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mirror of https://github.com/golang/go synced 2024-11-06 22:46:14 -07:00
go/dashboard/app/build/handler.go
Andrew Gerrand c21a767b2c go.tools/dashboard/app: reject /commit requests from old builders
This is so that we don't corrupt our commit history with reports
from old builders, after the migration to the latest build dashboard.

LGTM=dvyukov
R=dvyukov
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/130300043
2014-08-20 21:45:01 +10:00

841 lines
23 KiB
Go

// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// +build appengine
package build
import (
"bytes"
"crypto/hmac"
"crypto/md5"
"encoding/json"
"errors"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"net/http"
"strings"
"unicode/utf8"
"appengine"
"appengine/datastore"
"cache"
"key"
)
const commitsPerPage = 30
// commitHandler retrieves commit data or records a new commit.
//
// For GET requests it returns a Commit value for the specified
// packagePath and hash.
//
// For POST requests it reads a JSON-encoded Commit value from the request
// body and creates a new Commit entity. It also updates the "tip" Tag for
// each new commit at tip.
//
// This handler is used by a gobuilder process in -commit mode.
func commitHandler(r *http.Request) (interface{}, error) {
c := contextForRequest(r)
com := new(Commit)
if r.Method == "GET" {
com.PackagePath = r.FormValue("packagePath")
com.Hash = r.FormValue("hash")
if err := datastore.Get(c, com.Key(c), com); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting Commit: %v", err)
}
// Strip potentially large and unnecessary fields.
com.ResultData = nil
com.PerfResults = nil
return com, nil
}
if r.Method != "POST" {
return nil, errBadMethod(r.Method)
}
if !isMasterKey(c, r.FormValue("key")) {
return nil, errors.New("can only POST commits with master key")
}
// POST request
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
r.Body.Close()
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading Body: %v", err)
}
if !bytes.Contains(body, needsBenchmarkingBytes) {
c.Warningf("old builder detected at %v", r.RemoteAddr)
return nil, fmt.Errorf("rejecting old builder request, body does not contain %s: %q", needsBenchmarkingBytes, body)
}
if err := json.Unmarshal(body, com); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshaling body %q: %v", body, err)
}
com.Desc = limitStringLength(com.Desc, maxDatastoreStringLen)
if err := com.Valid(); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("validating Commit: %v", err)
}
defer cache.Tick(c)
tx := func(c appengine.Context) error {
return addCommit(c, com)
}
return nil, datastore.RunInTransaction(c, tx, nil)
}
var needsBenchmarkingBytes = []byte(`"NeedsBenchmarking"`)
// addCommit adds the Commit entity to the datastore and updates the tip Tag.
// It must be run inside a datastore transaction.
func addCommit(c appengine.Context, com *Commit) error {
var tc Commit // temp value so we don't clobber com
err := datastore.Get(c, com.Key(c), &tc)
if err != datastore.ErrNoSuchEntity {
// if this commit is already in the datastore, do nothing
if err == nil {
return nil
}
return fmt.Errorf("getting Commit: %v", err)
}
// get the next commit number
p, err := GetPackage(c, com.PackagePath)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("GetPackage: %v", err)
}
com.Num = p.NextNum
p.NextNum++
if _, err := datastore.Put(c, p.Key(c), p); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("putting Package: %v", err)
}
// if this isn't the first Commit test the parent commit exists
if com.Num > 0 {
n, err := datastore.NewQuery("Commit").
Filter("Hash =", com.ParentHash).
Ancestor(p.Key(c)).
Count(c)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("testing for parent Commit: %v", err)
}
if n == 0 {
return errors.New("parent commit not found")
}
}
// update the tip Tag if this is the Go repo and this isn't on a release branch
if p.Path == "" && !strings.HasPrefix(com.Desc, "[release-branch") {
t := &Tag{Kind: "tip", Hash: com.Hash}
if _, err = datastore.Put(c, t.Key(c), t); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("putting Tag: %v", err)
}
}
// put the Commit
if _, err = datastore.Put(c, com.Key(c), com); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("putting Commit: %v", err)
}
if com.NeedsBenchmarking {
// add to CommitRun
cr, err := GetCommitRun(c, com.Num)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if err = cr.AddCommit(c, com); err != nil {
return err
}
// create PerfResult
res := &PerfResult{CommitHash: com.Hash, CommitNum: com.Num}
if _, err := datastore.Put(c, res.Key(c), res); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("putting PerfResult: %v", err)
}
// Update perf todo if necessary.
if err = AddCommitToPerfTodo(c, com); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
// tagHandler records a new tag. It reads a JSON-encoded Tag value from the
// request body and updates the Tag entity for the Kind of tag provided.
//
// This handler is used by a gobuilder process in -commit mode.
func tagHandler(r *http.Request) (interface{}, error) {
if r.Method != "POST" {
return nil, errBadMethod(r.Method)
}
t := new(Tag)
defer r.Body.Close()
if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(t); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if err := t.Valid(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
c := contextForRequest(r)
defer cache.Tick(c)
_, err := datastore.Put(c, t.Key(c), t)
return nil, err
}
// Todo is a todoHandler response.
type Todo struct {
Kind string // "build-go-commit" or "build-package"
Data interface{}
}
// todoHandler returns the next action to be performed by a builder.
// It expects "builder" and "kind" query parameters and returns a *Todo value.
// Multiple "kind" parameters may be specified.
func todoHandler(r *http.Request) (interface{}, error) {
c := contextForRequest(r)
now := cache.Now(c)
key := "build-todo-" + r.Form.Encode()
var todo *Todo
if cache.Get(r, now, key, &todo) {
return todo, nil
}
var err error
builder := r.FormValue("builder")
for _, kind := range r.Form["kind"] {
var com *Commit
switch kind {
case "build-go-commit":
com, err = buildTodo(c, builder, "", "")
if com != nil {
com.PerfResults = []string{}
}
case "build-package":
packagePath := r.FormValue("packagePath")
goHash := r.FormValue("goHash")
com, err = buildTodo(c, builder, packagePath, goHash)
if com != nil {
com.PerfResults = []string{}
}
case "benchmark-go-commit":
com, err = perfTodo(c, builder)
}
if com != nil || err != nil {
if com != nil {
// ResultData can be large and not needed on builder.
com.ResultData = []string{}
}
todo = &Todo{Kind: kind, Data: com}
break
}
}
if err == nil {
cache.Set(r, now, key, todo)
}
return todo, err
}
// buildTodo returns the next Commit to be built (or nil if none available).
//
// If packagePath and goHash are empty, it scans the first 20 Go Commits in
// Num-descending order and returns the first one it finds that doesn't have a
// Result for this builder.
//
// If provided with non-empty packagePath and goHash args, it scans the first
// 20 Commits in Num-descending order for the specified packagePath and
// returns the first that doesn't have a Result for this builder and goHash.
func buildTodo(c appengine.Context, builder, packagePath, goHash string) (*Commit, error) {
p, err := GetPackage(c, packagePath)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
t := datastore.NewQuery("Commit").
Ancestor(p.Key(c)).
Limit(commitsPerPage).
Order("-Num").
Run(c)
for {
com := new(Commit)
if _, err := t.Next(com); err == datastore.Done {
break
} else if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if com.Result(builder, goHash) == nil {
return com, nil
}
}
// Nothing left to do if this is a package (not the Go tree).
if packagePath != "" {
return nil, nil
}
// If there are no Go tree commits left to build,
// see if there are any subrepo commits that need to be built at tip.
// If so, ask the builder to build a go tree at the tip commit.
// TODO(adg): do the same for "weekly" and "release" tags.
tag, err := GetTag(c, "tip")
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Check that this Go commit builds OK for this builder.
// If not, don't re-build as the subrepos will never get built anyway.
com, err := tag.Commit(c)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if r := com.Result(builder, ""); r != nil && !r.OK {
return nil, nil
}
pkgs, err := Packages(c, "subrepo")
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
for _, pkg := range pkgs {
com, err := pkg.LastCommit(c)
if err != nil {
c.Warningf("%v: no Commit found: %v", pkg, err)
continue
}
if com.Result(builder, tag.Hash) == nil {
return tag.Commit(c)
}
}
return nil, nil
}
// perfTodo returns the next Commit to be benchmarked (or nil if none available).
func perfTodo(c appengine.Context, builder string) (*Commit, error) {
p := &Package{}
todo := &PerfTodo{Builder: builder}
err := datastore.Get(c, todo.Key(c), todo)
if err != nil && err != datastore.ErrNoSuchEntity {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetching PerfTodo: %v", err)
}
if err == datastore.ErrNoSuchEntity {
todo, err = buildPerfTodo(c, builder)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
if len(todo.CommitNums) == 0 {
return nil, nil
}
// Have commit to benchmark, fetch it.
num := todo.CommitNums[len(todo.CommitNums)-1]
t := datastore.NewQuery("Commit").
Ancestor(p.Key(c)).
Filter("Num =", num).
Limit(1).
Run(c)
com := new(Commit)
if _, err := t.Next(com); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if !com.NeedsBenchmarking {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("commit from perf todo queue is not intended for benchmarking")
}
// Remove benchmarks from other builders.
var benchs []string
for _, b := range com.PerfResults {
bb := strings.Split(b, "|")
if bb[0] == builder && bb[1] != "meta-done" {
benchs = append(benchs, bb[1])
}
}
com.PerfResults = benchs
return com, nil
}
// buildPerfTodo creates PerfTodo for the builder with all commits. In a transaction.
func buildPerfTodo(c appengine.Context, builder string) (*PerfTodo, error) {
todo := &PerfTodo{Builder: builder}
tx := func(c appengine.Context) error {
err := datastore.Get(c, todo.Key(c), todo)
if err != nil && err != datastore.ErrNoSuchEntity {
return fmt.Errorf("fetching PerfTodo: %v", err)
}
if err == nil {
return nil
}
t := datastore.NewQuery("CommitRun").
Ancestor((&Package{}).Key(c)).
Order("-StartCommitNum").
Run(c)
var nums []int
var releaseNums []int
loop:
for {
cr := new(CommitRun)
if _, err := t.Next(cr); err == datastore.Done {
break
} else if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("scanning commit runs for perf todo: %v", err)
}
for i := len(cr.Hash) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
if !cr.NeedsBenchmarking[i] || cr.Hash[i] == "" {
continue // There's nothing to see here. Move along.
}
num := cr.StartCommitNum + i
for k, v := range knownTags {
// Releases are benchmarked first, because they are important (and there are few of them).
if cr.Hash[i] == v {
releaseNums = append(releaseNums, num)
if k == "go1" {
break loop // Point of no benchmark: test/bench/shootout: update timing.log to Go 1.
}
}
}
nums = append(nums, num)
}
}
todo.CommitNums = orderPrefTodo(nums)
todo.CommitNums = append(todo.CommitNums, releaseNums...)
if _, err = datastore.Put(c, todo.Key(c), todo); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("putting PerfTodo: %v", err)
}
return nil
}
return todo, datastore.RunInTransaction(c, tx, nil)
}
func removeCommitFromPerfTodo(c appengine.Context, builder string, num int) error {
todo := &PerfTodo{Builder: builder}
err := datastore.Get(c, todo.Key(c), todo)
if err != nil && err != datastore.ErrNoSuchEntity {
return fmt.Errorf("fetching PerfTodo: %v", err)
}
if err == datastore.ErrNoSuchEntity {
return nil
}
for i := len(todo.CommitNums) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
if todo.CommitNums[i] == num {
for ; i < len(todo.CommitNums)-1; i++ {
todo.CommitNums[i] = todo.CommitNums[i+1]
}
todo.CommitNums = todo.CommitNums[:i]
_, err = datastore.Put(c, todo.Key(c), todo)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("putting PerfTodo: %v", err)
}
break
}
}
return nil
}
// packagesHandler returns a list of the non-Go Packages monitored
// by the dashboard.
func packagesHandler(r *http.Request) (interface{}, error) {
kind := r.FormValue("kind")
c := contextForRequest(r)
now := cache.Now(c)
key := "build-packages-" + kind
var p []*Package
if cache.Get(r, now, key, &p) {
return p, nil
}
p, err := Packages(c, kind)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
cache.Set(r, now, key, p)
return p, nil
}
// resultHandler records a build result.
// It reads a JSON-encoded Result value from the request body,
// creates a new Result entity, and updates the relevant Commit entity.
// If the Log field is not empty, resultHandler creates a new Log entity
// and updates the LogHash field before putting the Commit entity.
func resultHandler(r *http.Request) (interface{}, error) {
if r.Method != "POST" {
return nil, errBadMethod(r.Method)
}
c := contextForRequest(r)
res := new(Result)
defer r.Body.Close()
if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(res); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("decoding Body: %v", err)
}
if err := res.Valid(); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("validating Result: %v", err)
}
defer cache.Tick(c)
// store the Log text if supplied
if len(res.Log) > 0 {
hash, err := PutLog(c, res.Log)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("putting Log: %v", err)
}
res.LogHash = hash
}
tx := func(c appengine.Context) error {
// check Package exists
if _, err := GetPackage(c, res.PackagePath); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("GetPackage: %v", err)
}
// put Result
if _, err := datastore.Put(c, res.Key(c), res); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("putting Result: %v", err)
}
// add Result to Commit
com := &Commit{PackagePath: res.PackagePath, Hash: res.Hash}
if err := com.AddResult(c, res); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("AddResult: %v", err)
}
// Send build failure notifications, if necessary.
// Note this must run after the call AddResult, which
// populates the Commit's ResultData field.
return notifyOnFailure(c, com, res.Builder)
}
return nil, datastore.RunInTransaction(c, tx, nil)
}
// perf-result request payload
type PerfRequest struct {
Builder string
Benchmark string
Hash string
OK bool
Metrics []PerfMetric
Artifacts []PerfArtifact
}
type PerfMetric struct {
Type string
Val uint64
}
type PerfArtifact struct {
Type string
Body string
}
// perfResultHandler records a becnhmarking result.
func perfResultHandler(r *http.Request) (interface{}, error) {
defer r.Body.Close()
if r.Method != "POST" {
return nil, errBadMethod(r.Method)
}
req := new(PerfRequest)
if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(req); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("decoding Body: %v", err)
}
c := contextForRequest(r)
defer cache.Tick(c)
// store the text files if supplied
for i, a := range req.Artifacts {
hash, err := PutLog(c, a.Body)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("putting Log: %v", err)
}
req.Artifacts[i].Body = hash
}
tx := func(c appengine.Context) error {
return addPerfResult(c, r, req)
}
return nil, datastore.RunInTransaction(c, tx, nil)
}
// addPerfResult creates PerfResult and updates Commit, PerfTodo,
// PerfMetricRun and PerfConfig. Must be executed within a transaction.
func addPerfResult(c appengine.Context, r *http.Request, req *PerfRequest) error {
// check Package exists
p, err := GetPackage(c, "")
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("GetPackage: %v", err)
}
// add result to Commit
com := &Commit{Hash: req.Hash}
if err := com.AddPerfResult(c, req.Builder, req.Benchmark); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("AddPerfResult: %v", err)
}
// add the result to PerfResult
res := &PerfResult{CommitHash: req.Hash}
if err := datastore.Get(c, res.Key(c), res); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("getting PerfResult: %v", err)
}
present := res.AddResult(req)
if _, err := datastore.Put(c, res.Key(c), res); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("putting PerfResult: %v", err)
}
// Meta-done denotes that there are no benchmarks left.
if req.Benchmark == "meta-done" {
// Don't send duplicate emails for the same commit/builder.
// And don't send emails about too old commits.
if !present && com.Num >= p.NextNum-commitsPerPage {
if err := checkPerfChanges(c, r, com, req.Builder, res); err != nil {
return err
}
}
if err := removeCommitFromPerfTodo(c, req.Builder, com.Num); err != nil {
return nil
}
return nil
}
// update PerfConfig
newBenchmark, err := UpdatePerfConfig(c, r, req)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("updating PerfConfig: %v", err)
}
if newBenchmark {
// If this is a new benchmark on the builder, delete PerfTodo.
// It will be recreated later with all commits again.
todo := &PerfTodo{Builder: req.Builder}
err = datastore.Delete(c, todo.Key(c))
if err != nil && err != datastore.ErrNoSuchEntity {
return fmt.Errorf("deleting PerfTodo: %v", err)
}
}
// add perf metrics
for _, metric := range req.Metrics {
m, err := GetPerfMetricRun(c, req.Builder, req.Benchmark, metric.Type, com.Num)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("GetPerfMetrics: %v", err)
}
if err = m.AddMetric(c, com.Num, metric.Val); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("AddMetric: %v", err)
}
}
return nil
}
func checkPerfChanges(c appengine.Context, r *http.Request, com *Commit, builder string, res *PerfResult) error {
pc, err := GetPerfConfig(c, r)
if err != nil {
return err
}
results := res.ParseData()[builder]
rcNewer := MakePerfResultCache(c, com, true)
rcOlder := MakePerfResultCache(c, com, false)
// Check whether we need to send failure notification email.
if results["meta-done"].OK {
// This one is successful, see if the next is failed.
nextRes, err := rcNewer.Next(com.Num)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if nextRes != nil && isPerfFailed(nextRes, builder) {
sendPerfFailMail(c, builder, nextRes)
}
} else {
// This one is failed, see if the previous is successful.
prevRes, err := rcOlder.Next(com.Num)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if prevRes != nil && !isPerfFailed(prevRes, builder) {
sendPerfFailMail(c, builder, res)
}
}
// Now see if there are any performance changes.
// Find the previous and the next results for performance comparison.
prevRes, err := rcOlder.NextForComparison(com.Num, builder)
if err != nil {
return err
}
nextRes, err := rcNewer.NextForComparison(com.Num, builder)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if results["meta-done"].OK {
// This one is successful, compare with a previous one.
if prevRes != nil {
if err := comparePerfResults(c, pc, builder, prevRes, res); err != nil {
return err
}
}
// Compare a next one with the current.
if nextRes != nil {
if err := comparePerfResults(c, pc, builder, res, nextRes); err != nil {
return err
}
}
} else {
// This one is failed, compare a previous one with a next one.
if prevRes != nil && nextRes != nil {
if err := comparePerfResults(c, pc, builder, prevRes, nextRes); err != nil {
return err
}
}
}
return nil
}
func comparePerfResults(c appengine.Context, pc *PerfConfig, builder string, prevRes, res *PerfResult) error {
changes := significantPerfChanges(pc, builder, prevRes, res)
if len(changes) == 0 {
return nil
}
com := &Commit{Hash: res.CommitHash}
if err := datastore.Get(c, com.Key(c), com); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("getting commit %v: %v", com.Hash, err)
}
sendPerfMailLater.Call(c, com, prevRes.CommitHash, builder, changes) // add task to queue
return nil
}
// logHandler displays log text for a given hash.
// It handles paths like "/log/hash".
func logHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Content-type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
c := contextForRequest(r)
hash := r.URL.Path[strings.LastIndex(r.URL.Path, "/")+1:]
key := datastore.NewKey(c, "Log", hash, 0, nil)
l := new(Log)
if err := datastore.Get(c, key, l); err != nil {
logErr(w, r, err)
return
}
b, err := l.Text()
if err != nil {
logErr(w, r, err)
return
}
w.Write(b)
}
type dashHandler func(*http.Request) (interface{}, error)
type dashResponse struct {
Response interface{}
Error string
}
// errBadMethod is returned by a dashHandler when
// the request has an unsuitable method.
type errBadMethod string
func (e errBadMethod) Error() string {
return "bad method: " + string(e)
}
// AuthHandler wraps a http.HandlerFunc with a handler that validates the
// supplied key and builder query parameters.
func AuthHandler(h dashHandler) http.HandlerFunc {
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
c := contextForRequest(r)
// Put the URL Query values into r.Form to avoid parsing the
// request body when calling r.FormValue.
r.Form = r.URL.Query()
var err error
var resp interface{}
// Validate key query parameter for POST requests only.
key := r.FormValue("key")
builder := r.FormValue("builder")
if r.Method == "POST" && !validKey(c, key, builder) {
err = fmt.Errorf("invalid key %q for builder %q", key, builder)
}
// Call the original HandlerFunc and return the response.
if err == nil {
resp, err = h(r)
}
// Write JSON response.
dashResp := &dashResponse{Response: resp}
if err != nil {
c.Errorf("%v", err)
dashResp.Error = err.Error()
}
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
if err = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(dashResp); err != nil {
c.Criticalf("encoding response: %v", err)
}
}
}
func keyHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
builder := r.FormValue("builder")
if builder == "" {
logErr(w, r, errors.New("must supply builder in query string"))
return
}
c := contextForRequest(r)
fmt.Fprint(w, builderKey(c, builder))
}
func init() {
for _, d := range dashboards {
// admin handlers
http.HandleFunc(d.RelPath+"init", initHandler)
http.HandleFunc(d.RelPath+"key", keyHandler)
// authenticated handlers
http.HandleFunc(d.RelPath+"commit", AuthHandler(commitHandler))
http.HandleFunc(d.RelPath+"packages", AuthHandler(packagesHandler))
http.HandleFunc(d.RelPath+"result", AuthHandler(resultHandler))
http.HandleFunc(d.RelPath+"perf-result", AuthHandler(perfResultHandler))
http.HandleFunc(d.RelPath+"tag", AuthHandler(tagHandler))
http.HandleFunc(d.RelPath+"todo", AuthHandler(todoHandler))
// public handlers
http.HandleFunc(d.RelPath+"log/", logHandler)
}
}
func validHash(hash string) bool {
// TODO(adg): correctly validate a hash
return hash != ""
}
func validKey(c appengine.Context, key, builder string) bool {
return isMasterKey(c, key) || key == builderKey(c, builder)
}
func isMasterKey(c appengine.Context, k string) bool {
return appengine.IsDevAppServer() || k == key.Secret(c)
}
func builderKey(c appengine.Context, builder string) string {
h := hmac.New(md5.New, []byte(key.Secret(c)))
h.Write([]byte(builder))
return fmt.Sprintf("%x", h.Sum(nil))
}
func logErr(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, err error) {
contextForRequest(r).Errorf("Error: %v", err)
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
fmt.Fprint(w, "Error: ", err)
}
func contextForRequest(r *http.Request) appengine.Context {
return dashboardForRequest(r).Context(appengine.NewContext(r))
}
// limitStringLength essentially does return s[:max],
// but it ensures that we dot not split UTF-8 rune in half.
// Otherwise appengine python scripts will break badly.
func limitStringLength(s string, max int) string {
if len(s) <= max {
return s
}
for {
s = s[:max]
r, size := utf8.DecodeLastRuneInString(s)
if r != utf8.RuneError || size != 1 {
return s
}
max--
}
}