69c22cfea4
Install all protocol documentation.
1468 lines
45 KiB
XML
1468 lines
45 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
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<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd"
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[
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<!ENTITY % defs SYSTEM "defs.ent"> %defs;
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]>
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<!--translated from security.tex, on 2010-06-27 15:29:00,
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by TeX4ht (http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~gurari/TeX4ht/)
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xhtml,docbook,html,refcaption -->
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<book id="security">
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<bookinfo>
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<title>Security Extension Specification</title>
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<subtitle>X Consortium Standard</subtitle>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>David</firstname><othername>P.</othername><surname>Wiggins</surname>
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<affiliation><orgname>X Consortium</orgname></affiliation>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<releaseinfo>X Version 11, Release &fullrelvers;</releaseinfo>
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<releaseinfo>Version 7.1</releaseinfo>
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<copyright><year>1996</year><holder>X Consortium</holder></copyright>
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<legalnotice>
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<para>
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Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal
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in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
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copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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</para>
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<para>
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The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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</para>
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<para>
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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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X CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
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CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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</para>
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<para>
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Except as contained in this notice, the name of the X Consortium shall not be
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used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings
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in this Software without prior written authorization from the X Consortium.
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</para>
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<para>X Window System is a trademark of The OpenGroup.</para>
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</legalnotice>
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<pubdate>November 15, 1996</pubdate>
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</bookinfo>
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<chapter id='Introduction'>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>
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The Security extension contains new protocol needed to provide enhanced X
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server security. The Security extension should not be exposed to untrusted
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clients (defined below).
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</para>
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</chapter>
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<chapter id='Requests'>
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<title>Requests</title>
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<sect1 id='SecurityQueryVersion'>
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<title>SecurityQueryVersion</title>
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<para>
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This request returns the major and minor version numbers of this extension.
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</para>
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<para>SecurityQueryVersion</para>
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<informaltable frame='none'>
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<?dbfo keep-together="always" ?>
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<tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
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<colspec colname='c1' colwidth="1.0*"/>
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<colspec colname='c2' colwidth="1.5*"/>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>client-major-version</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>CARD16</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>client-minor-version</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>CARD16</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>=></para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>server-major-version</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>CARD16</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>server-minor-version</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>CARD16</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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<para>
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The client-major-version and client-minor-version numbers indicate what
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version of the protocol the client wants the server to implement. The
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server-major-version and the server-minor-version numbers returned
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indicate the protocol this extension actually supports. This might not
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equal the version sent by the client. An implementation can (but need not)
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support more than one version simultaneously. The server-major-version
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and server-minor-version allow the creation of future revisions of the
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Security protocol that may be necessary. In general, the major version
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would increment for incompatible changes, and the minor version would
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increment for small, upward-compatible changes. Servers that support
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the protocol defined in this document will return a server-major-version
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of one (1), and a server-minor-version of zero (0).
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</para>
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<para>
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Clients using the Security extension must issue a SecurityQueryVersion
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request before any other Security request in order to negotiate a compatible
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protocol version; otherwise, the client will get undefined behavior
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(Security may or may not work).
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id='SecurityGenerateAuthorization'>
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<title>SecurityGenerateAuthorization</title>
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<para>
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This request causes the server to create and return a new authorization with
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specific characteristics. Clients can subsequently connect using the new
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authorization and will inherit some of the characteristics of the
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authorization.
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</para>
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<para>
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SecurityGenerateAuthorization
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</para>
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<informaltable frame='none'>
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<?dbfo keep-together="always" ?>
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<tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
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<colspec colname='c1' colwidth="1.0*"/>
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<colspec colname='c2' colwidth="1.5*"/>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>authorization-protocol-name</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>STRING8</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>authorization-protocol-data</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>STRING8</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>value-mask</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>BITMASK</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>value-list</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>LISTofVALUE</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>=></para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>authorization-id</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>AUTHID</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>authorization-data-return</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>STRING8</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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<para>
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Errors: <function>AuthorizationProtocol</function>, <function>Value</function>, <function>Alloc</function>
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</para>
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<para>
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authorization-protocol-name is the name of the authorization method for
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which the server should generate a new authorization that subsequent
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clients can use to connect to the server. If the authorization-protocol-name
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is not one that the server supports, or if authorization-protocol-data
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does not make sense for the given authorization-protocol-name, an
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AuthorizationProtocol error results.
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</para>
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<para>
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authorization-protocol-data is authorization-method specific data that can
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be used in some way to generate the authorization.
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</para>
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<note><para>
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In this version of the extension, the only authorization method
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required to be supported is "MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1" with any amount
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of authorization-protocol-data (including none). The server may use the
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authorization-protocol-data as an additional source of randomness used
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to generate the authorization. Other authorization methods can supply
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their own interpretation of authorization-protocol-data.
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</para></note>
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<para>
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The value-mask and value-list specify attributes of the authorization
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that are to be explicitly initialized. The possible values are:
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</para>
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<informaltable frame='topbot'>
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<?dbfo keep-together="always" ?>
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<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
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<colspec colname='c1' colwidth="1.0*"/>
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<colspec colname='c2' colwidth="1.0*"/>
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<colspec colname='c3' colwidth="1.0*"/>
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<thead>
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<row rowsep='1'>
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<entry>Attribute</entry>
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<entry>Type</entry>
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<entry>Default</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>timeout</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>CARD32</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>60</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>group</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>XID or None</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>None</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>trust-level</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>{SecurityClientTrusted,</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para></para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>SecurityClientUntrusted}</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>SecurityClientUntrusted</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>event-mask</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>SecurityAuthorizationRevoked,</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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<row rowsep="1">
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<entry>
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<para></para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>or None</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>None</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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<para>
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timeout is the timeout period in seconds for this authorization. A
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timeout value of zero means this authorization will never expire. For
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non-zero timeout values, when timeout seconds have elapsed since the
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last time that the authorization entered the state of having no
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connections authorized by it, and if no new connections used the
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authorization during that time, the authorization is automatically purged.
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(Note that when an authorization is created, it enters the state of having no
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connections authorized by it.) Subsequent connection attempts using that
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authorization will fail. This is to facilitate "fire and forget" launching of
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applications.
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</para>
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<para>
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group is an application group ID as defined by the Application Group
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extension, or None. Any other values will cause a Value error. When a
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group is destroyed, all authorizations specifying that group are revoked
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as described under the SecurityRevokeAuthorization request. The Application
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Group extension attaches additional semantics to the group.
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</para>
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<para>
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trust-level tells whether clients using the authorization are trusted or
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untrusted. If trust-level is not one of the constants SecurityClientTrusted
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or SecurityClientUntrusted, a Value error results.
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</para>
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<para>
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event-mask defines which events the client is interested in for this
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authorization. When the authorization expires or is revoked if event-mask
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contains SecurityAuthorizationRevoked a SecurityAuthorizationRevoked event
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is reported to the client.
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</para>
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<para>
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The SecurityAuthorizationRevoked event contains the following field:
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</para>
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<informaltable frame='topbot'>
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<?dbfo keep-together="always" ?>
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<tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
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<colspec colname='c1' colwidth="1.0*"/>
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<colspec colname='c2' colwidth="1.5*"/>
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<thead>
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<row rowsep="1">
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<entry>Field</entry>
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<entry>Type</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para>authorization-id</para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>AUTHID</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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<para>
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where authorization-id is the identification of the authorization that was
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revoked.
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</para>
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<para>
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If an invalid value-mask is specified, a Value error occurs.
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</para>
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<para>
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The returned authorization-id is a non-zero value that uniquely identifies
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this authorization for use in other requests. The value space for type
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AUTHID is not required to be disjoint from values spaces of other core
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X types, e.g. resource ids, atoms, visual ids, and keysyms. Thus, a given
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numeric value might be both a valid AUTHID and a valid atom, for example.
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</para>
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<para>
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authorization-data-return is the data that a client should use in some
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authorization-method-specific way to make a connection with this
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authorization. For "MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1," authorization-data-return should
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be sent as the authorization-protocol-data in the connection setup message.
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It is not required that other authorization methods use
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authorization-data-return this way.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id='SecurityRevokeAuthorization'>
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<title>SecurityRevokeAuthorization</title>
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<para>
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This request deletes an authorization created by SecurityGenerateAuthorization.
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</para>
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<para>
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SecurityRevokeAuthorization
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</para>
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<informaltable frame='none'>
|
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<?dbfo keep-together="always" ?>
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<tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
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<colspec colname='c1' colwidth="1.0*"/>
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<colspec colname='c2' colwidth="1.5*"/>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry>
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<para><emphasis remap='I'>authorization-id</emphasis></para>
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</entry>
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<entry>
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<para>AUTHID</para>
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</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
|
|
|
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<para>
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Errors: <function>Authorization</function>
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</para>
|
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<para>
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If authorization-id does not name a valid authorization, an Authorization
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error occurs. Otherwise, this request kills all clients currently connected
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using the authorization specified by authorization-id. The authorization is
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deleted from the server's database, so future attempts by clients to connect
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with this authorization will fail.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id='Changes_to_Core_Requests'>
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<title>Changes to Core Requests</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
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A server supporting this extension modifies the handling of some core
|
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requests in the following ways.
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</para>
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|
<sect1 id='Resource_ID_Usage'>
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<title>Resource ID Usage</title>
|
|
|
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<para>
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If an untrusted client makes a request that specifies a resource ID that is
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not owned by another untrusted client, a protocol error is sent to the
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requesting client indicating that the specified resource does not exist.
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The following exceptions apply. An untrusted client can:
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</para>
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|
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|
<orderedlist>
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|
<listitem>
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|
<para>
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|
use the QueryTree, GetGeometry, and TranslateCoordinates requests
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|
without restriction.
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|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
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|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
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use colormap IDs that are returned in the default-colormap field of its
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connection setup information in any colormap requests.
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|
</para>
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|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
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|
<para>specify a root window as:</para>
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|
<orderedlist>
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|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
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|
the drawable field of CreatePixmap, CreateGC, and QueryBestSize.
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|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>the parent field of CreateWindow.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
the window field of CreateColormap, ListProperties, and GetWindowAttributes.
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|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>the grab-window or confine-to fields of GrabPointer.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>the grab-window field of UngrabButton.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
the destination of SendEvent, but only if all of the following are true.
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|
(These conditions cover all the events that the ICCCM specifies with
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|
a root window destination.)
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|
</para>
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>The propogate field of SendEvent is False.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The event-mask field of SendEvent is ColormapChange,
|
|
StructureNotify, or the logical OR of SubstructureRedirect with
|
|
SubstructureNotify.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The event type being sent is UnmapNotify, ConfigureRequest, or
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|
ClientMessage.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
the window field of ChangeWindowAttributes, but only if the value-mask
|
|
contains only event-mask and the corresponding value is StructureNotify,
|
|
PropertyChange, or the logical OR of both.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
ISSUE: are root window exceptions needed for these? WarpPointer, ReparentWindow
|
|
(parent), CirculateWindow, QueryPointer (emacs does this), GetMotionEvents.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
<sect1 id='Extension_Security'>
|
|
<title>Extension Security</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This extension introduces the notion of secure and insecure extensions. A
|
|
secure extension is believed to be safe to use by untrusted clients; that
|
|
is, there are no significant security concerns known that an untrusted
|
|
client could use to destroy, modify, or steal data of trusted clients. This
|
|
belief may be founded on a careful analysis of the extension protocol,
|
|
its implementation, and measures taken to "harden" the extension to close
|
|
security weaknesses. All extensions not considered secure are called
|
|
insecure. The implementation details of how an extension is identified as
|
|
secure or insecure are beyond the scope of this specification.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<function>ListExtensions</function> will only return names of secure
|
|
extensions to untrusted clients.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If an untrusted client uses <function>QueryExtension</function> on an
|
|
insecure extension that the server supports, the reply will have the
|
|
present field set to False and the major-opcode field set to zero to
|
|
indicate that the extension is not supported.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If an untrusted client successfully guesses the major opcode of an
|
|
insecure extension, attempts by it to execute requests with that major
|
|
opcode will fail with a Request error.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id='Keyboard_Security'>
|
|
<title>Keyboard Security</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The protocol interpretation changes in this section are intended to prevent
|
|
untrusted applications from stealing keyboard input that was meant for
|
|
trusted clients and to prevent them from interfering with the use of the
|
|
keyboard.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The behavior of some keyboard-related requests and events is modified when
|
|
the client is untrusted depending on certain server state at the time of
|
|
request execution or event generation. Specifically, if a hypothetical
|
|
keyboard event were generated given the current input focus, pointer
|
|
position, keyboard grab state, and window event selections, and if that
|
|
keyboard event would not be delivered to any untrusted client, the
|
|
following changes apply:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The bit vector representing the up/down state of the keys returned by
|
|
<function>QueryKeymap</function> and
|
|
<function>KeymapNotify</function> is all zeroes.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>GrabKeyboard returns a status of AlreadyGrabbed.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<function>SetInputFocus</function> does nothing. Note that this means the
|
|
Globally Active
|
|
Input and WM_TAKE_FOCUS mechanisms specified in the ICCCM will
|
|
not work with untrusted clients.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Passive grabs established by GrabKey that would otherwise have activated
|
|
do not activate.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If an untrusted client attempts to use any of the following requests, the
|
|
only effect is that the client receives an Access error: SetModifierMapping,
|
|
ChangeKeyboardMapping, ChangeKeyboardControl.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If an InputOnly window owned by an untrusted client has a parent owned by a
|
|
trusted client, all attempts to map the window will be ignored. This includes
|
|
mapping attempts resulting from MapWindow, MapSubwindows, ReparentWindow,
|
|
and save-set processing.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
However, if the parent of an InputOnly window owned by an untrusted client
|
|
is the root window, attempts to map that window will be performed as
|
|
expected. This is in line with the root window exceptions above.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id='Image_Security'>
|
|
<title>Image Security</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
It should be impossible for an untrusted client to retrieve the image
|
|
contents of a trusted window unless a trusted client takes action to allow
|
|
this. We introduce the following defenses in support of this requirement.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The restrictions on resource ID usage listed above prevent untrusted clients
|
|
from using GetImage directly on windows not belonging to trusted clients.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If an untrusted client tries to set the background-pixmap attribute of an
|
|
untrusted window to None, the server will instead use a server-dependent
|
|
background which must be different than None.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The X protocol description of <function>GetImage</function> states that the
|
|
returned contents of regions of a window obscured by noninferior windows are
|
|
undefined if the window has no backing store. Some implementations return the
|
|
contents of the obscuring windows in these regions. When an untrusted client
|
|
uses <function>GetImage</function>, this behavior is forbidden; the server must
|
|
fill the obscured regions in the returned image with a server-dependent pattern.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If an untrusted window has trusted inferiors, their contents are vulnerable
|
|
to theft via <function>GetImage</function> on the untrusted parent, as well
|
|
as being vulnerable to destruction via drawing with subwindow-mode
|
|
IncludeInferiors on the untrusted parent. An untrusted window having trusted
|
|
inferiors can only occur at the request of a trusted client. It is expected
|
|
to be an unusual configuration.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id='Property_Security'>
|
|
<title>Property Security</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Unlike the other security provisions described in this document, security for
|
|
property access is not amenable to a fixed policy because properties are
|
|
used for inter-client communication in diverse ways and may contain data of
|
|
varying degrees of sensitivity. Therefore, we only list the possible
|
|
restrictions the server may decide to impose on use of properties on trusted
|
|
windows by untrusted clients. How the server chooses which restrictions from
|
|
this list to apply to a particular property access is implementation dependent
|
|
<footnote><para>
|
|
In the X Consortium server implementation, property access is controlled by
|
|
a configuration file; see the -sp option in the Xserver(1) manual page.
|
|
</para></footnote>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The X Protocol property requests are
|
|
<function>ChangeProperty</function>,
|
|
<function>GetProperty</function>,
|
|
<function>DeleteProperty</function>,
|
|
<function>RotateProperties</function>, and
|
|
<function>ListProperties</function>. For these requests, the server can
|
|
allow the request to execute normally (as if it had been issued by a
|
|
trusted client), ignore the request completely (as if it were a NoOperation),
|
|
or ignore the request except to send an Atom error to the client. Ignoring
|
|
a <function>ListProperties</function> request means replying that
|
|
the window has no properties. <function>ListProperties</function> may also
|
|
reply with a subset of the existing properties if the server is doing
|
|
property hiding; see below. An ignored <function>GetProperty</function>
|
|
request may reply that the property does not exist, or that it exists but
|
|
contains no data.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The server may decide to hide certain properties on certain windows from
|
|
untrusted clients
|
|
<footnote><para>
|
|
The X Consortium server implementation does not currently provide a way to
|
|
hide properties.
|
|
</para></footnote>.
|
|
If a property is to be hidden, it must be done consistently to avoid
|
|
confusing clients. This means that for untrusted clients:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
That property should not be returned by
|
|
<function>ListProperties</function>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<function>PropertyNotify</function> events should not be sent for that
|
|
property.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<function>GetProperty</function> on that property should reply that the
|
|
property does not exist (the return type is None, the format and
|
|
bytes-after are zero, and the value is empty).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
For a property that the server is protecting but not hiding, consistency
|
|
must also be maintained:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
That property should be returned by <function>ListProperties</function>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<function>PropertyNotify</function> events should be sent for that property.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<function>GetProperty</function> on that property should reply that the
|
|
property exists (if it really does) but the value is empty
|
|
(return type and format are their real values, and the "length of value"
|
|
field in the reply is zero).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id='Miscellaneous_Security'>
|
|
<title>Miscellaneous Security</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If an untrusted client attempts to use
|
|
<function>ChangeHosts</function>,
|
|
<function>ListHosts</function>, or
|
|
<function>SetAccessControl</function>,
|
|
the only effect is that the client receives an Access error.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If an untrusted client attempts to use <function>ConvertSelection</function>
|
|
on a selection with a trusted selection owner window, the server generates
|
|
a SelectionNotify event to the requestor with property None.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id='New_Authorization_Method'>
|
|
<title>New Authorization Method</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This extension includes a new authorization method named
|
|
"XC-QUERY-SECURITY-1". Its purpose is to allow an external agent such as
|
|
the X firewall proxy to probe an X server to determine whether that server
|
|
meets certain security criteria without requiring the agent to have its
|
|
own authorization for that server. The agent may use the returned information
|
|
to make a decision. For example, the X firewall proxy may choose not to
|
|
forward client connections to servers that do not meet the criteria.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To use this authorization method, the client (or proxy) sends
|
|
"XC-QUERY-SECURITY-1" as the authorization-protocol-name in the initial
|
|
connection setup message. The authorization-protocol-data may be empty or
|
|
may contain additional security criteria desribed below. If the success
|
|
field of the server's reply is Authenticate, the server supports the
|
|
security extension, and the server meets all specified additional security
|
|
criteria. In this case, the client should resend the initial connection
|
|
setup message substituting the authorization protocol name and data
|
|
that should be used to authorize the connection. If the success field of the
|
|
server's reply is anything other than Authenticate, either the server does not
|
|
support the security extension, does not meet (or cannot determine if it
|
|
meets) all of the additional security criteria, or chooses for internal reasons
|
|
not to answer with Authenticate. In this case, the client should close the
|
|
connection.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the authorization-protocol-data sent with "XC-QUERY-SECURITY-1" is not
|
|
empty, it specifies additional security criteria for the server to check, as
|
|
follows.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<function>authorization-protocol-data</function>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<informaltable frame='none'>
|
|
<?dbfo keep-together="always" ?>
|
|
<tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
|
|
<colspec colname='c1' colwidth="1.0*"/>
|
|
<colspec colname='c2' colwidth="1.5*"/>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>policy-mask</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>BITMASK</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>policies</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>LISTofSECURITYPOLICY</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</informaltable>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The policy-mask field is any logical-OR combination of the constants
|
|
Extensions and SitePolicies. For each bit set in policy-mask, there is a
|
|
SECURITYPOLICY element in policies. The nth element in policies corresponds
|
|
to the nth 1-bit in policy-mask, counting upward from bit 0.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><function>SECURITYPOLICY</function></para>
|
|
|
|
<informaltable frame='none'>
|
|
<?dbfo keep-together="always" ?>
|
|
<tgroup cols='2' align='left' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
|
|
<colspec colname='c1' colwidth="1.0*"/>
|
|
<colspec colname='c2' colwidth="1.5*"/>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>policy-type</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>{Disallow, Permit}</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>names</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>LISTofSTR</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</informaltable>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
For a SECURITYPOLICY corresponding to policy-mask Extensions, if
|
|
policy-type is Disallow the server is required to consider as insecure
|
|
all extensions given in names. No policy is specified for extensions
|
|
not listed in names. If policy-type is Permit the server may consider
|
|
only those extensions given in names to be secure; all other extensions
|
|
must be treated as insecure. If these constraints are not met, the server
|
|
should not return Authenticate in the success field of the reply.
|
|
Servers can but need not dynamically configure themselves in response
|
|
to an Extensions SECURITYPOLICY; a conforming server might simply compare
|
|
the policy with a compiled-in table of extensions and their security status.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
For a SECURITYPOLICY corresponding to policy-mask SitePolicies, policy-type
|
|
Disallow means the server must not have been configured with any of the site
|
|
policies given in names. Policy-type Permit means the server must have
|
|
been configured with at least one of the site policies given in names. If
|
|
these constraints are not met, the server should not return Authenticate in
|
|
the success field of the reply.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
SitePolicies provide a way to express new forms of security-relevant
|
|
information that could not be anticipated at the time of this writing.
|
|
For example, suppose the server is found to have a critical security defect.
|
|
When a fix is developed, a site policy string could be associated with the
|
|
fix. Servers with the fix would advertise that site policy, and the X
|
|
firewall proxy would specify that site policy in a SECURITYPOLICY with
|
|
policy-type Permit.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
|
|
<chapter id='Encoding'>
|
|
<title>Encoding</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Please refer to the X11 Protocol Encoding document as this section
|
|
uses syntactic conventions and data types established there.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The name of this extension is "SECURITY".
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id='Types'>
|
|
<title>Types</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
AUTHID: CARD32
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id='Request_Encoding'>
|
|
<title>Request Encoding</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
SecurityQueryVersion
|
|
</para>
|
|
<literallayout remap='FD'>
|
|
1 CARD8 major-opcode
|
|
1 0 minor-opcode
|
|
2 2 request length
|
|
2 CARD16 client-major-version
|
|
2 CARD16 client-minor-version
|
|
=>
|
|
1 1 Reply
|
|
1 unused
|
|
2 CARD16 sequence number
|
|
4 0 reply length
|
|
2 CARD16 server-major-version
|
|
2 CARD16 server-minor-version
|
|
20 unused
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<function>SecurityRevokeAuthorization</function>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<literallayout remap='FD'>
|
|
1 CARD8 major-opcode
|
|
1 2 minor-opcode
|
|
2 2 request length
|
|
4 AUTHID authorization-id
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
SecurityGenerateAuthorization
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<literallayout remap='FD'>
|
|
1 CARD8 major-opcode
|
|
1 1 minor-opcode
|
|
2 3 + (m+n+3)/4 + s request length
|
|
2 CARD16 m, number of bytes in authorization protocol name
|
|
2 CARD16 n, number of bytes in authorization data
|
|
m STRING8 authorization protocol name
|
|
n STRING8 authorization protocol data
|
|
p unused, p=pad(m+n)
|
|
4 BITMASK value-mask (has s bits set to 1)
|
|
#x00000001 timeout
|
|
#x00000002 trust-level
|
|
#x00000004 group
|
|
#x00000008 event-mask
|
|
4s LISTofVALUE value-list
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
VALUES
|
|
</para>
|
|
<literallayout remap='FD'>
|
|
4 CARD32 timeout
|
|
4 trust-level
|
|
0 SecurityClientTrusted
|
|
1 SecurityClientUntrusted
|
|
4 XID group
|
|
0 None
|
|
4 CARD32 event-mask
|
|
#x00000001 SecurityAuthorizationRevoked
|
|
=>
|
|
1 1 Reply
|
|
1 unused
|
|
2 CARD16 sequence number
|
|
4 (q+3)/4 reply length
|
|
4 AUTHID authorization-id
|
|
2 CARD16 data-length
|
|
18 unused
|
|
q STRING8 authorization-data-return
|
|
r unused, r=pad(q)
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id='Event_Encoding'>
|
|
<title>Event Encoding</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<function>SecurityAuthorizationRevoked</function>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<literallayout remap='FD'>
|
|
1 0+extension event base code
|
|
1 unused
|
|
2 CARD16 sequence number
|
|
4 AUTHID authorization id
|
|
24 unused
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id='Authorization_Method_Encoding'>
|
|
<title>Authorization Method Encoding</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
For authorization-protocol-name "XC-QUERY-SECURITY-1", the
|
|
authorization-protocol-data is interpreted as follows:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<function>authorization-protocol-data</function>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<literallayout remap='FD'>
|
|
1 BITMASK policy-mask
|
|
#x00000001 Extensions
|
|
#x00000002 SitePolicies
|
|
m LISTofSECURITYPOLICY policies
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<function>SECURITYPOLICY</function>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<literallayout remap='FD'>
|
|
1 policy-type
|
|
0 Permit
|
|
1 Disallow
|
|
1 CARD8 number of STRs in names
|
|
n LISTofSTR names
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
LISTofSTR has the same encoding as in the X protocol: each STR is a single
|
|
byte length, followed by that many characters, and there is no padding or
|
|
termination between STRs.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
<chapter id='C_Language_Binding'>
|
|
<title>C Language Binding</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The header for this extension is <X11/extensions/security.h>. All
|
|
identifier names provided by this header begin with XSecurity.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
All functions that have return type Status will return nonzero for
|
|
success and zero for failure.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<funcsynopsis id='XSecurityQueryExtension'>
|
|
<funcprototype>
|
|
<funcdef>Status <function>XSecurityQueryExtension</function></funcdef>
|
|
<paramdef>Display <parameter> *dpy</parameter></paramdef>
|
|
<paramdef>int <parameter> *major_version_return</parameter></paramdef>
|
|
<paramdef>int <parameter> *minor_version_return</parameter></paramdef>
|
|
</funcprototype>
|
|
</funcsynopsis>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend='XSecurityQueryExtension' xrefstyle='select: title'/> sets major_version_return and
|
|
minor_version_return to the major and minor Security protocol version
|
|
supported by the server. If the Security library is compatible with the
|
|
version returned by the server, it returns nonzero. If dpy does not support
|
|
the Security extension, or if there was an error during communication with
|
|
the server, or if the server and library protocol versions are incompatible,
|
|
it returns zero. No other XSecurity functions may be called before this
|
|
function. If a client violates this rule, the effects of all subsequent
|
|
XSecurity calls that it makes are undefined.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<funcsynopsis id='XSecurityAllocXauth'>
|
|
<funcprototype>
|
|
<funcdef>Xauth *<function>XSecurityAllocXauth</function></funcdef>
|
|
<paramdef><parameter>void</parameter></paramdef>
|
|
</funcprototype>
|
|
</funcsynopsis>
|
|
<para>
|
|
In order to provide for future evolution, Xauth structures are used to
|
|
pass and return authorization data, and the library provides ways to
|
|
allocate and deallocate them.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend='XSecurityAllocXauth' xrefstyle='select: title'/> must be used to allocate the
|
|
Xauth structure that is passed to
|
|
<xref linkend='XSecurityGenerateAuthorization' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
For the purposes of the Security extension, the Xauth structure has
|
|
the following fields:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<informaltable frame='topbot'>
|
|
<?dbfo keep-together="always" ?>
|
|
<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
|
|
<colspec colname='c1' colwidth="1.0*"/>
|
|
<colspec colname='c2' colwidth="1.0*"/>
|
|
<colspec colname='c3' colwidth="3.0*"/>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<row rowsep="1">
|
|
<entry>Type</entry>
|
|
<entry>Field name</entry>
|
|
<entry>Description</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>unsigned short</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>name_length</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>number of bytes in name</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>char *</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>name</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>authorization protocol name</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>unsigned short</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>data_length</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>number of bytes in data</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row rowsep="1">
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>char *</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>data</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>authorization protocol data</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</informaltable>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The Xauth structure returned by this function is initialized as follows:
|
|
name_length and data_length are zero, and name and data are NULL.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<funcsynopsis id='XSecurityFreeXauth'>
|
|
<funcprototype>
|
|
<funcdef>void <function>XSecurityFreeXauth</function></funcdef>
|
|
<paramdef>Xauth<parameter> *auth</parameter></paramdef>
|
|
</funcprototype>
|
|
</funcsynopsis>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend='XSecurityFreeXauth' xrefstyle='select: title'/> must be used to free Xauth
|
|
structures allocated by
|
|
<xref linkend='XSecurityAllocXauth' xrefstyle='select: title'/> or returned by
|
|
<xref linkend='XSecurityGenerateAuthorization' xrefstyle='select: title'/>. It is the
|
|
caller's responsibility to fill in the name and data fields of Xauth structures
|
|
allocated with <xref linkend='XSecurityAllocXauth' xrefstyle='select: title'/>, so this function
|
|
will not attempt to free them. In contrast, all storage associated with
|
|
Xauth structures returned from
|
|
<xref linkend='XSecurityGenerateAuthorization' xrefstyle='select: title'/> will be freed by this
|
|
function, including the name and data fields.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<funcsynopsis id='XSecurityRevokeAuthorization'>
|
|
<funcprototype>
|
|
<funcdef>Bool <function>XSecurityRevokeAuthorization</function></funcdef>
|
|
<paramdef>Display<parameter> *dpy</parameter></paramdef>
|
|
<paramdef>XSecurityAuthorization<parameter> auth_id</parameter></paramdef>
|
|
</funcprototype>
|
|
</funcsynopsis>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend='XSecurityRevokeAuthorization' xrefstyle='select: title'/> deletes the authorization
|
|
specified by auth_id, which must be a value returned in the auth_id_return
|
|
parameter of <xref linkend='XSecurityGenerateAuthorization' xrefstyle='select: title'/>. All
|
|
clients that connected with that authorization are be killed. Subsequently,
|
|
clients that attempt to connect using that authorization will be refused.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<funcsynopsis id='XSecurityGenerateAuthorization'>
|
|
<funcprototype>
|
|
<funcdef>Xauth *<function>XSecurityGenerateAuthorization</function></funcdef>
|
|
<paramdef>Display<parameter> *dpy</parameter></paramdef>
|
|
<paramdef>Xauth<parameter> *auth_in</parameter></paramdef>
|
|
<paramdef>unsigned long<parameter> valuemask</parameter></paramdef>
|
|
<paramdef>XSecurityAutorizationAttributes <parameter> *attributes</parameter></paramdef>
|
|
<paramdef>XSecurityAutorization<parameter> *auth_id_return</parameter></paramdef>
|
|
</funcprototype>
|
|
</funcsynopsis>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend='XSecurityGenerateAuthorization' xrefstyle='select: title'/> creates a new
|
|
authorization with the specified attributes. The auth_in argument must be
|
|
allocated by <xref linkend='XSecurityAllocXauth' xrefstyle='select: title'/>. The
|
|
name and name_length fields of auth_in should be initialized to the
|
|
authorization protocol name and its length in characters respectively.
|
|
If there is authorization data, the data and data_length fields of
|
|
auth_in should be initialized to the data and its length in characters
|
|
respectivley. The library does not assume that name and data are
|
|
null-terminated strings. The auth_in argument must be freed with
|
|
<xref linkend='XSecurityFreeXauth' xrefstyle='select: title'/>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The XSecurityAuthorizationAttributes structure has the following fields:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<informaltable frame='topbot'>
|
|
<?dbfo keep-together="always" ?>
|
|
<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
|
|
<colspec colname='c1' colwidth="1.0*"/>
|
|
<colspec colname='c2' colwidth="1.0*"/>
|
|
<colspec colname='c3' colwidth="3.0*"/>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<row rowsep="1">
|
|
<entry>Type</entry>
|
|
<entry>Field name</entry>
|
|
<entry>Mask</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>unsigned int</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>trust_level</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>XSecurityTrustLevel</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>unsigned int</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>timeout</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>XSecurityTimeout</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>XID</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>group</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>XSecurityGroup</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row rowsep="1">
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>long</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>event_mask</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>XSecurityEventMask</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</informaltable>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
These correspond to the trust-level, timeout, group, and event-mask
|
|
described in the SecurityGenerateAuthorization protocol request. The
|
|
caller can fill in values for any subset of these attributes. The valuemask
|
|
argument must be the bitwise OR of the symbols listed in the Mask column
|
|
for all supplied attributes. The event_mask attribute can be None,
|
|
XSecurityAuthorizationRevokedMask, or XSecurityAllEventMasks. In this
|
|
revision of the protocol specification XSecurityAllEventMasks is equivalent
|
|
to XSecurityAuthorizationRevokedMask. If the caller does not need to
|
|
specify any attributes, the attributes argument can be NULL, and the
|
|
valuemask argument must be zero.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
If the function fails, NULL is returned and auth_id_return is filled in
|
|
with zero. Otherwise, a pointer to an Xauth structure is returned. The name
|
|
and name_length fields of the returned Xauth structure will be copies of the
|
|
name that was passed in, and the data and data_length fields will be set to
|
|
the authorization data returned by the server. The caller should not assume
|
|
that name and data are null-terminated strings. If no authorization data was
|
|
returned by the server, the data and data_length fields will be set to NULL
|
|
and zero repectively. The returned Xauth structure must be freed with
|
|
<xref linkend='XSecurityFreeXauth' xrefstyle='select: title'/>; the caller should not use any other
|
|
means free the structure or any of its components. The auth_id_return
|
|
argument will be filled in with the non-zero authorization id of the created
|
|
authorization.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The XSecurityAuthorizationRevokedEvent structure has the following fields:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<informaltable frame='topbot'>
|
|
<?dbfo keep-together="always" ?>
|
|
<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='0' rowsep='0'>
|
|
<colspec colname='c1' colwidth="1.0*"/>
|
|
<colspec colname='c2' colwidth="1.0*"/>
|
|
<colspec colname='c3' colwidth="3.0*"/>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<row rowsep="1">
|
|
<entry>Type</entry>
|
|
<entry>Field name</entry>
|
|
<entry>Description</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>int</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>type</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>event base + XSecurityAuthorizationRevoked</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>unsigned long</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>serial</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para># of last request processed by server</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>Bool</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>send_event</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>true if this came from SendEvent</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>Display*</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>display</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>Display the event was read from</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
<row rowsep="1">
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>XSecurityAuthorization</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>auth_id</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
<entry>
|
|
<para>revoked authorization id</para>
|
|
</entry>
|
|
</row>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</informaltable>
|
|
</chapter>
|
|
</book>
|