.\"	$OpenBSD: cwm.1,v 1.43 2009/08/24 23:54:41 oga Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2004,2005 Marius Aamodt Eriksen <marius@monkey.org>
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
.\"
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: August 24 2009 $
.Dt CWM 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm cwm
.Nd a lightweight and efficient window manager for X11
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.\" For a program:  program [-abc] file ...
.Nm cwm
.Op Fl c Ar file
.Op Fl d Ar display
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
is a window manager for X11 which contains many features that
concentrate on the efficiency and transparency of window management.
.Nm
also aims to maintain the simplest and most pleasant aesthetic.
.Pp
The following notation is used throughout this page:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
.It Ic C
Control.
.It Ic M
Meta.
.It Ic S
Shift.
.It Ic M1
Left mouse button.
.It Ic M2
Middle mouse button.
.It Ic M3
Right mouse button.
.El
.Pp
.Nm
is very simple in its use.
Most of the actions are initiated via key bindings.
The current key bindings are described below;
their functionality is described in more detail later.
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "CM-EscapeXXXXX" -offset indent -compact
.It Ic CM-Return
Spawn a new terminal.
.It Ic CM-Delete
Lock the screen.
.It Ic M-Return
Hide current window.
.It Ic M-Down
Lower current window.
.It Ic M-Up
Raise current window.
.It Ic M-/
Search for windows.
.It Ic C-/
Search for applications.
.It Ic CM-n
Label current window.
.It Ic M-Tab
Cycle through currently visible windows.
.It Ic MS-Tab
Reverse cycle through currently visible windows.
.It Ic CM-x
Delete current window.
.It Ic CM-[n]
Select group n, where n is 1-9.
.It Ic CM-0
Select all groups.
.It Ic CM-g
Toggle group membership of current window.
.It Ic M-Right
Cycle through active groups.
.It Ic M-Left
Reverse cycle through active groups.
.It Ic CM-f
Toggle full-screen size of current window.
.It Ic CM-=
Toggle vertical maximization of current window.
.It Ic CMS-=
Toggle horizontal maximization of current window.
.It Ic M-?
Spawn
.Dq exec program
dialog.
.It Ic M-.
Spawn
.Dq ssh to
dialog.
This parses
.Pa $HOME/.ssh/known_hosts
to provide host auto-completion.
.Xr ssh 1
will be executed via the configured terminal emulator.
.It Ic CM-w
Spawn
.Dq exec WindowManager
dialog; allows you to switch from
.Nm
to another window manager without restarting the X server.
.It Ic CMS-r
Reload configuration.
.It Ic CMS-q
Quit
.Nm .
.El
.Pp
The mouse bindings are also important, they are:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
.It Ic M-M1
Move current window.
.It Ic CM-M1
Toggle group membership of current window.
.It Ic M-M2
Resize current window
.It Ic M-M3
Lower current window.
.It Ic CMS-M3
Hide current window.
.El
.Pp
The options for
.Nm
are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl c Ar file
Specify the config file to use.  Defaults to
.Pa ~/.cwmrc .
.It Fl d Ar display
Specify the display to use.
.El
.Sh POINTER MOVEMENT
The pointer can be moved with the use of the keyboard through bindings.
.Ic C-[Up|Down|Left|Right]
moves the pointer a small amount, while
.Ic CS-[Up|Down|Left|Right]
moves the pointer a larger amount.
For example, to move the pointer to the left by a small amount,
press
.Ic C-Left .
To move the pointer down by a larger amount, press
.Ic CS-Down .
.Sh WINDOW MOVEMENT AND RESIZING
.Nm
windows can be moved with the use of the keyboard through
.Cm vi Ns -like
bindings.
.Ic M-[hjkl]
moves the current window a small amount, while
.Ic MS-[hjkl]
moves the current window a larger amount.
For example, to move the current window to the left a small amount, press
.Ic M-h .
To move the current window down by a larger amount, press
.Ic MS-j .
.Pp
Similarly, windows may be resized with the same key bindings with the addition
of the Control key.
.Ic CM-[hjkl]
resizes the window a small amount and
.Ic CMS-[hjkl]
resizes by a larger increment.
.Sh SEARCH
.Nm
features the ability to search for windows by their current title,
old titles, and by their label.
The priority for the search results are: label, current title,
old titles in reverse order, and finally window class name.
.Nm
keeps a history of the 5 previous titles of a window.
.Pp
When searching, the leftmost character of the result list may show a
flag:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width 10n -offset -indent -compact
.It !
The window is the currently focused window.
.It &
The window is hidden.
.El
.Pp
The following key bindings may be used to navigate the result list:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "[Down] or C-s or M-j" -offset indent -compact
.It Ic [Down], C-s No or Ic M-j
Select the next window in the list.
.It Ic [Up], C-r No or Ic M-k
Select the previous window in the list.
.It Ic [Backspace] No or Ic C-h
Backspace.
.It Ic C-u
Clear the input.
.It Ic [Return]
Focus the selected window.
.It Ic [Esc]
Cancel.
.It Ic C-a
Whenever there are no matching windows, list every window.
.El
.Sh GROUPS
.Nm
has the ability to group windows together, and use the groups to
perform operations on the entire group instead of just one window.
Currently, the only operation that is supported is to hide and unhide
the grouped windows.
Together with the
.Pa sticky
option, this can be used to emulate virtual desktops.
.Pp
To edit groups, use the group selection commands to toggle membership
of a group.
A blue border will be shown briefly on windows added to the current group,
and a red border will be shown on those just removed.
.Sh MENUS
Menus are recalled by clicking the mouse on the root window:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width 10n -offset -indent -compact
.It Ic M1
Show list of currently hidden windows.
Clicking on an item will unhide that window.
.It Ic M2
Show list of currently defined groups.
Clicking on an item will hide/unhide that group.
.It Ic M3
Show list of applications as defined in
.Pa ~/.cwmrc .
Clicking on an item will spawn that application.
.El
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
.Bl -tag -width "DISPLAYXXX"
.It DISPLAY
.Nm
starts on this display unless the
.Fl d
option is given.
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Pa ~/.cwmrc
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr cwmrc 5
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
.Pp
.Nm
was developed by
.An Marius Aamodt Eriksen Aq marius@monkey.org
with contributions from
.An Andy Adamson Aq dros@monkey.org ,
.An Niels Provos Aq provos@monkey.org ,
and
.An Antti Nykänen Aq aon@iki.fi .
Ideas, discussion with many others.
.Sh HISTORY
.Nm
was originally inspired by evilwm, but was rewritten from scratch
due to limitations in the evilwm codebase.
The from-scratch rewrite borrowed some code from 9wm, however that code
has since been removed or rewritten.
.Pp
.Nm
first appeared in
.Ox 4.2 .