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Riccardo Gerosa 91a1f0d918 math/big: improve performance of Binomial
This change improves the performance of Binomial by implementing an
algorithm that produces smaller intermediate values at each step.

Working with smaller big.Int values has the advantage that  fewer allocations
and computations are required for each mathematical operation.

The algorithm used is the Multiplicative Formula, which is a well known
way of calculating the Binomial coefficient and is described at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_coefficient#Multiplicative_formula
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_coefficient#In_programming_languages

In addition to that, an optimization has been made to remove a
redundant computation of (i+1) on each loop which has a measurable
impact when using big.Int.

Performance improvement measured on an M1 MacBook Pro
running the existing benchmark for Binomial:

name        old time/op    new time/op    delta
Binomial-8     589ns ± 0%     435ns ± 0%  -26.05%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

name        old alloc/op   new alloc/op   delta
Binomial-8    1.02kB ± 0%    0.08kB ± 0%  -92.19%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

name        old allocs/op  new allocs/op  delta
Binomial-8      38.0 ± 0%       5.0 ± 0%  -86.84%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

Change-Id: I5a830386dd42f062e17af88411dd74fcb110ded9
GitHub-Last-Rev: 6b2fca07de
GitHub-Pull-Request: golang/go#56339
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/444315
Auto-Submit: Robert Griesemer <gri@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Dmitri Shuralyov <dmitshur@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Robert Griesemer <gri@google.com>
2022-10-28 23:50:33 +00:00
.github .github: update issue label for pkgsite-removal 2022-09-07 16:00:20 +00:00
api os/exec: add the Cancel and WaitDelay fields 2022-10-25 03:34:36 +00:00
doc doc/go1.20: go version supports non-executable Go binaries 2022-10-24 15:56:26 +00:00
lib/time lib/time, time/tzdata: update to 2022b 2022-08-11 20:03:19 +00:00
misc cmd/go: don't install most GOROOT .a files in pkg 2022-10-28 23:35:08 +00:00
src math/big: improve performance of Binomial 2022-10-28 23:50:33 +00:00
test cmd/compile: recognize when the result of append has a constant length 2022-10-27 17:09:50 +00:00
.gitattributes all: treat all files as binary, but check in .bat with CRLF 2020-06-08 15:31:43 +00:00
.gitignore internal/buildcfg: move build configuration out of cmd/internal/objabi 2021-04-16 19:20:53 +00:00
codereview.cfg codereview.cfg: add codereview.cfg for master branch 2021-02-19 18:44:53 +00:00
CONTRIBUTING.md all: restore changes from faulty merge/revert 2018-02-12 20:13:59 +00:00
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README.md README.md: update wiki link 2022-04-26 16:21:18 +00:00
SECURITY.md SECURITY.md: replace golang.org with go.dev 2022-04-26 19:59:47 +00:00

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