345 lines
13 KiB
HTML
345 lines
13 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<html lang="en">
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<HEAD>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
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<TITLE>FAQ XPM</TITLE>
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</HEAD>
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<body>
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<h1 align="center">The XPM<br>
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Frequently Asked Questions</h1>
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<p>
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This article contains the answers to some Frequently Asked Questions about the
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XPM format and/or library. If you don't find the answer to your problem here,
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then you can mail either to lehors@sophia.inria.fr or to the mailing list
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xpm-talk@sophia.inria.fr.
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<h2>Contents</h2>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#Q1">How do I convert my images to or from XPM ?</a>
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<li><a href="#Q2">Why are my XPM files said to be invalid ?</a>
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<li><a href="#Q3">Why does my program core dumps using XPM ?</a>
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<li><a href="#Q4">Why does my program core dumps using XPM with a widget ?</a>
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<li><a href="#Q5">How can I get a non rectangular icon using XPM ?</a>
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<li><a href="#Q6">What exactly triggers the creation of a mask when using XPM ?</a>
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<li><a href="#Q7">How should I use the mask ?</a>
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<li><a href="#Q8">Is there a string to pixmap converter somewhere ?</a>
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<li><a href="#Q9">How can I edit XPM icons ?</a>
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<li><a href="#Q10">Is there a collection of icons somewhere ?</a>
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<li><a href="#Q11">The documentation fails to print out. Why ?</a>
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<li><a href="#copy">Copyright</a>
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</ol>
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<h2><a name="Q1">1. How do I convert my images to or from XPM ?</a></h2>
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<p>
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Netpbm is surely the best image conversion package that I know of. It defines
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formats for color, gray and monochrome images and provides a set of filters.
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Thus a GIF image can be converted to XPM with something like:
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<p>
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$ giftoppm youricon.gif | ppmtoxpm > youricon.xpm
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<p>
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The latest release can be found at least from wuarchive.wustl.edu
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(128.252.135.4), directory /graphics/graphics/packages/NetPBM
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<h2><a name="Q2">2. Why are my XPM files said to be invalid ?</a></h2>
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<p>
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There are three official versions of the XPM format. The XPM library since
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version 3.3 can read all them but writes out only XPM 3. Also the small
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program called sxpm which is part of the XPM library package can be used to
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automatically translate XPM 1 and 2 files to XPM 3 with a command such as:
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<p>
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$ sxpm -nod yourxpm1or2file -o yourxpm3file
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<p>
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Also, the XPM format defines "None" to be the color name meaning
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"transparent", but IXI used to hack the XPM library in its early days to
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handle transparency as "#Transparent". This makes IXI format not compatible
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with the official XPM format, and so not readable neither by the official XPM
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library nor any of the programs built on top of it.
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<p>
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The only solutions are either to stick on IXI programs which can deal with
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their format or convert your files to the standard XPM format. This can be
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done simply by changing "#Transparent" to "None".
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<h2><a name="Q3">3. Why does my program core dumps using XPM ?</a></h2>
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<p>
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Be sure the XpmAttributes structure you pass by reference has a valid
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valuemask. You can give NULL instead if you don't want to use an
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XpmAttributes but if you do, you MUST initialize its valuemask component to
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some valid value, at least 0, otherwise unpredictable errors can occur.
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<p>
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So instead of doing something like:
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<pre>
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XpmAttributes attrib;
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XpmReadFileToPixmap(dpy, d, filename, &pixmap, &mask, &attrib);
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</pre>
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<p>
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you should do:
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<pre>
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XpmAttributes attrib;
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attrib.valuemask = 0;
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XpmReadFileToPixmap(dpy, d, filename, &pixmap, &mask, &attrib);
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</pre>
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<h2><a name="Q4">4. Why does my program core dumps using XPM with a widget ?</a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li>First the XPM library is Xlib level, so don't pass your widget as a
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Drawable parameter. A Drawable is either a Window or a Pixmap. The widget's
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window can do the job but:
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<li>Then a widget only gets a Window when realized, so passing XtWindow(widget)
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with a not yet realized widget is wrong. Either realize you widget first or
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use another window. Since the Drawable parameter is only used to specify
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the screen to which the pixmap must be created on, most of the time the
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default root window is just fine.
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</ul>
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<h2><a name="Q5">5. How can I get a non rectangular icon using XPM ?</a></h2>
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<p>
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The X Window System does not support transparent color. However there are
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several ways you can use to get the same visual effect using XPM:
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<ul>
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<li>First you can use the None color to get a shape mask and use it as
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explained below (question 7).
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<li>Second you can define a symbolic color name such as "mask" in the XPM
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format file, then use the color overriding mechanism to set this symbolic
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color to the color of the underlying object. Note that in this case the XPM
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library won't create a shape mask, and that if the color of the underlying
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object is changed then you'll have to create a new pixmap.
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</ul>
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<h2><a name="Q6">6. What exactly triggers the creation of a mask when using XPM ?</a></h2>
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<p>
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Basically a mask is created if "None" is used as one of the color of the
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pixmap. Be aware that this is not only true if it is used in the XPM of the
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pixmap since the colors can be overridden at load time. So a mask is created
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if the "None" color is used at load time, coming either from the XPM
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definition or the color overriding.
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<h2><a name="Q7">7. How should I use the mask ?</a></h2>
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<p>
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There are basically two ways of using the mask:
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<ul>
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<li>Use the mask as a shapemask with the X11 Nonrectangular Saphe Window
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Extension. Typically this is what should be done when the icon is used in a
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desktop.
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<li>Use the mask as a clipmask in the GC you pass to XCopyArea when drawing the
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pixmap. So the "transparent" pixels being not actually drawn will get the
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underlying pixels colors.
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</ul>
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<h2><a name="Q8">8. Is there a string to pixmap converter for Motif ?</a></h2>
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<p>
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Yes, Motif 2.0 or later does support XPM pixmaps as well as XBM bitmaps.
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<h2><a name="Q9">9. How can I edit XPM icons ?</a></h2>
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<p>
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As listed below several editors either commercial or not are supporting the
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XPM format. However, pixmap is the one I would recommend since it is freely
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available and, being fully dedicated to XPM, it allows to edit all the
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special things, such as the symbolic color names, which makes XPM different
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from all the other image formats. Pixmap can always be found by ftp from
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ftp.x.org (contrib) and avahi.inria.fr (pub/pixmap).
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<p>
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Last Update: 3 August 1994
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<table border=1>
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<caption>XPM Icon Editors</caption>
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<tr><th>Program<th>Infos<th>Source/Author<th>Platforms<th>SA<th>XPM<th>cost
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<tr><td>pixmap<td><ul>
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<li><a href="ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/application/pixmap/pixmap2.6.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/application/pixmap/pixmap2.6.tar.gz</a>
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<li>requires 3.4 or higher revision of Xpm lib.
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<li>supports all XPM format features
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<li>current version doesn't work on 24-plane displays
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</ul>
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<td>Lionel Mallet<td>source<td>yes<td>3<td>NC
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<tr><td>pixt<td><ul>
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<li><a href="ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/pixt.tar.Z">ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/pixt.tar.Z</a>
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<li>doesn't work on 24-plane displays
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<li>last updated November 1991
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</ul>
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<td>J. Michael Flanery<td>source<td>yes<td>1<td>NC
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<tr><td>pixed<td><ul>
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<li>part of X.desktop
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<li>current version doesn't work on 24-plane displays
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</ul>
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<td>IXI<td>Many UNIX<td>no<td>3<td>N/A
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<tr><td>olpixmap<td><ul>
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<li>packaged with the OLIT (OpenLook) toolkit
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</ul>
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<td>USL<td>Sun, SVR4.2, UnixWare<td>no<td>1<td>N/A
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<tr><td>xfedor<td><ul>
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<li>only uses XLIB
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<li>doesn't work on 24-plane displays
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</ul>
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<td>Daniel Dardailler<td>source<td>yes<td>3<td>NC
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<tr><td>SCOpaint<td><ul>
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<li>included with the ODT package
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</ul>
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<td>SCO/Wing Eng<td>ODT<td>yes<td>2.8<td>N/A
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<tr><td>pme.icn<td><ul>
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<li>written in the Icon language
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</ul>
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<td>Icon Project<td>source<td>yes<td>3<td>NC
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<tr><td>PixEditT<td><ul>
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<li>there is currently no support for editing the colormap
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</ul>
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<td>Free Widget Foundation<td>source<td>yes<td>3<td>NC
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<tr><td>xscribble<td><ul>
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<li>requires the FWF, 8-bit pseudocolor
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<li><a href="ftp://ftp.cis.ufl.edu/pub/thoth">ftp://ftp.cis.ufl.edu/pub/thoth</a>
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<li>Alpha version (last updated April 1993)
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</ul>
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<td>Robert Forsman<td>source<td>yes<td>?<td>NC
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<tr><td>vueicon<td><ul>
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<li>included with Vue3.0
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</ul>
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<td>Hewlett-Packard<td>HP<td>yes<td>3<td>N/A
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<tr><td>iconedit V3<td> <td>SunSoft<td>Sparc/Sun3<td>yes<td>2<td>N/A
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<tr><td>Pixmap Editor<td><ul>
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<li>this is a Widget, not a complete program
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</ul>
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<td>ICS<td>?<td>yes<td>?<td>?
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<tr><td>ezX<td> <td>Sunrise Softwarey<td>?<td>?<td>?<td>N/A
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<tr><td>XPaint<td><ul>
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<li>full featured, works on all displays
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<li>current release is 2.1.1 (last update January 1994)
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</ul>
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<td>David Koblas<td>source<td>yes<td>3<td>NC
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<tr><td>Phoenix<td><ul>
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<li>full featured, 24-bit painting program, requires Motif.
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<li><a href="ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/graphics/packages/phoenix">ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/graphics/packages/phoenix</a>
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<li>Beta version (last updated September 1993)
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</ul>
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<td>ohtcolor@niksula.hut.fi<td>source<td>yes<td>3<td>NC
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<tr><td>pixed<td><ul>
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<li>pixed is part of the TeleUSE UIMS
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<li>More info is available from service@ignite.alsys.com
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</ul>
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<td>Alsys<td>Many UNIX<td>yes<td>3<td>N/A
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<tr><td>display<td><ul>
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<li><a href="ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/application/ImageMagick/ImageMagick-3.2.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/application/ImageMagick/ImageMagick-3.2.tar.gz</a>
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<li>lots of image conversion and manipulation features
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</ul>
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<td>John Cristy<td>source<td>yes<td>3<td>NC
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</table>
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<p>
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SA - Stand Alone program<br>
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NC - No Charge (i.e. free); most programs are copyrighted.<br>
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XPM - XPM format supported<br>
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source - built from source code; likely works on all standard X platforms<br>
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N/A - icon editor is normally distributed with other software
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<p>
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Send updates, additions, corrections, etc. to <a
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href="mailto:dan@bristol.com">dan@bristol.com</a>
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<h2><a name="Q10">10. Is there a collection of icons somewhere ?</a></h2>
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<p>
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At least there is one freely available: Anthony's X Icon Library. You can
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found it on several ftp servers, such as <a href="ftp://server.berkeley.edu/pub/AIcons">server.berkeley.edu/pub/AIcons</a>. It
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contains only small icons (less than about 100x100 pixels in size) which are
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stored in groups in a logical way. Color icons are stored in XPM format and
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Black & White icons in XBM.
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<h2><a name="Q11">11. The documentation fails to print out. Why ?</a></h2>
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<p>
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The PostScript documentation file is formatted for US letter paper. Frame
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Maker tries very hard to ensure that you have the right paper and punts if
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you don't. However, you can easily work around this problem by applying the
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following patch. If for some reason applying the patch fails, you can still
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do it by hand. Just locate the corresponding block in the PS file and remove
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the lines with a leading '-' character.
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By the way, this applies to any doc generated by Frame Maker. The
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corresponding block might be slightly different depending on which version of
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Frame Maker was used, but it is still easy to locate.
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<pre>
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*** xpm.PS Wed Sep 11 15:47:43 1996
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--- xpm-A4.PS Thu Nov 21 09:27:28 1996
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***************
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*** 647,668 ****
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0 ne /edown exch def
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/yscale exch def
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/xscale exch def
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- FMLevel1 {
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- manualfeed {setmanualfeed} if
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- /FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def
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- /FMoptop count def
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- setpapername
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- manualfeed {true} {papersize} ifelse
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- {manualpapersize} {false} ifelse
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- {desperatepapersize} {false} ifelse
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- { (Can't select requested paper size for Frame print job!) FMFAILURE } if
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- count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for
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- countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for
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- }
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- {{1 dict dup /PageSize [paperwidth paperheight]put setpagedevice}stopped
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- { (Can't select requested paper size for Frame print job!) FMFAILURE } if
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- {1 dict dup /ManualFeed manualfeed put setpagedevice } stopped pop }
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- ifelse
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FMPColor {
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currentcolorscreen
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--- 647,652 ----
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</pre>
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<hr>
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<h2><a name="copy">Copyright (C) 1989-95 GROUPE BULL</a></h2>
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<p>
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Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
|
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of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
|
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|
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deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
|
||
|
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rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
|
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|
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sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
|
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|
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furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
|
||
|
|
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
|
||
|
|
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
|
||
|
|
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
|
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|
|
GROUPE BULL BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
|
||
|
|
AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
|
||
|
|
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Except as contained in this notice, the name of GROUPE BULL shall not be
|
||
|
|
used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings
|
||
|
|
in this Software without prior written authorization from GROUPE BULL.
|
||
|
|
</body>
|
||
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</html>
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