438 lines
15 KiB
Groff
438 lines
15 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1994 X Consortium
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.\"
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.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
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.\" a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
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.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
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.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
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.\" distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
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.\" permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
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.\" the following conditions:
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.\"
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.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
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.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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.\"
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.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
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.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE X CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
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.\" OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
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.\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
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.\" OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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.\"
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.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name of the X Consortium shall
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.\" not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or
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.\" other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization
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.\" from the X Consortium.
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.\"
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.\"
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.de EX \"Begin example
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.ne 5
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.if n .sp 1
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.if t .sp .5
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.nf
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.in +.5i
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..
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.de EE
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.fi
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.in -.5i
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.if n .sp 1
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.if t .sp .5
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..
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.TH XCALC 1 __xorgversion__
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.SH NAME
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xcalc \- scientific calculator for X
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B xcalc
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[-stipple] [-rpn] [-\fItoolkitoption...\fP]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I xcalc
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is a scientific calculator desktop accessory that can emulate a TI-30
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or an HP-10C.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.PP
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\fIxcalc\fP accepts all of the standard toolkit command line options along
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with two additional options:
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.PP
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.TP 8
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.B \-stipple
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This option indicates that the background of the calculator should be
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drawn using a stipple of the foreground and background colors. On monochrome
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displays improves the appearance.
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.PP
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.TP 8
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.B \-rpn
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This option indicates that Reverse Polish Notation should be used. In this
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mode the calculator will look and behave like an HP-10C. Without this flag,
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it will emulate a TI-30.
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.SH OPERATION
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.PP
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.I Pointer Usage:
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Operations may be performed with pointer button 1, or in some cases,
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with the keyboard.
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Many common calculator operations have keyboard accelerators.
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To quit, press pointer button 3 on the AC key of the TI calculator,
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or the ON key of the HP calculator.
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.PP
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.I Calculator Key Usage (TI mode):
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The numbered keys, the +/- key, and the +, -, *, /, and = keys all do exactly
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what you would expect them to. It should be noted that the operators obey
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the standard rules of precedence. Thus, entering "3+4*5=" results in "23",
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not "35". The parentheses can be used to override this. For example,
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"(1+2+3)*(4+5+6)=" results in "6*15=90".
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.PP
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The entire number in the calculator display can be selected, in order to
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paste the result of a calculation into text.
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.PP
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The action procedures associated with each function are given below. These
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are useful if you are interested in defining a custom calculator.
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The action used for all digit keys is \fBdigit(\fIn\fP)\fR, where \fIn\fR
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is the corresponding digit, 0..9.
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.TP 10
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.B 1/x
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Replaces the number in the display with its reciprocal.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBreciprocal()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B x^2
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Squares the number in the display.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBsquare()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B SQRT
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Takes the square root of the number in the display.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBsquareRoot()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B CE/C
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When pressed once, clears the number in the display without clearing the state
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of the machine. Allows you to re-enter a number if you make a mistake.
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Pressing it twice clears the state, also.
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The corresponding action procedure for TI mode is \fBclear()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B AC
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Clears the display, the state, and the memory. Pressing it with the third
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pointer button turns off the calculator, in that it exits the program.
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The action procedure to clear the state is \fBoff()\fR; to quit, \fBquit()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B INV
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Invert function. See the individual function keys for details.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBinverse()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B sin
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Computes the sine of the number in the display, as interpreted by the current
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DRG mode (see DRG, below). If inverted, it computes the arcsine.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBsine()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B cos
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Computes the cosine, or arccosine when inverted.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBcosine()\fP.
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.TP 10
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.B tan
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Computes the tangent, or arctangent when inverted.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBtangent()\fP.
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.TP 10
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.B DRG
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Changes the DRG mode, as indicated by 'DEG', 'RAD', or 'GRAD' at the bottom of
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of the calculator ``liquid crystal'' display.
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When in 'DEG' mode, numbers in the display are taken as being
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degrees. In 'RAD' mode, numbers are in radians, and in 'GRAD' mode, numbers
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are in grads. When inverted, the DRG key has a feature of
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converting degrees to radians to grads and vice-versa. Example: put the
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calculator into 'DEG' mode, and enter "45 INV DRG". The display should now
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show something along the lines of ".785398", which is 45 degrees converted to
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radians.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBdegree()\fP.
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.TP 10
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.B e
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The constant 'e'. (2.7182818...).
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBe()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B EE
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Used for entering exponential numbers. For example, to get "-2.3E-4" you'd
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enter "2 . 3 +/- EE 4 +/-".
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBscientific()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B log
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Calculates the log (base 10) of the number in the display. When inverted,
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it raises "10.0" to the number in the display.
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For example, entering "3 INV log" should result in "1000".
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBlogarithm()\fP.
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.TP 10
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.B ln
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Calculates the log (base e) of the number in the display. When inverted,
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it raises "e" to the number in the display. For example, entering "e ln"
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should result in "1".
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBnaturalLog()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B y^x
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Raises the number on the left to the power of the number on the right. For
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example "2 y^x 3 =" results in "8", which is 2^3. For a further example,
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"(1+2+3) y^x (1+2) =" equals "6 y^x 3" which equals "216".
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBpower()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B PI
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The constant 'pi'. (3.1415927....)
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBpi()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B x!
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Computes the factorial of the number in the display. The number in the display
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must be an integer in the range 0-500, though, depending on your math library,
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it might overflow long before that.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBfactorial()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B (
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Left parenthesis. The corresponding action procedure for TI calculators
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is \fBleftParen()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B )
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Right parenthesis. The corresponding action procedure for TI calculators
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is \fBrightParen()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B /
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Division. The corresponding action procedure is \fBdivide()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B *
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Multiplication. The corresponding action procedure is \fBmultiply()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B -
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Subtraction. The corresponding action procedure is \fBsubtract()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B +
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Addition. The corresponding action procedure is \fBadd()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B =
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Perform calculation. The TI-specific action procedure is \fBequal()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B STO
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Copies the number in the display to the memory location.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBstore()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B RCL
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Copies the number from the memory location to the display.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBrecall()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B SUM
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Adds the number in the display to the number in the memory location.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBsum()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B EXC
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Swaps the number in the display with the number in the memory location.
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The corresponding action procedure for the TI calculator is \fBexchange()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B +/-
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Negate; change sign. The corresponding action procedure is \fBnegate()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B .
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Decimal point. The action procedure is \fBdecimal()\fP.
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.sp
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.PP
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.I Calculator Key Usage (RPN mode):
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The number keys, CHS (change sign), +, -, *, /, and ENTR keys all do exactly
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what you would expect them to do. Many of the remaining keys are the same as
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in TI mode. The differences are detailed below. The action procedure
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for the ENTR key is \fBenter()\fR.
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.sp
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.TP 10
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.B <-
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This is a backspace key that can be used if you make a mistake while entering
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a number. It will erase digits from the display. (See BUGS).
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Inverse backspace will clear the X register.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBback()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B ON
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Clears the display, the state, and the memory. Pressing it with the third
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pointer button turns off the calculator, in that it exits the program.
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To clear state, the action procedure is \fBoff\fR; to quit, \fBquit()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B INV
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Inverts the meaning of the function keys. This would be the \fIf\fR key
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on an HP calculator, but \fIxcalc\fR does not display
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multiple legends on each key. See the individual function keys for details.
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.TP 10
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.B 10^x
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Raises "10.0" to the number in the top of the stack.
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When inverted, it calculates the log (base 10) of the number in the display.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBtenpower()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B e^x
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Raises "e" to the number in the top of the stack.
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When inverted, it calculates the log (base e) of the number in the display.
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The action procedure is \fBepower()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B STO
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Copies the number in the top of the stack to a memory location. There are 10
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memory locations. The desired memory is specified by following this
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key with a digit key.
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.TP 10
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.B RCL
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Pushes the number from the specified memory location onto the stack.
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.TP 10
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.B SUM
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Adds the number on top of the stack to the number in the specified
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memory location.
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.TP 10
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.B x:y
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Exchanges the numbers in the top two stack positions, the X and Y registers.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBXexchangeY()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.B R v
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Rolls the stack downward. When inverted, it rolls the stack upward.
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The corresponding action procedure is \fBroll()\fR.
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.TP 10
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.I blank
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These keys were used for programming functions on the HP-10C. Their
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functionality has not been duplicated in \fIxcalc\fR.
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.PP
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Finally, there are two additional action procedures:
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\fBbell()\fR, which rings the bell;
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and \fBselection()\fR, which performs a cut on the
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entire number in the calculator's ``liquid crystal'' display.
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.SH ACCELERATORS
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.PP
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Accelerators are shortcuts for entering commands. \fIxcalc\fP provides
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some sample keyboard accelerators; also users can customize accelerators.
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The numeric keypad accelerators provided by \fIxcalc\fP
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should be intuitively correct.
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The accelerators defined by \fIxcalc\fP on the main keyboard are given below:
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.PP
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.nf
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.ta .5i 1.0i 1.5i 2.0i 2.5i 3.0i 3.5i 4.0i 4.5i 5.0i 5.5i 6.0i 6.5i 7.0i
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TI Key HP Key Keyboard Accelerator TI Function HP Function
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SQRT SQRT r squareRoot() squareRoot()
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AC ON space clear() clear()
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AC <- Delete clear() back()
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AC <- Backspace clear() back()
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AC <- Control-H clear() back()
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AC Clear clear()
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AC ON q quit() quit()
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AC ON Control-C quit() quit()
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INV i i inverse() inverse()
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sin s s sine() sine()
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cos c c cosine() cosine()
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tan t t tangent() tangent()
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DRG DRG d degree() degree()
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e e e()
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ln ln l naturalLog() naturalLog()
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y^x y^x ^ power() power()
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PI PI p pi() pi()
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x! x! ! factorial() factorial()
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( ( leftParen()
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) ) rightParen()
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/ / / divide() divide()
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* * * multiply() multiply()
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- - - subtract() subtract()
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+ + + add() add()
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= = equal()
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0..9 0..9 0..9 digit() digit()
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. . . decimal() decimal()
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+/- CHS n negate() negate()
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x:y x XexchangeY()
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ENTR Return enter()
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ENTR Linefeed enter()
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.fi
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.PP
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.SH CUSTOMIZATION
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The application class name is XCalc.
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.PP
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\fIxcalc\fP has an enormous application defaults file which specifies
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the position, label, and function of each key on the calculator.
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It also gives translations to serve as keyboard accelerators.
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Because these resources are not specified in the source code, you can create
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a customized calculator by writing a private application defaults file,
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using the Athena Command and Form widget resources to specify the size and
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position of buttons, the label for each button, and the function of
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each button.
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.PP
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The foreground and background colors of each calculator key can be
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individually specified.
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For the TI calculator, a classical color resource specification might be:
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.sp
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.br
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XCalc.ti.Command.background: gray50
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.br
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XCalc.ti.Command.foreground: white
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.sp
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For each of buttons 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40, specify:
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.br
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XCalc.ti.button20.background: black
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.br
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XCalc.ti.button20.foreground: white
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.sp
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For each of buttons 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, and 39:
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.br
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XCalc.ti.button22.background: white
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.br
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XCalc.ti.button22.foreground: black
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.SH WIDGET HIERARCHY
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In order to specify resources, it is useful to know the hierarchy of
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the widgets which compose \fIxcalc\fR. In the notation below,
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indentation indicates hierarchical structure. The widget class name
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is given first, followed by the widget instance name.
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.nf
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.ta .5i 1.0i 1.5i 2.0i 2.5i 3.0i 3.5i 4.0i 4.5i 5.0i 5.5i 6.0i 6.5i 7.0i
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.sp
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XCalc xcalc
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Form ti \fIor\fR hp \fI(the name depends on the mode)\fR
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Form bevel
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Form screen
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Label M
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Toggle LCD
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Label INV
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Label DEG
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Label RAD
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Label GRAD
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Label P
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Command button1
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Command button2
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Command button3
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\fIand so on, ...\fR
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Command button38
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Command button39
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Command button40
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.fi
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.SH APPLICATION RESOURCES
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.PP
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.TP 8
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\fBrpn\fR (Class \fBRpn\fR)
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Specifies that the rpn mode should be used. The default is TI mode.
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.TP 8
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\fBstipple\fR (Class \fBStipple\fR)
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Indicates that the background should be stippled. The default is ``on''
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for monochrome displays, and ``off'' for color displays.
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.TP 8
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\fBcursor\fR (Class \fBCursor\fR)
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The name of the symbol used to represent the pointer.
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The default is ``hand2''.
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.fi
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.SH COLORS
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If you would like xcalc to use its ti colors, include the following
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in the #ifdef COLOR section of the file you read with xrdb:
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.sp 1
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*customization: -color
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.sp 1
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.br
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This will cause xcalc to pick up the colors in the app-defaults color
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customization file:
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.IR __apploaddir__/XCalc-color .
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.fi
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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X(__miscmansuffix__), xrdb(1), the Athena Widget Set
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.SH BUGS
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.PP
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HP mode is not completely debugged. In particular, the stack is
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not handled properly after errors.
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.SH COPYRIGHT
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Copyright 1994 X Consortium
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.br
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See \fIX(__miscmansuffix__)\fP for a full statement of rights and permissions.
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.SH AUTHORS
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John Bradley, University of Pennsylvania
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.br
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Mark Rosenstein, MIT Project Athena
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.br
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Donna Converse, MIT X Consortium
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