go/refactor/rename/check.go

// Copyright 2014 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package rename

// This file defines the safety checks for each kind of renaming.

import (
	"fmt"
	"go/ast"
	"go/token"

	"code.google.com/p/go.tools/go/loader"
	"code.google.com/p/go.tools/go/types"
	"code.google.com/p/go.tools/refactor/lexical"
	"code.google.com/p/go.tools/refactor/satisfy"
)

// errorf reports an error (e.g. conflict) and prevents file modification.
func (r *renamer) errorf(pos token.Pos, format string, args ...interface{}) {
	r.hadConflicts = true
	reportError(r.iprog.Fset.Position(pos), fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
}

// check performs safety checks of the renaming of the 'from' object to r.to.
func (r *renamer) check(from types.Object) {
	if r.objsToUpdate[from] {
		return
	}
	r.objsToUpdate[from] = true

	// NB: order of conditions is important.
	if from_, ok := from.(*types.PkgName); ok {
		r.checkInFileBlock(from_)
	} else if from_, ok := from.(*types.Label); ok {
		r.checkLabel(from_)
	} else if isPackageLevel(from) {
		r.checkInPackageBlock(from)
	} else if v, ok := from.(*types.Var); ok && v.IsField() {
		r.checkStructField(v)
	} else if f, ok := from.(*types.Func); ok && f.Type().(*types.Signature).Recv() != nil {
		r.checkMethod(f)
	} else if isLocal(from) {
		r.checkInLocalScope(from)
	} else {
		r.errorf(from.Pos(), "unexpected %s object %q (please report a bug)\n",
			objectKind(from), from)
	}
}

// checkInFileBlock performs safety checks for renames of objects in the file block,
// i.e. imported package names.
func (r *renamer) checkInFileBlock(from *types.PkgName) {
	// Check import name is not "init".
	if r.to == "init" {
		r.errorf(from.Pos(), "%q is not a valid imported package name", r.to)
	}

	// Check for conflicts between file and package block.
	if prev := from.Pkg().Scope().Lookup(r.to); prev != nil {
		r.errorf(from.Pos(), "renaming this %s %q to %q would conflict",
			objectKind(from), from.Name(), r.to)
		r.errorf(prev.Pos(), "\twith this package member %s",
			objectKind(prev))
		return // since checkInPackageBlock would report redundant errors
	}

	// Check for conflicts in lexical scope.
	r.checkInLexicalScope(from, r.packages[from.Pkg()])

	// Finally, modify ImportSpec syntax to add or remove the Name as needed.
	info, path, _ := r.iprog.PathEnclosingInterval(from.Pos(), from.Pos())
	if from.Imported().Name() == r.to {
		// ImportSpec.Name not needed
		path[1].(*ast.ImportSpec).Name = nil
	} else {
		// ImportSpec.Name needed
		if spec := path[1].(*ast.ImportSpec); spec.Name == nil {
			spec.Name = &ast.Ident{NamePos: spec.Path.Pos(), Name: r.to}
			info.Defs[spec.Name] = from
		}
	}
}

// checkInPackageBlock performs safety checks for renames of
// func/var/const/type objects in the package block.
func (r *renamer) checkInPackageBlock(from types.Object) {
	// Check that there are no references to the name from another
	// package if the renaming would make it unexported.
	if ast.IsExported(from.Name()) && !ast.IsExported(r.to) {
		for pkg, info := range r.packages {
			if pkg == from.Pkg() {
				continue
			}
			if id := someUse(info, from); id != nil &&
				!r.checkExport(id, pkg, from) {
				break
			}
		}
	}

	info := r.packages[from.Pkg()]
	lexinfo := lexical.Structure(r.iprog.Fset, from.Pkg(), &info.Info, info.Files)

	// Check that in the package block, "init" is a function, and never referenced.
	if r.to == "init" {
		kind := objectKind(from)
		if kind == "func" {
			// Reject if intra-package references to it exist.
			if refs := lexinfo.Refs[from]; len(refs) > 0 {
				r.errorf(from.Pos(),
					"renaming this func %q to %q would make it a package initializer",
					from.Name(), r.to)
				r.errorf(refs[0].Id.Pos(), "\tbut references to it exist")
			}
		} else {
			r.errorf(from.Pos(), "you cannot have a %s at package level named %q",
				kind, r.to)
		}
	}

	// Check for conflicts between package block and all file blocks.
	for _, f := range info.Files {
		if prev, b := lexinfo.Blocks[f].Lookup(r.to); b == lexinfo.Blocks[f] {
			r.errorf(from.Pos(), "renaming this %s %q to %q would conflict",
				objectKind(from), from.Name(), r.to)
			r.errorf(prev.Pos(), "\twith this %s",
				objectKind(prev))
			return // since checkInPackageBlock would report redundant errors
		}
	}

	// Check for conflicts in lexical scope.
	if from.Exported() {
		for _, info := range r.packages {
			r.checkInLexicalScope(from, info)
		}
	} else {
		r.checkInLexicalScope(from, info)
	}
}

func (r *renamer) checkInLocalScope(from types.Object) {
	info := r.packages[from.Pkg()]

	// Is this object an implicit local var for a type switch?
	// Each case has its own var, whose position is the decl of y,
	// but Ident in that decl does not appear in the Uses map.
	//
	//   switch y := x.(type) {	 // Defs[Ident(y)] is undefined
	//   case int:    print(y)       // Implicits[CaseClause(int)]    = Var(y_int)
	//   case string: print(y)       // Implicits[CaseClause(string)] = Var(y_string)
	//   }
	//
	var isCaseVar bool
	for syntax, obj := range info.Implicits {
		if _, ok := syntax.(*ast.CaseClause); ok && obj.Pos() == from.Pos() {
			isCaseVar = true
			r.check(obj)
		}
	}

	r.checkInLexicalScope(from, info)

	// Finally, if this was a type switch, change the variable y.
	if isCaseVar {
		_, path, _ := r.iprog.PathEnclosingInterval(from.Pos(), from.Pos())
		path[0].(*ast.Ident).Name = r.to // path is [Ident AssignStmt TypeSwitchStmt...]
	}
}

// checkInLexicalScope performs safety checks that a renaming does not
// change the lexical reference structure of the specified package.
//
// For objects in lexical scope, there are three kinds of conflicts:
// same-, sub-, and super-block conflicts.  We will illustrate all three
// using this example:
//
//      var x int
//	var z int
//
//	func f(y int) {
//		print(x)
//		print(y)
//	}
//
// Renaming x to z encounters a SAME-BLOCK CONFLICT, because an object
// with the new name already exists, defined in the same lexical block
// as the old object.
//
// Renaming x to y encounters a SUB-BLOCK CONFLICT, because there exists
// a reference to x from within (what would become) a hole in its scope.
// The definition of y in an (inner) sub-block would cast a shadow in
// the scope of the renamed variable.
//
// Renaming y to x encounters a SUPER-BLOCK CONFLICT.  This is the
// converse situation: there is an existing definition of the new name
// (x) in an (enclosing) super-block, and the renaming would create a
// hole in its scope, within which there exist references to it.  The
// new name casts a shadow in scope of the existing definition of x in
// the super-block.
//
// Removing the old name (and all references to it) is always safe, and
// requires no checks.
//
func (r *renamer) checkInLexicalScope(from types.Object, info *loader.PackageInfo) {
	lexinfo := lexical.Structure(r.iprog.Fset, info.Pkg, &info.Info, info.Files)

	b := lexinfo.Defs[from] // the block defining the 'from' object
	if b != nil {
		to, toBlock := b.Lookup(r.to)
		if toBlock == b {
			// same-block conflict
			r.errorf(from.Pos(), "renaming this %s %q to %q",
				objectKind(from), from.Name(), r.to)
			r.errorf(to.Pos(), "\tconflicts with %s in same block",
				objectKind(to))
			return
		} else if toBlock != nil {
			// Check for super-block conflict.
			// The name r.to is defined in a superblock.
			// Is that name referenced from within this block?
			for _, ref := range lexinfo.Refs[to] {
				if obj, _ := ref.Env.Lookup(from.Name()); obj == from {
					// super-block conflict
					r.errorf(from.Pos(), "renaming this %s %q to %q",
						objectKind(from), from.Name(), r.to)
					r.errorf(ref.Id.Pos(), "\twould shadow this reference")
					r.errorf(to.Pos(), "\tto the %s declared here",
						objectKind(to))
					return
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// Check for sub-block conflict.
	// Is there an intervening definition of r.to between
	// the block defining 'from' and some reference to it?
	for _, ref := range lexinfo.Refs[from] {
		// TODO(adonovan): think about dot imports.
		// (Is b == fromBlock an invariant?)
		_, fromBlock := ref.Env.Lookup(from.Name())
		fromDepth := fromBlock.Depth()

		to, toBlock := ref.Env.Lookup(r.to)
		if to != nil {
			// sub-block conflict
			if toBlock.Depth() > fromDepth {
				r.errorf(from.Pos(), "renaming this %s %q to %q",
					objectKind(from), from.Name(), r.to)
				r.errorf(ref.Id.Pos(), "\twould cause this reference to become shadowed")
				r.errorf(to.Pos(), "\tby this intervening %s definition",
					objectKind(to))
				return
			}
		}
	}

	// Renaming a type that is used as an embedded field
	// requires renaming the field too. e.g.
	// 	type T int // if we rename this to U..
	// 	var s struct {T}
	// 	print(s.T) // ...this must change too
	if _, ok := from.(*types.TypeName); ok {
		for id, obj := range info.Uses {
			if obj == from {
				if field := info.Defs[id]; field != nil {
					r.check(field)
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

func (r *renamer) checkLabel(label *types.Label) {
	// Check there are no identical labels in the function's label block.
	// (Label blocks don't nest, so this is easy.)
	if prev := label.Parent().Lookup(r.to); prev != nil {
		r.errorf(label.Pos(), "renaming this label %q to %q", label.Name(), prev.Name())
		r.errorf(prev.Pos(), "\twould conflict with this one")
	}
}

// checkStructField checks that the field renaming will not cause
// conflicts at its declaration, or ambiguity or changes to any selection.
func (r *renamer) checkStructField(from *types.Var) {
	// Check that the struct declaration is free of field conflicts,
	// and field/method conflicts.

	// go/types offers no easy way to get from a field (or interface
	// method) to its declaring struct (or interface), so we must
	// ascend the AST.
	info, path, _ := r.iprog.PathEnclosingInterval(from.Pos(), from.Pos())
	// path is [Ident Field FieldList StructType ... File].  Can't fail.

	// Ascend past parens (unlikely).
	i := 4
	for {
		_, ok := path[i].(*ast.ParenExpr)
		if !ok {
			break
		}
		i++
	}
	if spec, ok := path[i].(*ast.TypeSpec); ok {
		// This struct is also a named type.
		// We must check for direct (non-promoted) field/field
		// and method/field conflicts.
		named := info.Defs[spec.Name].Type()
		prev, indices, _ := types.LookupFieldOrMethod(named, true, info.Pkg, r.to)
		if len(indices) == 1 {
			r.errorf(from.Pos(), "renaming this field %q to %q",
				from.Name(), r.to)
			r.errorf(prev.Pos(), "\twould conflict with this %s",
				objectKind(prev))
			return // skip checkSelections to avoid redundant errors
		}
	} else {
		// This struct is not a named type.
		// We need only check for direct (non-promoted) field/field conflicts.
		T := info.Types[path[3].(*ast.StructType)].Type.Underlying().(*types.Struct)
		for i := 0; i < T.NumFields(); i++ {
			if prev := T.Field(i); prev.Name() == r.to {
				r.errorf(from.Pos(), "renaming this field %q to %q",
					from.Name(), r.to)
				r.errorf(prev.Pos(), "\twould conflict with this field")
				return // skip checkSelections to avoid redundant errors
			}
		}
	}

	// Renaming an anonymous field requires renaming the type too. e.g.
	// 	print(s.T)       // if we rename T to U,
	// 	type T int       // this and
	// 	var s struct {T} // this must change too.
	if from.Anonymous() {
		if named, ok := from.Type().(*types.Named); ok {
			r.check(named.Obj())
		} else if named, ok := deref(from.Type()).(*types.Named); ok {
			r.check(named.Obj())
		}
	}

	// Check integrity of existing (field and method) selections.
	r.checkSelections(from)
}

// checkSelection checks that all uses and selections that resolve to
// the specified object would continue to do so after the renaming.
func (r *renamer) checkSelections(from types.Object) {
	for pkg, info := range r.packages {
		if id := someUse(info, from); id != nil {
			if !r.checkExport(id, pkg, from) {
				return
			}
		}

		for syntax, sel := range info.Selections {
			// There may be extant selections of only the old
			// name or only the new name, so we must check both.
			// (If neither, the renaming is sound.)
			//
			// In both cases, we wish to compare the lengths
			// of the implicit field path (Selection.Index)
			// to see if the renaming would change it.
			//
			// If a selection that resolves to 'from', when renamed,
			// would yield a path of the same or shorter length,
			// this indicates ambiguity or a changed referent,
			// analogous to same- or sub-block lexical conflict.
			//
			// If a selection using the name 'to' would
			// yield a path of the same or shorter length,
			// this indicates ambiguity or shadowing,
			// analogous to same- or super-block lexical conflict.

			// TODO(adonovan): fix: derive from Types[syntax.X].Mode
			// TODO(adonovan): test with pointer, value, addressable value.
			isAddressable := true

			if sel.Obj() == from {
				if obj, indices, _ := types.LookupFieldOrMethod(sel.Recv(), isAddressable, from.Pkg(), r.to); obj != nil {
					// Renaming this existing selection of
					// 'from' may block access to an existing
					// type member named 'to'.
					delta := len(indices) - len(sel.Index())
					if delta > 0 {
						continue // no ambiguity
					}
					r.selectionConflict(from, delta, syntax, obj)
					return
				}

			} else if sel.Obj().Name() == r.to {
				if obj, indices, _ := types.LookupFieldOrMethod(sel.Recv(), isAddressable, from.Pkg(), from.Name()); obj == from {
					// Renaming 'from' may cause this existing
					// selection of the name 'to' to change
					// its meaning.
					delta := len(indices) - len(sel.Index())
					if delta > 0 {
						continue //  no ambiguity
					}
					r.selectionConflict(from, -delta, syntax, sel.Obj())
					return
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

func (r *renamer) selectionConflict(from types.Object, delta int, syntax *ast.SelectorExpr, obj types.Object) {
	r.errorf(from.Pos(), "renaming this %s %q to %q",
		objectKind(from), from.Name(), r.to)

	switch {
	case delta < 0:
		// analogous to sub-block conflict
		r.errorf(syntax.Sel.Pos(),
			"\twould change the referent of this selection")
		r.errorf(obj.Pos(), "\tto this %s", objectKind(obj))
	case delta == 0:
		// analogous to same-block conflict
		r.errorf(syntax.Sel.Pos(),
			"\twould make this reference ambiguous")
		r.errorf(obj.Pos(), "\twith this %s", objectKind(obj))
	case delta > 0:
		// analogous to super-block conflict
		r.errorf(syntax.Sel.Pos(),
			"\twould shadow this selection")
		r.errorf(obj.Pos(), "\tto the %s declared here",
			objectKind(obj))
	}
}

// checkMethod performs safety checks for renaming a method.
// There are three hazards:
// - declaration conflicts
// - selection ambiguity/changes
// - entailed renamings of assignable concrete/interface types (for now, just reject)
func (r *renamer) checkMethod(from *types.Func) {
	// e.g. error.Error
	if from.Pkg() == nil {
		r.errorf(from.Pos(), "you cannot rename built-in method %s", from)
		return
	}

	// As always, having to support concrete methods with pointer
	// and non-pointer receivers, and named vs unnamed types with
	// methods, makes tooling fun.

	// ASSIGNABILITY
	//
	// For now, if any method renaming breaks a required
	// assignability to another type, we reject it.
	//
	// TODO(adonovan): probably we should compute the entailed
	// renamings so that an interface method renaming causes
	// concrete methods to change too.  But which ones?
	//
	// There is no correct answer, only heuristics, because Go's
	// "duck typing" doesn't distinguish intentional from contingent
	// assignability.  There are two obvious approaches:
	//
	// (1) Update the minimum set of types to preserve the
	//     assignability of types all syntactic assignments
	//     (incl. implicit ones in calls, returns, sends, etc).
	//     The satisfy.Finder enumerates these.
	//     This is likely to be an underapproximation.
	//
	// (2) Update all types that are assignable to/from the changed
	//     type.  This requires computing the "implements" relation
	//     for all pairs of types (as godoc and oracle do).
	//     This is likely to be an overapproximation.
	//
	// If a concrete type is renamed, we probably do not want to
	// rename corresponding interfaces; interface renamings should
	// probably be initiated at the interface.  (But what if a
	// concrete type implements multiple interfaces with the same
	// method?  Then the user is stuck.)
	//
	// We need some experience before we decide how to implement this.

	// Check for conflict at point of declaration.
	// Check to ensure preservation of assignability requirements.
	recv := from.Type().(*types.Signature).Recv().Type()
	if isInterface(recv) {
		// Abstract method

		// declaration
		prev, _, _ := types.LookupFieldOrMethod(recv, false, from.Pkg(), r.to)
		if prev != nil {
			r.errorf(from.Pos(), "renaming this interface method %q to %q",
				from.Name(), r.to)
			r.errorf(prev.Pos(), "\twould conflict with this method")
			return
		}

		// Check all interfaces that embed this one for
		// declaration conflicts too.
		for _, info := range r.packages {
			// Start with named interface types (better errors)
			for _, obj := range info.Defs {
				if obj, ok := obj.(*types.TypeName); ok && isInterface(obj.Type()) {
					f, _, _ := types.LookupFieldOrMethod(
						obj.Type(), false, from.Pkg(), from.Name())
					if f == nil {
						continue
					}
					t, _, _ := types.LookupFieldOrMethod(
						obj.Type(), false, from.Pkg(), r.to)
					if t == nil {
						continue
					}
					r.errorf(from.Pos(), "renaming this interface method %q to %q",
						from.Name(), r.to)
					r.errorf(t.Pos(), "\twould conflict with this method")
					r.errorf(obj.Pos(), "\tin named interface type %q", obj.Name())
				}
			}

			// Now look at all literal interface types (includes named ones again).
			for e, tv := range info.Types {
				if e, ok := e.(*ast.InterfaceType); ok {
					_ = e
					_ = tv.Type.(*types.Interface)
					// TODO(adonovan): implement same check as above.
				}
			}
		}

		// assignability
		for T := range r.findAssignments(recv) {
			if obj, _, _ := types.LookupFieldOrMethod(T, false, from.Pkg(), from.Name()); obj == nil {
				continue
			}

			r.errorf(from.Pos(), "renaming this method %q to %q",
				from.Name(), r.to)
			var pos token.Pos
			var other string
			if named, ok := T.(*types.Named); ok {
				pos = named.Obj().Pos()
				other = named.Obj().Name()
			} else {
				pos = from.Pos()
				other = T.String()
			}
			r.errorf(pos, "\twould make %s no longer assignable to it", other)
			return
		}
	} else {
		// Concrete method

		// declaration
		prev, indices, _ := types.LookupFieldOrMethod(recv, true, from.Pkg(), r.to)
		if prev != nil && len(indices) == 1 {
			r.errorf(from.Pos(), "renaming this method %q to %q",
				from.Name(), r.to)
			r.errorf(prev.Pos(), "\twould conflict with this %s",
				objectKind(prev))
			return
		}

		// assignability (of both T and *T)
		recvBase := deref(recv)
		for _, R := range []types.Type{recvBase, types.NewPointer(recvBase)} {
			for I := range r.findAssignments(R) {
				if obj, _, _ := types.LookupFieldOrMethod(I, true, from.Pkg(), from.Name()); obj == nil {
					continue
				}
				r.errorf(from.Pos(), "renaming this method %q to %q",
					from.Name(), r.to)
				var pos token.Pos
				var iface string
				if named, ok := I.(*types.Named); ok {
					pos = named.Obj().Pos()
					iface = "interface " + named.Obj().Name()
				} else {
					pos = from.Pos()
					iface = I.String()
				}
				r.errorf(pos, "\twould make it no longer assignable to %s", iface)
				return // one is enough
			}
		}
	}

	// Check integrity of existing (field and method) selections.
	// We skip this if there were errors above, to avoid redundant errors.
	r.checkSelections(from)
}

func (r *renamer) checkExport(id *ast.Ident, pkg *types.Package, from types.Object) bool {
	// Reject cross-package references if r.to is unexported.
	// (Such references may be qualified identifiers or field/method
	// selections.)
	if !ast.IsExported(r.to) && pkg != from.Pkg() {
		r.errorf(from.Pos(),
			"renaming this %s %q to %q would make it unexported",
			objectKind(from), from.Name(), r.to)
		r.errorf(id.Pos(), "\tbreaking references from packages such as %q",
			pkg.Path())
		return false
	}
	return true
}

// findAssignments returns the set of types to or from which type T is
// assigned in the program syntax.
func (r *renamer) findAssignments(T types.Type) map[types.Type]bool {
	if r.satisfyConstraints == nil {
		// Compute on demand: it's expensive.
		var f satisfy.Finder
		for _, info := range r.packages {
			f.Find(&info.Info, info.Files)
		}
		r.satisfyConstraints = f.Result
	}

	result := make(map[types.Type]bool)
	for key := range r.satisfyConstraints {
		// key = (lhs, rhs) where lhs is always an interface.
		if types.Identical(key.RHS, T) {
			result[key.LHS] = true
		}
		if isInterface(T) && types.Identical(key.LHS, T) {
			// must check both sides
			result[key.RHS] = true
		}
	}
	return result
}

// -- helpers ----------------------------------------------------------

// someUse returns an arbitrary use of obj within info.
func someUse(info *loader.PackageInfo, obj types.Object) *ast.Ident {
	for id, o := range info.Uses {
		if o == obj {
			return id
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// -- Plundered from code.google.com/p/go.tools/go/ssa -----------------

func isInterface(T types.Type) bool {
	_, ok := T.Underlying().(*types.Interface)
	return ok
}

func deref(typ types.Type) types.Type {
	if p, _ := typ.(*types.Pointer); p != nil {
		return p.Elem()
	}
	return typ
}