and window.
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.ne 5
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.SS "GLwDrawingArea Classes"
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GLwDrawingArea inherits behavior and resources from the \fBCore\fP class.
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.br
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The class pointer is \fBglwDrawingAreaWidgetClass\fP.
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.br
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The class name is \fBGLwDrawingArea\fP.
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.PP
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.ne 5
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.SS "GLwMDrawingArea Classes"
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GLwMDrawingArea inherits behavior and resources from the
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\fBXmPrimitive\fP and \fBCore\fP classes.
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.br
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The class pointer is \fBglwMDrawingAreaWidgetClass\fP.
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.br
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The class name is \fBGLwMDrawingArea\fP.
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.sp 1
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.SS "New Resources"
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The following tables define a set of widget resources used by the programmer
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to specify data. The programmer can also set the resource values for the
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inherited classes to set attributes for this widget. To reference a
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resource by name or by class in a .Xdefaults file, remove the \fBGLwN\fP or
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\fBGLwC\fP prefix and use the remaining letters.
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There are two tables included. The first table includes resources
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that correspond directly to the attributes used by \fBglXChooseVisual\fP.
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As with \fBglXChooseVisual\fP, all Boolean resources default to FALSE
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and all integer resources default to 0, except redSize, greenSize and
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blueSize which default to 1. These resources can all be
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set only at creation time, and are used to determine the visual. If
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either the \fIGLwNattribList\fP or \fIGLwNvisualInfo\fP resource is
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set, these resources are ignored. The specific meaning of these
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resources is discussed in the \fBglXChooseVisual\fP manual page and
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will not be discussed here.
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.sp 1
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.ne 18
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.TS
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center allbox;
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lBp8 lBp8 lBp8 lBp8
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lp8 lp8 lp8 lp8.
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Name Class Type OpenGL attribute
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GLwNbufferSize GLwCBufferSize int GLX_BUFFER_SIZE
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GLwNlevel GLwCLevel int GLX_LEVEL
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GLwNrgba GLwCRgba Boolean GLX_RGBA
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GLwNdoublebuffer GLwCDoublebuffer Boolean GLX_DOUBLEBUFFER
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GLwNstereo GLwCStereo Boolean GLX_STEREO
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GLwNauxBuffers GLwCAuxBuffers Boolean GLX_AUX_BUFFERS
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GLwNredSize GLwCColorSize int GLX_RED_SIZE
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GLwNgreenSize GLwCColorSize int GLX_GREEN_SIZE
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GLwNblueSize GLwCColorSize int GLX_BLUE_SIZE
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GLwNalphaSize GLwCAlphaSize int GLX_ALPHA_SIZE
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GLwNdepthSize GLwCDepthSize int GLX_DEPTH_SIZE
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GLwNstencilSize GLwCStencilSize int GLX_STENCIL_SIZE
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GLwNaccumRedSize GLwCAccumColorSize int GLX_ACCUM_RED_SIZE
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GLwNaccumGreenSize GLwCAccumColorSize int GLX_ACCUM_GREEN_SIZE
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GLwNaccumBlueSize GLwCAccumColorSize int GLX_ACCUM_BLUE_SIZE
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GLwNaccumAlphaSize GLwCAccumAlphaSize int GLX_ACCUM_ALPHA_SIZE
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.TE
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.sp 1
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.PP
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The following table lists other resources of the GLwDrawingArea
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widget. each of these will be described subsequently.
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The codes in the access column indicate if the given resource can be
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set at creation time (\fBC\fP),
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set by using \fBXtSetValues\fP (\fBS\fP),
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retrieved by using \fBXtGetValues\fP (\fBG\fP), or is not applicable
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(\fBN/A\fP).
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.sp 1
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.ne 12
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.TS
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center;
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lp8B lp8B lp8B lp8B lp8B
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lp8 lp8 lp8 lp8 lp8.
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Name Class Type Def Acc
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_
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GLwNallocateBackground GLwCAllocateColors Boolean F CG
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GLwNallocateOtherColors GLwCAllocateColors Boolean F CG
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GLwNattribList GLwCAttribList int * NULL CG
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GLwNexposeCallback GLwCCallback XtCallbackList NULL C
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GLwNginitCallback GLwCCallback XtCallbackList NULL C
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GLwNinputCallback GLwCCallback XtCallbackList NULL C
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GLwNinstallBackground GLwCInstallBackground Boolean T CG
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GLwNinstallColormap GLwCInstallColormap Boolean T CG
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GLwNresizeCallback GLwCCallback XtCallbackList NULL C
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GLwNvisualInfo GLwCVisualInfo XVisualInfo* NULL CG
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.TE
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.sp 1
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.IP "\fBGLwNallocateBackground\fP"
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If TRUE, the background pixel and pixmap will be allocated if
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appropriate using the newly calculated colormap and visual. If FALSE,
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they will retain values calculated using the parent's colormap and
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visual. Applications which wish to have X clear their background for
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them will usually set this to TRUE. Applications clearing their own
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background will often set this to FALSE, although they may set this to
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TRUE if they query the background for their own use. One reason to
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leave this resource FALSE is that if color index mode is in use this
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avoid using up a pixel from the newly allocated colormap. Also, on
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hardware that supports only one colormap, the application may need to
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do more careful color allocation to avoid flashing between the OpenGL
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colormap and the default X colormap.
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(Note that because of the way Xt works, the background colors
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are originally calculated using the default colormap; if this resource
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is set they can be recalculated correctly. If a colormap was
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explicitly supplied to the widget rather than being dynamically
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calculated, these resources are always calculated using that colormap.)
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.IP "\fBGLwNallocateOtherColors\fP"
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This is similar to \fBGLwNallocateBackground\fP, but allocates other
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colors normally allocated by widgets. Although the GLwDrawingArea
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and GLwMDrawingArea widget do not make use of these colors the
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application may choose to query them. For the non-Motif
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GLwDrawingArea widget there are no other colors allocated, so this
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resource is a no-op. For the Motif GLwMDrawingArea are widget, the
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XmPrimitive resources \fBXmNforeground\fP, \fBXmNhighlightColor\fP,
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and \fBXmNhighlightPixmap\fP are calculated.
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.IP "\fBGLwNattribList\fP"
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Contains the list of attributes suitable for a call to
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\fBglXChooseVisual\fP. If this resource is NULL, it is calculated
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based on the attribute resources. If it is not NULL, the attribute
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resources are ignored.
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.IP "\fBGLwNexposeCallback\fP"
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Specifies the list of callbacks that is
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called when the widget receives an exposure event.
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The callback reason is \fBGLwCR_EXPOSE\fP.
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The callback structure also includes the exposure event. The
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application will generally want to redraw the scene.
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.IP "\fBGLwNginitCallback\fP"
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Specifies the list of callbacks that is
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called when the widget is first realized. Since no OpenGL operations can
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be done before the widget is realized, this callback can be used to
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perform any appropriate OpenGL initialization such as creating a context.
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The callback reason is \fBGLwCR_GINIT\fP.
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.IP "\fBGLwNinputCallback\fP"
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Specifies the list of callbacks that is
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called when the widget receives a keyboard
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or mouse event. By default, the input callback is called on each key
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press and key release, on each mouse button press and release, and
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whenever the mouse is moved while a button is pressed. However this
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can be changed by providing a different translation table.
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The callback structure also includes the input event.
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The callback reason is \fBGLwCR_INPUT\fP.
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.IP ""
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The input callback is provided as a programming convenience, as it
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provides a convenient way to catch all input events. However, a more
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modular program can often be obtained by providing specific actions and
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translations in the application rather than using a single catch all
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callback. Use of explicit translations can also provide for more
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customization.
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.IP "\fBGLwNinstallBackground\fP"
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If set to TRUE, the background is installed on the window. If set to
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FALSE, the window has no background. This resource has no effect
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unless \fBGLwNallocateBackground\fP is also TRUE.
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.IP "\fBGLwNinstallColormap\fP"
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If set to TRUE, the widget will call \fIXSetWMColormapWindows\fP to
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tell the window manager to install the colormap when the window's
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shell has focus. If set to FALSE, this will not be called. For
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applications with multiple GLwDrawingAreas sharing a single colormap,
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it is most efficient to set this resource to TRUE for exactly one
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GLwDrawingArea with each colormap. If an application needs
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additional control over the order of colormaps, this resource can be
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set to FALSE, with the application calling \fIXSetWMColormapWindows\fP
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explicitly.
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.IP "\fBGLwNresizeCallback\fP"
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Specifies the list of callbacks that is
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called when the GLwDrawingArea is resized.
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The callback reason is \fBGLwCR_RESIZE\fP.
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.IP "\fBGLwNvisualInfo\fP"
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Contains a pointer to the window's visual info structure. If NULL,
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the visualInfo is calculated at widget creation time based on the
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\fIGLwNattributeList\fP resource (which is itself calculated from the
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various resources). If \fBGLwNvisualInfo\fP is not NULL the
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\fIGLwNattributList\fP and the attribute resources are ignored.
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.sp 1
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.SS "Inherited Resources"
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Both GLwDrawingArea and GLwMDrawingArea inherit behavior and resources
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from the core superclass. Other than the behavior of the colormap and
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background resources described previously, all defaults are the same as
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for core.
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.PP
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In addition, the Motif version GLwMDrawingArea also inherits from XmPrimitive.
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The behavior of the color resources has been described previously.
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The \fITraversalOn\fP resource is disabled for this widget, but if
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keyboard input is required it should be enabled. (Also, the
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application should call \fBXmProcessTraversal(widget, XmTRAVERSE_CURRENT)\fP
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whenever mouse button 1 is clicked in the widget. This is similar to
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the requirements of the Motif Drawing area.) Because Motif gets
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confused by having multiple visuals in one top level shell,
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\fBXmNhighlightOnEnter\fP has been disabled, and
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\fBXmNhighlightThickness\fP has been set to 0.
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.SS "Callback Information"
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A pointer to the following structure is passed to each callback:
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.sp 1
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.ne 6
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.nf
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.ta .25i 1.3i
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\fBtypedef struct\fP
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{
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\fBint\fP \fIreason\fP;
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\fBXEvent\fP \fI*event\fP;
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\fBDimension\fP \fIwidth, height\fP;
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} \fBGLwDrawingAreaCallbackStruct\fP;
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.fi
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.sp 1
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.IP "\fIreason\fP" .75i
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Indicates why the callback was invoked. Appropriate values are
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stated in the above resource descriptions. For Motif programmers, the
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values \fBGLwCR_EXPOSE\fP, \fBGLwCR_RESIZE\fP, and \fBGLwCR_INPUT\fP
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are equal to \fBXmCR_EXPOSE\fP, \fBXmCR_RESIZE\fP, and
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\fBXmCR_INPUT\fP respectively. \fBGLwCR_GINIT\fP does not have a
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Motif equivalent.
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.IP "\fIevent\fP" .75i
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Points to the \fBXEvent\fP that triggered the callback.
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This is NULL for \fBGLwNginitCallback and \fBGLwNresizeCallback\fP.
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.IP "\fIwidth\fP and \fIheight\fP" .75i
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Are set to the width and height of the window.
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.br
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.ne 10
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.sp 1 \"Adds space before the SS
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.SS "Translations"
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GLwDrawingArea has the translations listed below.
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\fB
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.nf
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.ta 1.5i
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.ne 5
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<KeyDown>: glwInput()
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<KeyUp>: glwInput()
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<BtnDown>: glwInput()
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<BtnUp>: glwInput()
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<BtnMotion>: glwInput()
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.fi
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.PP
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GLwMDrawingArea has the following additional translation:
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\fB
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.nf
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.ta 1.5i
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<Key>osfHelp: PrimitiveHelp()
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.fi
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.PP
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An application wishing to catch other events than these defaults can
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do so by installing a different translation table.
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\fP
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.sp 1 \"Adds space before the SS
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.SS "Action Routines"
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The GLwDrawingArea has the following action routine:
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.IP "\fBglwInput()\fP:"
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Called whenever one of the above translations specifies that input has
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occurred. Its sole purpose is to call the input callback.
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.sp 1
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.SH INITIALIZATION
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.PP
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When the widget is initially created (e.g. through
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\fBXtCreateWidget(3X)\fP) the associated window is not actually
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created. Instead, window creation is delayed until the widget is
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realized. However, \fBglXchooseVisual\fP is called immediately, so
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information based on its results is available.
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.PP
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Between the time the widget is created and it is realized,
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the following apply:
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.TP
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\(bu
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No OpenGL operations can be done to the window
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.TP
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\(bu
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No resize callbacks are generated.
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.TP
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\(bu
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The normal window is available (XtWindow returns NULL).
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.TP
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\(bu
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\fBGLwDrawingAreaMakeCurrent\fP (and \fBglXMakeCurrent\fP) should not
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be called.
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.PP
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When the widget is realized, the following actions take place:
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.PP
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.TP
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\(bu
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The window is created.
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.TP
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\(bu
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The \fBginit\fP callback is called. The user may use this callback to
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perform any needed OpenGL initialization to the window.
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.sp 1
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.SH NOTES
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.PP
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When using the input callback to receive keyboard input, the keycode
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in the event must be converted to a KeySym. Use
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\fBXLookupKeysym(3X)\fP or \fBXLookupString(3X)\fP to do the
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conversion. Keyboard input can also be dealt using translations, in
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which case no such conversion is required.
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.PP
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Motif programmers should keep in mind that OSF uses virtual
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bindings and replaces some of the key bindings. As a common example,
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if the ESC key is to be used to exit the program (as it often is in GL
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programs), the translation should specify <key>osfCancel instead of
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<key>Escape.
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.PP
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Motif programmers may also create a GLwMDrawingArea widget with the Motif
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style \fBGLwCreateMDrawingArea\fP.
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.sp 1
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.ne 10
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.SH EXAMPLE
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Here are some code fragments that create a GLwDrawingArea widget, and manage
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the appropriate callbacks.
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.sp
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.nf
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\f(CW
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <GL/GLwDrawA.h>
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static GLXContext glx_context; /* assume only one context */
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. . .
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main()
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{
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Arg args[10];
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int n;
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Widget parent; /* The parent of the gl widget */
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Widget glw; /* The GLwDrawingArea widget */
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. . .
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/* Create the widget using RGB mode. This can also be set
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* in an X Defaults file
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*/
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n = 0;
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XtSetArg(args[n], GLwNrgba, True); n++;
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glw = XtCreateManagedWidget("glw", glwDrawingAreaWidgetClass,
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parent, args, n);
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XtAddCallback(glw, GLwNexposeCallback, exposeCB, NULL);
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XtAddCallback(glw, GLwNresizeCallback, resizeCB, NULL);
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XtAddCallback(glw, GLwNginitCallback, ginitCB, NULL);
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/* Also add input callback if needed */
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. . .
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}
|
|
|
|
static void
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|
exposeCB(Widget w, XtPointer client_data,
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|
GLwDrawingAreaCallbackStruct *call_data)
|
|
{
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|
GLwDrawingAreaMakeCurrent(w, glx_context);
|
|
/* redraw the display */
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static void
|
|
resizeCB(Widget w, XtPointer client_data,
|
|
GLwDrawingAreaCallbackStruct *call_data)
|
|
{
|
|
GLwDrawingAreaMakeCurrent(w, glx_context);
|
|
/* perform any resize actions */
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
static void
|
|
ginitCB(Widget w, XtPointer client_data,
|
|
GLwDrawingAreaCallbackStruct *call_data)
|
|
{
|
|
Arg args[1];
|
|
XVisualInfo *vi;
|
|
|
|
XtSetArg(args[0], GLwNvisualInfo, &vi);
|
|
XtGetValues(w, args, 1);
|
|
|
|
/* create a visual context */
|
|
glx_context = glXCreateContext(XtDisplay(w), vi,
|
|
NULL, GL_FALSE);
|
|
GLwDrawingAreaMakeCurrent(w, glx_context);
|
|
/* Perform any necessary graphics initialization.*/
|
|
}
|
|
\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.P
|
|
The Motif program need only differ by including
|
|
\fBGLwMDrawingArea.h\fP instead of \fBGLwDrawingArea.h\fP and by creating a widget of type
|
|
\fBGLwMDrawingAreaWidgetClass\fP instead of \fBGLwDrawingAreaWidgetClass\fP. As an
|
|
alternative, the Motif program could use \fBGLwCreateMDraw(3X)\fP instead.
|
|
.sp 1
|
|
.SH WARNINGS
|
|
.PP
|
|
If a GLwDrawingArea widget is created as a child of an already realized
|
|
widget, the GLwDrawingArea widget will be created immediately, without giving
|
|
the user an opportunity to add the \fBginit\fP callback. In such a
|
|
case, initialization should be done immediately after creating the
|
|
widget rather than by using the callback.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If the non-Motif GLwDrawingArea widget is used in a Motif program and
|
|
keyboard traversal is attempted, the behavior is undefined if the user
|
|
traverses into the GLwDrawingArea widget.
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
\fBglXChooseVisual(3G)\fP, \fBGLwDrawingAreaMakeCurrent(3X)\fP,
|
|
\fBglXMakeCurrent(3G)\fP, \fBGLwDrawingAreaSwapBuffers(3X)\fP
|
|
\fBGLwCreateMDraw(3X)\fP, \fBCore(3X)\fP, \fBXmPrimitive(3X)\fP,
|
|
\fBVirtualBindings(3X)\fP, \fBXSetWMColormapWindows(3X11)\fP
|
|
and the OpenGL spec.
|