go/refactor/rename/rename.go

// Copyright 2014 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// Package rename contains the implementation of the 'gorename' command
// whose main function is in golang.org/x/tools/cmd/gorename.
// See the Usage constant for the command documentation.
package rename // import "golang.org/x/tools/refactor/rename"

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"go/ast"
	"go/build"
	"go/format"
	"go/parser"
	"go/token"
	"os"
	"path"
	"path/filepath"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	"golang.org/x/tools/go/loader"
	"golang.org/x/tools/go/types"
	"golang.org/x/tools/refactor/importgraph"
	"golang.org/x/tools/refactor/satisfy"
)

const Usage = `gorename: precise type-safe renaming of identifiers in Go source code.

Usage:

 gorename (-from <spec> | -offset <file>:#<byte-offset>) -to <name> [-force]

You must specify the object (named entity) to rename using the -offset
or -from flag.  Exactly one must be specified.

Flags:

-offset    specifies the filename and byte offset of an identifier to rename.
           This form is intended for use by text editors.

-from      specifies the object to rename using a query notation;
           This form is intended for interactive use at the command line.
           A legal -from query has one of the following forms:

  "encoding/json".Decoder.Decode        method of package-level named type
  (*"encoding/json".Decoder).Decode     ditto, alternative syntax
  "encoding/json".Decoder.buf           field of package-level named struct type
  "encoding/json".HTMLEscape            package member (const, func, var, type)
  "encoding/json".Decoder.Decode::x     local object x within a method
  "encoding/json".HTMLEscape::x         local object x within a function
  "encoding/json"::x                    object x anywhere within a package
  json.go::x                            object x within file json.go

           For methods, the parens and '*' on the receiver type are both
           optional.

           Double-quotes may be omitted for single-segment import paths
           such as fmt.  They may need to be escaped when writing a
           shell command.

           It is an error if one of the ::x queries matches multiple
           objects.

-to        the new name.

-force     causes the renaming to proceed even if conflicts were reported.
           The resulting program may be ill-formed, or experience a change
           in behaviour.

           WARNING: this flag may even cause the renaming tool to crash.
           (In due course this bug will be fixed by moving certain
           analyses into the type-checker.)

-dryrun    causes the tool to report conflicts but not update any files.

-v         enables verbose logging.

gorename automatically computes the set of packages that might be
affected.  For a local renaming, this is just the package specified by
-from or -offset, but for a potentially exported name, gorename scans
the workspace ($GOROOT and $GOPATH).

gorename rejects renamings of concrete methods that would change the
assignability relation between types and interfaces.  If the interface
change was intentional, initiate the renaming at the interface method.

gorename rejects any renaming that would create a conflict at the point
of declaration, or a reference conflict (ambiguity or shadowing), or
anything else that could cause the resulting program not to compile.


Examples:

% gorename -offset file.go:#123 -to foo

  Rename the object whose identifier is at byte offset 123 within file file.go.

% gorename -from '"bytes".Buffer.Len' -to Size

  Rename the "Len" method of the *bytes.Buffer type to "Size".

---- TODO ----

Correctness:
- handle dot imports correctly
- document limitations (reflection, 'implements' algorithm).
- sketch a proof of exhaustiveness.

Features:
- support running on packages specified as *.go files on the command line
- support running on programs containing errors (loader.Config.AllowErrors)
- allow users to specify a scope other than "global" (to avoid being
  stuck by neglected packages in $GOPATH that don't build).
- support renaming the package clause (no object)
- support renaming an import path (no ident or object)
  (requires filesystem + SCM updates).
- detect and reject edits to autogenerated files (cgo, protobufs)
  and optionally $GOROOT packages.
- report all conflicts, or at least all qualitatively distinct ones.
  Sometimes we stop to avoid redundancy, but
  it may give a disproportionate sense of safety in -force mode.
- support renaming all instances of a pattern, e.g.
  all receiver vars of a given type,
  all local variables of a given type,
  all PkgNames for a given package.
- emit JSON output for other editors and tools.
`

var (
	// Force enables patching of the source files even if conflicts were reported.
	// The resulting program may be ill-formed.
	// It may even cause gorename to crash.  TODO(adonovan): fix that.
	Force bool

	// DryRun causes the tool to report conflicts but not update any files.
	DryRun bool

	// ConflictError is returned by Main when it aborts the renaming due to conflicts.
	// (It is distinguished because the interesting errors are the conflicts themselves.)
	ConflictError = errors.New("renaming aborted due to conflicts")

	// Verbose enables extra logging.
	Verbose bool
)

type renamer struct {
	iprog              *loader.Program
	objsToUpdate       map[types.Object]bool
	hadConflicts       bool
	to                 string
	satisfyConstraints map[satisfy.Constraint]bool
	packages           map[*types.Package]*loader.PackageInfo // subset of iprog.AllPackages to inspect
	msets              types.MethodSetCache
	changeMethods      bool
}

var reportError = func(posn token.Position, message string) {
	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: %s\n", posn, message)
}

// importName renames imports of the package with the given path in
// the given package.  If fromName is not empty, only imports as
// fromName will be renamed.  Even if renaming is successful, there
// may be some files that are unchanged; they are reported in
// unchangedFiles.
func importName(iprog *loader.Program, info *loader.PackageInfo, fromPath, fromName, to string) (unchangedFiles []string, err error) {
	for _, f := range info.Files {
		var from types.Object
		for _, imp := range f.Imports {
			importPath, _ := strconv.Unquote(imp.Path.Value)
			importName := path.Base(importPath)
			if imp.Name != nil {
				importName = imp.Name.Name
			}
			if importPath == fromPath && (fromName == "" || importName == fromName) {
				from = info.Implicits[imp]
				break
			}
		}
		if from == nil {
			continue
		}
		r := renamer{
			iprog:        iprog,
			objsToUpdate: make(map[types.Object]bool),
			to:           to,
			packages:     map[*types.Package]*loader.PackageInfo{info.Pkg: info},
		}
		r.check(from)
		if r.hadConflicts {
			continue // ignore errors; leave the existing name
			unchangedFiles = append(unchangedFiles, f.Name.Name)
		}
		if err := r.update(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	return unchangedFiles, nil
}

func Main(ctxt *build.Context, offsetFlag, fromFlag, to string) error {
	// -- Parse the -from or -offset specifier ----------------------------

	if (offsetFlag == "") == (fromFlag == "") {
		return fmt.Errorf("exactly one of the -from and -offset flags must be specified")
	}

	if !isValidIdentifier(to) {
		return fmt.Errorf("-to %q: not a valid identifier", to)
	}

	var spec *spec
	var err error
	if fromFlag != "" {
		spec, err = parseFromFlag(ctxt, fromFlag)
	} else {
		spec, err = parseOffsetFlag(ctxt, offsetFlag)
	}
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if spec.fromName == to {
		return fmt.Errorf("the old and new names are the same: %s", to)
	}

	// -- Load the program consisting of the initial package  -------------

	iprog, err := loadProgram(ctxt, map[string]bool{spec.pkg: true})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	fromObjects, err := findFromObjects(iprog, spec)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// -- Load a larger program, for global renamings ---------------------

	if requiresGlobalRename(fromObjects, to) {
		// For a local refactoring, we needn't load more
		// packages, but if the renaming affects the package's
		// API, we we must load all packages that depend on the
		// package defining the object, plus their tests.

		if Verbose {
			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Potentially global renaming; scanning workspace...")
		}

		// Scan the workspace and build the import graph.
		_, rev, errors := importgraph.Build(ctxt)
		if len(errors) > 0 {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "While scanning Go workspace:\n")
			for path, err := range errors {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Package %q: %s.\n", path, err)
			}
		}

		// Enumerate the set of potentially affected packages.
		affectedPackages := make(map[string]bool)
		for _, obj := range fromObjects {
			// External test packages are never imported,
			// so they will never appear in the graph.
			for path := range rev.Search(obj.Pkg().Path()) {
				affectedPackages[path] = true
			}
		}

		// TODO(adonovan): allow the user to specify the scope,
		// or -ignore patterns?  Computing the scope when we
		// don't (yet) support inputs containing errors can make
		// the tool rather brittle.

		// Re-load the larger program.
		iprog, err = loadProgram(ctxt, affectedPackages)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		fromObjects, err = findFromObjects(iprog, spec)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// -- Do the renaming -------------------------------------------------

	r := renamer{
		iprog:        iprog,
		objsToUpdate: make(map[types.Object]bool),
		to:           to,
		packages:     make(map[*types.Package]*loader.PackageInfo),
	}

	// A renaming initiated at an interface method indicates the
	// intention to rename abstract and concrete methods as needed
	// to preserve assignability.
	for _, obj := range fromObjects {
		if obj, ok := obj.(*types.Func); ok {
			recv := obj.Type().(*types.Signature).Recv()
			if recv != nil && isInterface(recv.Type().Underlying()) {
				r.changeMethods = true
				break
			}
		}
	}

	// Only the initially imported packages (iprog.Imported) and
	// their external tests (iprog.Created) should be inspected or
	// modified, as only they have type-checked functions bodies.
	// The rest are just dependencies, needed only for package-level
	// type information.
	for _, info := range iprog.Imported {
		r.packages[info.Pkg] = info
	}
	for _, info := range iprog.Created { // (tests)
		r.packages[info.Pkg] = info
	}

	for _, from := range fromObjects {
		r.check(from)
	}
	if r.hadConflicts && !Force {
		return ConflictError
	}
	if DryRun {
		// TODO(adonovan): print the delta?
		return nil
	}
	return r.update()
}

// loadProgram loads the specified set of packages (plus their tests)
// and all their dependencies, from source, through the specified build
// context.  Only packages in pkgs will have their functions bodies typechecked.
func loadProgram(ctxt *build.Context, pkgs map[string]bool) (*loader.Program, error) {
	conf := loader.Config{
		Build:         ctxt,
		SourceImports: true,
		ParserMode:    parser.ParseComments,

		// TODO(adonovan): enable this.  Requires making a lot of code more robust!
		AllowErrors: false,
	}

	// Optimization: don't type-check the bodies of functions in our
	// dependencies, since we only need exported package members.
	conf.TypeCheckFuncBodies = func(p string) bool {
		return pkgs[p] || pkgs[strings.TrimSuffix(p, "_test")]
	}

	if Verbose {
		var list []string
		for pkg := range pkgs {
			list = append(list, pkg)
		}
		sort.Strings(list)
		for _, pkg := range list {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Loading package: %s\n", pkg)
		}
	}

	for pkg := range pkgs {
		if err := conf.ImportWithTests(pkg); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	return conf.Load()
}

// requiresGlobalRename reports whether this renaming could potentially
// affect other packages in the Go workspace.
func requiresGlobalRename(fromObjects []types.Object, to string) bool {
	var tfm bool
	for _, from := range fromObjects {
		if from.Exported() {
			return true
		}
		switch objectKind(from) {
		case "type", "field", "method":
			tfm = true
		}
	}
	if ast.IsExported(to) && tfm {
		// A global renaming may be necessary even if we're
		// exporting a previous unexported name, since if it's
		// the name of a type, field or method, this could
		// change selections in other packages.
		// (We include "type" in this list because a type
		// used as an embedded struct field entails a field
		// renaming.)
		return true
	}
	return false
}

// update updates the input files.
func (r *renamer) update() error {
	// We use token.File, not filename, since a file may appear to
	// belong to multiple packages and be parsed more than once.
	// token.File captures this distinction; filename does not.
	var nidents int
	var filesToUpdate = make(map[*token.File]bool)
	for _, info := range r.packages {
		// Mutate the ASTs and note the filenames.
		for id, obj := range info.Defs {
			if r.objsToUpdate[obj] {
				nidents++
				id.Name = r.to
				filesToUpdate[r.iprog.Fset.File(id.Pos())] = true
			}
		}
		for id, obj := range info.Uses {
			if r.objsToUpdate[obj] {
				nidents++
				id.Name = r.to
				filesToUpdate[r.iprog.Fset.File(id.Pos())] = true
			}
		}
	}

	// TODO(adonovan): don't rewrite cgo + generated files.
	var nerrs, npkgs int
	for _, info := range r.packages {
		first := true
		for _, f := range info.Files {
			tokenFile := r.iprog.Fset.File(f.Pos())
			if filesToUpdate[tokenFile] {
				if first {
					npkgs++
					first = false
					if Verbose {
						fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Updating package %s\n",
							info.Pkg.Path())
					}
				}
				if err := rewriteFile(r.iprog.Fset, f, tokenFile.Name()); err != nil {
					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "gorename: %s\n", err)
					nerrs++
				}
			}
		}
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Renamed %d occurrence%s in %d file%s in %d package%s.\n",
		nidents, plural(nidents),
		len(filesToUpdate), plural(len(filesToUpdate)),
		npkgs, plural(npkgs))
	if nerrs > 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to rewrite %d file%s", nerrs, plural(nerrs))
	}
	return nil
}

func plural(n int) string {
	if n != 1 {
		return "s"
	}
	return ""
}

func writeFile(name string, fset *token.FileSet, f *ast.File, mode os.FileMode) error {
	out, err := os.OpenFile(name, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC, 0600)
	if err != nil {
		// assume error includes the filename
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open file: %s", err)
	}

	// Oddly, os.OpenFile doesn't preserve all the mode bits, hence
	// this chmod.  (We use 0600 above to avoid a brief
	// vulnerability if the user has an insecure umask.)
	os.Chmod(name, mode) // ignore error

	if err := format.Node(out, fset, f); err != nil {
		out.Close() // ignore error
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write file: %s", err)
	}

	return out.Close()
}

var rewriteFile = func(fset *token.FileSet, f *ast.File, orig string) (err error) {
	backup := orig + ".gorename.backup"
	// TODO(adonovan): print packages and filenames in a form useful
	// to editors (so they can reload files).
	if Verbose {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\t%s\n", orig)
	}
	// save file mode
	var mode os.FileMode = 0666
	if fi, err := os.Stat(orig); err == nil {
		mode = fi.Mode()
	}
	if err := os.Rename(orig, backup); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to make backup %s -> %s: %s",
			orig, filepath.Base(backup), err)
	}
	if err := writeFile(orig, fset, f, mode); err != nil {
		// Restore the file from the backup.
		os.Remove(orig)         // ignore error
		os.Rename(backup, orig) // ignore error
		return err
	}
	os.Remove(backup) // ignore error
	return nil
}