1138 lines
26 KiB
Groff
1138 lines
26 KiB
Groff
'\" t
|
|
.\" Copyright \(co 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1994, 1996 X Consortium
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
|
|
.\" a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
|
|
.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
|
|
.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
|
|
.\" distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
|
|
.\" permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
|
|
.\" the following conditions:
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
|
|
.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
|
|
.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
|
|
.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
|
|
.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE X CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
|
|
.\" OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
|
|
.\" ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
|
|
.\" OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name of the X Consortium shall
|
|
.\" not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or
|
|
.\" other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization
|
|
.\" from the X Consortium.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Copyright \(co 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 by
|
|
.\" Digital Equipment Corporation
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Portions Copyright \(co 1990, 1991 by
|
|
.\" Tektronix, Inc.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this documentation for
|
|
.\" any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
|
|
.\" copyright notice appears in all copies and that both that copyright notice
|
|
.\" and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that the names of
|
|
.\" Digital and Tektronix not be used in in advertising or publicity pertaining
|
|
.\" to this documentation without specific, written prior permission.
|
|
.\" Digital and Tektronix makes no representations about the suitability
|
|
.\" of this documentation for any purpose.
|
|
.\" It is provided ``as is'' without express or implied warranty.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\"
|
|
.ds xT X Toolkit Intrinsics \- C Language Interface
|
|
.ds xW Athena X Widgets \- C Language X Toolkit Interface
|
|
.ds xL Xlib \- C Language X Interface
|
|
.ds xC Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual
|
|
.na
|
|
.de Ds
|
|
.nf
|
|
.\\$1D \\$2 \\$1
|
|
.ft CW
|
|
.\".ps \\n(PS
|
|
.\".if \\n(VS>=40 .vs \\n(VSu
|
|
.\".if \\n(VS<=39 .vs \\n(VSp
|
|
..
|
|
.de De
|
|
.ce 0
|
|
.if \\n(BD .DF
|
|
.nr BD 0
|
|
.in \\n(OIu
|
|
.if \\n(TM .ls 2
|
|
.sp \\n(DDu
|
|
.fi
|
|
..
|
|
.de IN \" send an index entry to the stderr
|
|
..
|
|
.de Pn
|
|
.ie t \\$1\fB\^\\$2\^\fR\\$3
|
|
.el \\$1\fI\^\\$2\^\fP\\$3
|
|
..
|
|
.de ZN
|
|
.ie t \fB\^\\$1\^\fR\\$2
|
|
.el \fI\^\\$1\^\fP\\$2
|
|
..
|
|
.de hN
|
|
.ie t <\fB\\$1\fR>\\$2
|
|
.el <\fI\\$1\fP>\\$2
|
|
..
|
|
.ny0
|
|
'\" t
|
|
.TH XCreateGC __libmansuffix__ __xorgversion__ "XLIB FUNCTIONS"
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
XCreateGC, XCopyGC, XChangeGC, XGetGCValues, XFreeGC, XGContextFromGC, XGCValues \- create or free graphics contexts and graphics context structure
|
|
.SH SYNTAX
|
|
.HP
|
|
GC XCreateGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, Drawable \fId\fP\^, unsigned long
|
|
\fIvaluemask\fP\^, XGCValues *\^\fIvalues\fP\^);
|
|
.HP
|
|
int XCopyGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIsrc\fP\^,
|
|
unsigned long \fIvaluemask\fP\^, GC \fIdest\fP\^);
|
|
.HP
|
|
int XChangeGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIgc\fP\^, unsigned long
|
|
\fIvaluemask\fP\^, XGCValues *\^\fIvalues\fP\^);
|
|
.HP
|
|
Status XGetGCValues\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIgc\fP\^, unsigned long
|
|
\fIvaluemask\fP\^, XGCValues *\fIvalues_return\fP\^);
|
|
.HP
|
|
int XFreeGC\^(\^Display *\fIdisplay\fP\^, GC \fIgc\fP\^);
|
|
.HP
|
|
GContext XGContextFromGC\^(\^GC \fIgc\fP\^);
|
|
.SH ARGUMENTS
|
|
.IP \fId\fP 1i
|
|
Specifies the drawable.
|
|
.IP \fIdest\fP 1i
|
|
Specifies the destination GC.
|
|
.IP \fIdisplay\fP 1i
|
|
Specifies the connection to the X server.
|
|
.IP \fIgc\fP 1i
|
|
Specifies the GC.
|
|
.IP \fIsrc\fP 1i
|
|
Specifies the components of the source GC.
|
|
.ds Vm set, copied, changed, or returned
|
|
.IP \fIvaluemask\fP 1i
|
|
Specifies which components in the GC are to be \*(Vm.
|
|
This argument is the bitwise inclusive OR of zero or more of the valid
|
|
GC component mask bits.
|
|
.IP \fIvalues\fP 1i
|
|
Specifies any values as specified by the valuemask.
|
|
.IP \fIvalues_return\fP 1i
|
|
Returns the GC values in the specified
|
|
.ZN XGCValues
|
|
structure.
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
The
|
|
.ZN XCreateGC
|
|
function creates a graphics context and returns a GC.
|
|
The GC can be used with any destination drawable having the same root
|
|
and depth as the specified drawable.
|
|
Use with other drawables results in a
|
|
.ZN BadMatch
|
|
error.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.ZN XCreateGC
|
|
can generate
|
|
.ZN BadAlloc ,
|
|
.ZN BadDrawable ,
|
|
.ZN BadFont ,
|
|
.ZN BadMatch ,
|
|
.ZN BadPixmap ,
|
|
and
|
|
.ZN BadValue
|
|
errors.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The
|
|
.ZN XCopyGC
|
|
function copies the specified components from the source GC
|
|
to the destination GC.
|
|
The source and destination GCs must have the same root and depth,
|
|
or a
|
|
.ZN BadMatch
|
|
error results.
|
|
The valuemask specifies which component to copy, as for
|
|
.ZN XCreateGC .
|
|
.LP
|
|
.ZN XCopyGC
|
|
can generate
|
|
.ZN BadAlloc ,
|
|
.ZN BadGC ,
|
|
and
|
|
.ZN BadMatch
|
|
errors.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The
|
|
.ZN XChangeGC
|
|
function changes the components specified by valuemask for
|
|
the specified GC.
|
|
The values argument contains the values to be set.
|
|
The values and restrictions are the same as for
|
|
.ZN XCreateGC .
|
|
Changing the clip-mask overrides any previous
|
|
.ZN XSetClipRectangles
|
|
request on the context.
|
|
Changing the dash-offset or dash-list
|
|
overrides any previous
|
|
.ZN XSetDashes
|
|
request on the context.
|
|
The order in which components are verified and altered is server dependent.
|
|
If an error is generated, a subset of the components may have been altered.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.ZN XChangeGC
|
|
can generate
|
|
.ZN BadAlloc ,
|
|
.ZN BadFont ,
|
|
.ZN BadGC ,
|
|
.ZN BadMatch ,
|
|
.ZN BadPixmap ,
|
|
and
|
|
.ZN BadValue
|
|
errors.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The
|
|
.ZN XGetGCValues
|
|
function returns the components specified by valuemask for the specified GC.
|
|
If the valuemask contains a valid set of GC mask bits
|
|
.Pn ( GCFunction ,
|
|
.ZN GCPlaneMask ,
|
|
.ZN GCForeground ,
|
|
.ZN GCBackground ,
|
|
.ZN GCLineWidth ,
|
|
.ZN GCLineStyle ,
|
|
.ZN GCCapStyle ,
|
|
.ZN GCJoinStyle ,
|
|
.ZN GCFillStyle ,
|
|
.ZN GCFillRule ,
|
|
.ZN GCTile ,
|
|
.ZN GCStipple ,
|
|
.ZN GCTileStipXOrigin ,
|
|
.ZN GCTileStipYOrigin ,
|
|
.ZN GCFont ,
|
|
.ZN GCSubwindowMode ,
|
|
.ZN GCGraphicsExposures ,
|
|
.ZN GCClipXOrigin ,
|
|
.ZN GCCLipYOrigin ,
|
|
.ZN GCDashOffset ,
|
|
or
|
|
.ZN GCArcMode )
|
|
and no error occurs,
|
|
.ZN XGetGCValues
|
|
sets the requested components in values_return and returns a nonzero status.
|
|
Otherwise, it returns a zero status.
|
|
Note that the clip-mask and dash-list (represented by the
|
|
.ZN GCClipMask
|
|
and
|
|
.ZN GCDashList
|
|
bits, respectively, in the valuemask)
|
|
cannot be requested.
|
|
Also note that an invalid resource ID (with one or more of the three
|
|
most significant bits set to 1) will be returned for
|
|
.ZN GCFont ,
|
|
.ZN GCTile ,
|
|
and
|
|
.ZN GCStipple
|
|
if the component has never been explicitly set by the client.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The
|
|
.ZN XFreeGC
|
|
function destroys the specified GC as well as all the associated storage.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.ZN XFreeGC
|
|
can generate a
|
|
.ZN BadGC
|
|
error.
|
|
.SH STRUCTURES
|
|
The
|
|
.ZN XGCValues
|
|
structure contains:
|
|
.LP
|
|
.LP
|
|
/\&* GC attribute value mask bits */
|
|
.TS
|
|
lw(.5i) lw(2.5i) lw(.75i).
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCFunction
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<0)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCPlaneMask
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<1)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCForeground
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<2)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCBackground
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<3)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCLineWidth
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<4)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCLineStyle
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<5)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCCapStyle
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<6)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCJoinStyle
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<7)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCFillStyle
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<8)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCFillRule
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<9)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCTile
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<10)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCStipple
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<11)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCTileStipXOrigin
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<12)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCTileStipYOrigin
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<13)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCFont
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<14)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCSubwindowMode
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<15)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCGraphicsExposures
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<16)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCClipXOrigin
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<17)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCClipYOrigin
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<18)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCClipMask
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<19)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCDashOffset
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<20)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCDashList
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<21)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
\&#define
|
|
T} T{
|
|
.ZN GCArcMode
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(1L<<22)
|
|
T}
|
|
.TE
|
|
.IN "XGCValues" "" "@DEF@"
|
|
.Ds 0
|
|
/\&* Values */
|
|
|
|
typedef struct {
|
|
int function; /\&* logical operation */
|
|
unsigned long plane_mask; /\&* plane mask */
|
|
unsigned long foreground; /\&* foreground pixel */
|
|
unsigned long background; /\&* background pixel */
|
|
int line_width; /\&* line width (in pixels) */
|
|
int line_style; /\&* LineSolid, LineOnOffDash, LineDoubleDash */
|
|
int cap_style; /\&* CapNotLast, CapButt, CapRound, CapProjecting */
|
|
int join_style; /\&* JoinMiter, JoinRound, JoinBevel */
|
|
int fill_style; /\&* FillSolid, FillTiled, FillStippled FillOpaqueStippled*/
|
|
int fill_rule; /\&* EvenOddRule, WindingRule */
|
|
int arc_mode; /\&* ArcChord, ArcPieSlice */
|
|
Pixmap tile; /\&* tile pixmap for tiling operations */
|
|
Pixmap stipple; /\&* stipple 1 plane pixmap for stippling */
|
|
int ts_x_origin; /\&* offset for tile or stipple operations */
|
|
int ts_y_origin;
|
|
Font font; /\&* default text font for text operations */
|
|
int subwindow_mode; /\&* ClipByChildren, IncludeInferiors */
|
|
Bool graphics_exposures; /\&* boolean, should exposures be generated */
|
|
int clip_x_origin; /\&* origin for clipping */
|
|
int clip_y_origin;
|
|
Pixmap clip_mask; /\&* bitmap clipping; other calls for rects */
|
|
int dash_offset; /\&* patterned/dashed line information */
|
|
char dashes;
|
|
} XGCValues;
|
|
.De
|
|
.LP
|
|
The function attributes of a GC are used when you update a section of
|
|
a drawable (the destination) with bits from somewhere else (the source).
|
|
The function in a GC defines how the new destination bits are to be
|
|
computed from the source bits and the old destination bits.
|
|
.ZN GXcopy
|
|
is typically the most useful because it will work on a color display,
|
|
but special applications may use other functions,
|
|
particularly in concert with particular planes of a color display.
|
|
The 16 GC functions, defined in
|
|
.hN X11/X.h ,
|
|
are:
|
|
.\" are listed in Table 5-1 along with the
|
|
.\"the associated hexadecimal code
|
|
.\" and operation.
|
|
.\".CP T 1
|
|
.\"Display Functions
|
|
.TS
|
|
lw(1.5i) cw(.5i) lw(2i).
|
|
_
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
.B
|
|
Function Name Value Operation
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
_
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXclear
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0x0
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXand
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0x1
|
|
T} T{
|
|
src AND dst
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXandReverse
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0x2
|
|
T} T{
|
|
src AND NOT dst
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXcopy
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0x3
|
|
T} T{
|
|
src
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXandInverted
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0x4
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(NOT src) AND dst
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXnoop
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0x5
|
|
T} T{
|
|
dst
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXxor
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0x6
|
|
T} T{
|
|
src XOR dst
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXor
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0x7
|
|
T} T{
|
|
src OR dst
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXnor
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0x8
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(NOT src) AND (NOT dst)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXequiv
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0x9
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(NOT src) XOR dst
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXinvert
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0xa
|
|
T} T{
|
|
NOT dst
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXorReverse
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0xb
|
|
T} T{
|
|
src OR (NOT dst)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXcopyInverted
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0xc
|
|
T} T{
|
|
NOT src
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXorInverted
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0xd
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(NOT src) OR dst
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXnand
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0xe
|
|
T} T{
|
|
(NOT src) OR (NOT dst)
|
|
T}
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN GXset
|
|
T} T{
|
|
0xf
|
|
T} T{
|
|
1
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
_
|
|
.TE
|
|
.LP
|
|
Many graphics operations depend on either pixel values or planes in a GC.
|
|
.IN "Pixel value"
|
|
The planes attribute is of type long, and it specifies which planes of the
|
|
destination are to be modified, one bit per plane.
|
|
.IN "Plane" "mask"
|
|
A monochrome display has only one plane and
|
|
will be the least significant bit of the word.
|
|
As planes are added to the display hardware, they will occupy more
|
|
significant bits in the plane mask.
|
|
.LP
|
|
In graphics operations, given a source and destination pixel,
|
|
the result is computed bitwise on corresponding bits of the pixels.
|
|
That is, a Boolean operation is performed in each bit plane.
|
|
The plane_mask restricts the operation to a subset of planes.
|
|
A macro constant
|
|
.ZN AllPlanes
|
|
can be used to refer to all planes of the screen simultaneously.
|
|
The result is computed by the following:
|
|
.LP
|
|
.Ds
|
|
((src FUNC dst) AND plane-mask) OR (dst AND (NOT plane-mask))
|
|
.De
|
|
.LP
|
|
Range checking is not performed on the values for foreground,
|
|
background, or plane_mask.
|
|
They are simply truncated to the appropriate
|
|
number of bits.
|
|
The line-width is measured in pixels and either can be greater than or equal to
|
|
one (wide line) or can be the special value zero (thin line).
|
|
.LP
|
|
Wide lines are drawn centered on the path described by the graphics request.
|
|
Unless otherwise specified by the join-style or cap-style,
|
|
the bounding box of a wide line with endpoints [x1, y1], [x2, y2] and
|
|
width w is a rectangle with vertices at the following real coordinates:
|
|
.LP
|
|
.Ds
|
|
[x1-(w*sn/2), y1+(w*cs/2)], [x1+(w*sn/2), y1-(w*cs/2)],
|
|
[x2-(w*sn/2), y2+(w*cs/2)], [x2+(w*sn/2), y2-(w*cs/2)]
|
|
.De
|
|
.LP
|
|
Here sn is the sine of the angle of the line,
|
|
and cs is the cosine of the angle of the line.
|
|
A pixel is part of the line and so is drawn
|
|
if the center of the pixel is fully inside the bounding box
|
|
(which is viewed as having infinitely thin edges).
|
|
If the center of the pixel is exactly on the bounding box,
|
|
it is part of the line if and only if the interior is immediately to its right
|
|
(x increasing direction).
|
|
Pixels with centers on a horizontal edge are a special case and are part of
|
|
the line if and only if the interior or the boundary is immediately below
|
|
(y increasing direction) and the interior or the boundary is immediately
|
|
to the right (x increasing direction).
|
|
.LP
|
|
Thin lines (zero line-width) are one-pixel-wide lines drawn using an
|
|
unspecified, device-dependent algorithm.
|
|
There are only two constraints on this algorithm.
|
|
.IP 1. 5
|
|
If a line is drawn unclipped from [x1,y1] to [x2,y2] and
|
|
if another line is drawn unclipped from [x1+dx,y1+dy] to [x2+dx,y2+dy],
|
|
a point [x,y] is touched by drawing the first line
|
|
if and only if the point [x+dx,y+dy] is touched by drawing the second line.
|
|
.IP 2. 5
|
|
The effective set of points comprising a line cannot be affected by clipping.
|
|
That is, a point is touched in a clipped line if and only if the point
|
|
lies inside the clipping region and the point would be touched
|
|
by the line when drawn unclipped.
|
|
.LP
|
|
A wide line drawn from [x1,y1] to [x2,y2] always draws the same pixels
|
|
as a wide line drawn from [x2,y2] to [x1,y1], not counting cap-style
|
|
and join-style.
|
|
It is recommended that this property be true for thin lines,
|
|
but this is not required.
|
|
A line-width of zero may differ from a line-width of one in which pixels are
|
|
drawn.
|
|
This permits the use of many manufacturers' line drawing hardware,
|
|
which may run many times faster than the more precisely specified
|
|
wide lines.
|
|
.LP
|
|
In general,
|
|
drawing a thin line will be faster than drawing a wide line of width one.
|
|
However, because of their different drawing algorithms,
|
|
thin lines may not mix well aesthetically with wide lines.
|
|
If it is desirable to obtain precise and uniform results across all displays,
|
|
a client should always use a line-width of one rather than a line-width of zero.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The line-style defines which sections of a line are drawn:
|
|
.TS
|
|
lw(1.3i) lw(4.5i).
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN LineSolid
|
|
T} T{
|
|
The full path of the line is drawn.
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN LineDoubleDash
|
|
T} T{
|
|
The full path of the line is drawn,
|
|
but the even dashes are filled differently
|
|
from the odd dashes (see fill-style) with
|
|
.ZN CapButt
|
|
style used where even and odd dashes meet.
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN LineOnOffDash
|
|
T} T{
|
|
Only the even dashes are drawn,
|
|
and cap-style applies to
|
|
all internal ends of the individual dashes,
|
|
except
|
|
.ZN CapNotLast
|
|
is treated as
|
|
.ZN CapButt .
|
|
T}
|
|
.TE
|
|
.LP
|
|
The cap-style defines how the endpoints of a path are drawn:
|
|
.IN "Graphics context" "path"
|
|
.TS
|
|
lw(1.3i) lw(4.5i).
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN CapNotLast
|
|
T} T{
|
|
This is equivalent to
|
|
.ZN CapButt
|
|
except that for a line-width of zero the final endpoint is not drawn.
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN CapButt
|
|
T} T{
|
|
The line is square at the endpoint (perpendicular to the slope of the line)
|
|
with no projection beyond.
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN CapRound
|
|
T} T{
|
|
The line has a circular arc with the diameter equal to the line-width,
|
|
centered on the endpoint.
|
|
(This is equivalent to
|
|
.ZN CapButt
|
|
for line-width of zero).
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN CapProjecting
|
|
T} T{
|
|
The line is square at the end, but the path continues beyond the endpoint
|
|
for a distance equal to half the line-width.
|
|
(This is equivalent to
|
|
.ZN CapButt
|
|
for line-width of zero).
|
|
T}
|
|
.TE
|
|
.LP
|
|
The join-style defines how corners are drawn for wide lines:
|
|
.TS
|
|
lw(1.3i) lw(4.5i).
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN JoinMiter
|
|
T} T{
|
|
The outer edges of two lines extend to meet at an angle.
|
|
However, if the angle is less than 11 degrees,
|
|
then a
|
|
.ZN JoinBevel
|
|
join-style is used instead.
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN JoinRound
|
|
T} T{
|
|
The corner is a circular arc with the diameter equal to the line-width,
|
|
centered on the joinpoint.
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN JoinBevel
|
|
T} T{
|
|
The corner has
|
|
.ZN CapButt
|
|
endpoint styles with the triangular notch filled.
|
|
T}
|
|
.TE
|
|
.LP
|
|
For a line with coincident endpoints (x1=x2, y1=y2),
|
|
when the cap-style is applied to both endpoints,
|
|
the semantics depends on the line-width and the cap-style:
|
|
.TS
|
|
lw(1.3i) lw(.5i) lw(4i).
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN CapNotLast
|
|
T} T{
|
|
thin
|
|
T} T{
|
|
The results are device dependent,
|
|
but the desired effect is that nothing is drawn.
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN CapButt
|
|
T} T{
|
|
thin
|
|
T} T{
|
|
The results are device dependent,
|
|
but the desired effect is that a single pixel is drawn.
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN CapRound
|
|
T} T{
|
|
thin
|
|
T} T{
|
|
The results are the same as for
|
|
.ZN CapButt /thin.
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN CapProjecting
|
|
T} T{
|
|
thin
|
|
T} T{
|
|
The results are the same as for
|
|
.ZN CapButt /thin.
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN CapButt
|
|
T} T{
|
|
wide
|
|
T} T{
|
|
Nothing is drawn.
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN CapRound
|
|
T} T{
|
|
wide
|
|
T} T{
|
|
The closed path is a circle, centered at the endpoint, and
|
|
with the diameter equal to the line-width.
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN CapProjecting
|
|
T} T{
|
|
wide
|
|
T} T{
|
|
The closed path is a square, aligned with the coordinate axes, centered at the
|
|
endpoint, and with the sides equal to the line-width.
|
|
T}
|
|
.TE
|
|
.LP
|
|
For a line with coincident endpoints (x1=x2, y1=y2),
|
|
when the join-style is applied at one or both endpoints,
|
|
the effect is as if the line was removed from the overall path.
|
|
However, if the total path consists of or is reduced to a single point joined
|
|
with itself, the effect is the same as when the cap-style is applied at both
|
|
endpoints.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The tile/stipple represents an infinite two-dimensional plane,
|
|
with the tile/stipple replicated in all dimensions.
|
|
When that plane is superimposed on the drawable
|
|
for use in a graphics operation, the upper-left corner
|
|
of some instance of the tile/stipple is at the coordinates within
|
|
the drawable specified by the tile/stipple origin.
|
|
The tile/stipple and clip origins are interpreted relative to the
|
|
origin of whatever destination drawable is specified in a graphics
|
|
request.
|
|
The tile pixmap must have the same root and depth as the GC,
|
|
or a
|
|
.ZN BadMatch
|
|
error results.
|
|
The stipple pixmap must have depth one and must have the same root as the
|
|
GC, or a
|
|
.ZN BadMatch
|
|
error results.
|
|
For stipple operations where the fill-style is
|
|
.ZN FillStippled
|
|
but not
|
|
.ZN FillOpaqueStippled ,
|
|
the stipple pattern is tiled in a
|
|
single plane and acts as an additional clip mask to be ANDed with the clip-mask.
|
|
Although some sizes may be faster to use than others,
|
|
any size pixmap can be used for tiling or stippling.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The fill-style defines the contents of the source for line, text, and
|
|
fill requests.
|
|
For all text and fill requests (for example,
|
|
.ZN XDrawText ,
|
|
.ZN XDrawText16 ,
|
|
.ZN XFillRectangle ,
|
|
.ZN XFillPolygon ,
|
|
and
|
|
.ZN XFillArc );
|
|
for line requests
|
|
with line-style
|
|
.ZN LineSolid
|
|
(for example,
|
|
.ZN XDrawLine ,
|
|
.ZN XDrawSegments ,
|
|
.ZN XDrawRectangle ,
|
|
.ZN XDrawArc );
|
|
and for the even dashes for line requests with line-style
|
|
.ZN LineOnOffDash
|
|
or
|
|
.ZN LineDoubleDash ,
|
|
the following apply:
|
|
.TS
|
|
lw(1.8i) lw(4i).
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN FillSolid
|
|
T} T{
|
|
Foreground
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN FillTiled
|
|
T} T{
|
|
Tile
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN FillOpaqueStippled
|
|
T} T{
|
|
A tile with the same width and height as stipple,
|
|
but with background everywhere stipple has a zero
|
|
and with foreground everywhere stipple has a one
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN FillStippled
|
|
T} T{
|
|
Foreground masked by stipple
|
|
T}
|
|
.TE
|
|
.LP
|
|
When drawing lines with line-style
|
|
.ZN LineDoubleDash ,
|
|
the odd dashes are controlled by the fill-style in the following manner:
|
|
.TS
|
|
lw(1.8i) lw(4i).
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN FillSolid
|
|
T} T{
|
|
Background
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN FillTiled
|
|
T} T{
|
|
Same as for even dashes
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN FillOpaqueStippled
|
|
T} T{
|
|
Same as for even dashes
|
|
T}
|
|
.sp 6p
|
|
T{
|
|
.ZN FillStippled
|
|
T} T{
|
|
Background masked by stipple
|
|
T}
|
|
.TE
|
|
.LP
|
|
Storing a pixmap in a GC might or might not result in a copy
|
|
being made.
|
|
If the pixmap is later used as the destination for a graphics request,
|
|
the change might or might not be reflected in the GC.
|
|
If the pixmap is used simultaneously in a graphics request both as
|
|
a destination and as a tile or stipple,
|
|
the results are undefined.
|
|
.LP
|
|
For optimum performance,
|
|
you should draw as much as possible with the same GC
|
|
(without changing its components).
|
|
The costs of changing GC components relative to using different GCs
|
|
depend on the display hardware and the server implementation.
|
|
It is quite likely that some amount of GC information will be
|
|
cached in display hardware and that such hardware can only cache a small number
|
|
of GCs.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The dashes value is actually a simplified form of the
|
|
more general patterns that can be set with
|
|
.ZN XSetDashes .
|
|
Specifying a
|
|
value of N is equivalent to specifying the two-element list [N, N] in
|
|
.ZN XSetDashes .
|
|
The value must be nonzero,
|
|
or a
|
|
.ZN BadValue
|
|
error results.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The clip-mask restricts writes to the destination drawable.
|
|
If the clip-mask is set to a pixmap,
|
|
it must have depth one and have the same root as the GC,
|
|
or a
|
|
.ZN BadMatch
|
|
error results.
|
|
If clip-mask is set to
|
|
.ZN None ,
|
|
the pixels are always drawn regardless of the clip origin.
|
|
The clip-mask also can be set by calling the
|
|
.ZN XSetClipRectangles
|
|
or
|
|
.ZN XSetRegion
|
|
functions.
|
|
Only pixels where the clip-mask has a bit set to 1 are drawn.
|
|
Pixels are not drawn outside the area covered by the clip-mask
|
|
or where the clip-mask has a bit set to 0.
|
|
The clip-mask affects all graphics requests.
|
|
The clip-mask does not clip sources.
|
|
The clip-mask origin is interpreted relative to the origin of whatever
|
|
destination drawable is specified in a graphics request.
|
|
.LP
|
|
You can set the subwindow-mode to
|
|
.ZN ClipByChildren
|
|
or
|
|
.ZN IncludeInferiors .
|
|
For
|
|
.ZN ClipByChildren ,
|
|
both source and destination windows are
|
|
additionally clipped by all viewable
|
|
.ZN InputOutput
|
|
children.
|
|
For
|
|
.ZN IncludeInferiors ,
|
|
neither source nor destination window is clipped by inferiors.
|
|
This will result in including subwindow contents in the source
|
|
and drawing through subwindow boundaries of the destination.
|
|
The use of
|
|
.ZN IncludeInferiors
|
|
on a window of one depth with mapped
|
|
inferiors of differing depth is not illegal, but the semantics are
|
|
undefined by the core protocol.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The fill-rule defines what pixels are inside (drawn) for
|
|
paths given in
|
|
.ZN XFillPolygon
|
|
requests and can be set to
|
|
.ZN EvenOddRule
|
|
or
|
|
.ZN WindingRule .
|
|
For
|
|
.ZN EvenOddRule ,
|
|
a point is inside if
|
|
an infinite ray with the point as origin crosses the path an odd number
|
|
of times.
|
|
For
|
|
.ZN WindingRule ,
|
|
a point is inside if an infinite ray with the
|
|
point as origin crosses an unequal number of clockwise and
|
|
counterclockwise directed path segments.
|
|
A clockwise directed path segment is one that crosses the ray from left to
|
|
right as observed from the point.
|
|
A counterclockwise segment is one that crosses the ray from right to left
|
|
as observed from the point.
|
|
The case where a directed line segment is coincident with the ray is
|
|
uninteresting because you can simply choose a different ray that is not
|
|
coincident with a segment.
|
|
.LP
|
|
For both
|
|
.ZN EvenOddRule
|
|
and
|
|
.ZN WindingRule ,
|
|
a point is infinitely small,
|
|
and the path is an infinitely thin line.
|
|
A pixel is inside if the center point of the pixel is inside
|
|
and the center point is not on the boundary.
|
|
If the center point is on the boundary,
|
|
the pixel is inside if and only if the polygon interior is immediately to
|
|
its right (x increasing direction).
|
|
Pixels with centers on a horizontal edge are a special case
|
|
and are inside if and only if the polygon interior is immediately below
|
|
(y increasing direction).
|
|
.LP
|
|
The arc-mode controls filling in the
|
|
.ZN XFillArcs
|
|
function and can be set to
|
|
.ZN ArcPieSlice
|
|
or
|
|
.ZN ArcChord .
|
|
For
|
|
.ZN ArcPieSlice ,
|
|
the arcs are pie-slice filled.
|
|
For
|
|
.ZN ArcChord ,
|
|
the arcs are chord filled.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The graphics-exposure flag controls
|
|
.ZN GraphicsExpose
|
|
event generation
|
|
for
|
|
.ZN XCopyArea
|
|
and
|
|
.ZN XCopyPlane
|
|
requests (and any similar requests defined by extensions).
|
|
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
.TP 1i
|
|
.ZN BadAlloc
|
|
The server failed to allocate the requested resource or server memory.
|
|
.TP 1i
|
|
.ZN BadDrawable
|
|
A value for a Drawable argument does not name a defined Window or Pixmap.
|
|
.TP 1i
|
|
.ZN BadFont
|
|
A value for a Font or GContext argument does not name a defined Font.
|
|
.TP 1i
|
|
.ZN BadGC
|
|
A value for a GContext argument does not name a defined GContext.
|
|
.TP 1i
|
|
.ZN BadMatch
|
|
An
|
|
.ZN InputOnly
|
|
window is used as a Drawable.
|
|
.TP 1i
|
|
.ZN BadMatch
|
|
Some argument or pair of arguments has the correct type and range but fails
|
|
to match in some other way required by the request.
|
|
.TP 1i
|
|
.ZN BadPixmap
|
|
A value for a Pixmap argument does not name a defined Pixmap.
|
|
.TP 1i
|
|
.ZN BadValue
|
|
Some numeric value falls outside the range of values accepted by the request.
|
|
Unless a specific range is specified for an argument, the full range defined
|
|
by the argument's type is accepted. Any argument defined as a set of
|
|
alternatives can generate this error.
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
AllPlanes(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XCopyArea(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XCreateRegion(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XDrawArc(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XDrawLine(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XDrawRectangle(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XDrawText(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XFillRectangle(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XQueryBestSize(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XSetArcMode(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XSetClipOrigin(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XSetFillStyle(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XSetFont(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XSetLineAttributes(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XSetState(__libmansuffix__),
|
|
XSetTile(__libmansuffix__)
|
|
.br
|
|
\fI\*(xL\fP
|