mirror of
https://github.com/golang/go
synced 2024-11-08 19:16:25 -07:00
2cd2ff6f56
CL 236857 removed all uses of whitelist/blacklist, which is great. But it substituted awkward phrasing using allowlist/blocklist, especially as verbs or participles. This CL uses more standard English, like "allow the function" or "blocked functions" instead of "allowlist the function" or "blocklisted functions". Change-Id: I9106a2fdbd62751c4cbda3a77181358a8a6d0f13 Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/236917 Run-TryBot: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org> Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
1449 lines
58 KiB
HTML
1449 lines
58 KiB
HTML
<!--{
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"Title": "Go 1.10 Release Notes",
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"Path": "/doc/go1.10",
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"Template": true
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}-->
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<!--
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NOTE: In this document and others in this directory, the convention is to
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set fixed-width phrases with non-fixed-width spaces, as in
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<code>hello</code> <code>world</code>.
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Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
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-->
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<style>
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main ul li { margin: 0.5em 0; }
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</style>
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<h2 id="introduction">Introduction to Go 1.10</h2>
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<p>
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The latest Go release, version 1.10, arrives six months after <a href="go1.9">Go 1.9</a>.
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Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries.
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As always, the release maintains the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat.html">promise of compatibility</a>.
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We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before.
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</p>
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<p>
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This release improves <a href="#build">caching of built packages</a>,
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adds <a href="#test">caching of successful test results</a>,
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runs <a href="#test-vet">vet automatically during tests</a>,
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and
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permits <a href="#cgo">passing string values directly between Go and C using cgo</a>.
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A new <a href="#cgo">hard-coded set of safe compiler options</a> may cause
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unexpected <a href="https://golang.org/s/invalidflag"><code>invalid
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flag</code></a> errors in code that built successfully with older
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releases.
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</p>
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<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
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<p>
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There are no significant changes to the language specification.
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</p>
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<p><!-- CL 60230 -->
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A corner case involving shifts of untyped constants has been clarified,
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and as a result the compilers have been updated to allow the index expression
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<code>x[1.0</code> <code><<</code> <code>s]</code> where <code>s</code> is an unsigned integer;
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the <a href="/pkg/go/types/">go/types</a> package already did.
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</p>
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<p><!-- CL 73233 -->
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The grammar for method expressions has been updated to relax the
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syntax to allow any type expression as a receiver;
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this matches what the compilers were already implementing.
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For example, <code>struct{io.Reader}.Read</code> is a valid, if unusual,
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method expression that the compilers already accepted and is
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now permitted by the language grammar.
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</p>
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<h2 id="ports">Ports</h2>
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<p>
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There are no new supported operating systems or processor architectures in this release.
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Most of the work has focused on strengthening the support for existing ports,
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in particular <a href="#asm">new instructions in the assembler</a>
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and improvements to the code generated by the compilers.
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</p>
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<p id="freebsd">
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As <a href="go1.9#freebsd">announced in the Go 1.9 release notes</a>,
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Go 1.10 now requires FreeBSD 10.3 or later;
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support for FreeBSD 9.3 has been removed.
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</p>
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<p id="netbsd">
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Go now runs on NetBSD again but requires the unreleased NetBSD 8.
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Only <code>GOARCH</code> <code>amd64</code> and <code>386</code> have
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been fixed. The <code>arm</code> port is still broken.
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</p>
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<p id="mips">
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On 32-bit MIPS systems, the new environment variable settings
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<code>GOMIPS=hardfloat</code> (the default) and
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<code>GOMIPS=softfloat</code> select whether to use
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hardware instructions or software emulation for floating-point computations.
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</p>
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<p id="openbsd">
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Go 1.10 is the last release that will run on OpenBSD 6.0.
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Go 1.11 will require OpenBSD 6.2.
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</p>
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<p id="darwin">
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Go 1.10 is the last release that will run on OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion or OS X 10.9 Mavericks.
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Go 1.11 will require OS X 10.10 Yosemite or later.
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</p>
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<p id="windows">
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Go 1.10 is the last release that will run on Windows XP or Windows Vista.
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Go 1.11 will require Windows 7 or later.
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</p>
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<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
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<h3 id="goroot">Default GOROOT & GOTMPDIR</h3>
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<p>
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If the environment variable <code>$GOROOT</code> is unset,
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the go tool previously used the default <code>GOROOT</code>
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set during toolchain compilation.
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Now, before falling back to that default, the go tool attempts to
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deduce <code>GOROOT</code> from its own executable path.
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This allows binary distributions to be unpacked anywhere in the
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file system and then be used without setting <code>GOROOT</code>
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explicitly.
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</p>
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<p>
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By default, the go tool creates its temporary files and directories
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in the system temporary directory (for example, <code>$TMPDIR</code> on Unix).
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If the new environment variable <code>$GOTMPDIR</code> is set,
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the go tool will creates its temporary files and directories in that directory instead.
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</p>
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<h3 id="build">Build & Install</h3>
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<p>
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The <code>go</code> <code>build</code> command now detects out-of-date packages
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purely based on the content of source files, specified build flags, and metadata stored in the compiled packages.
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Modification times are no longer consulted or relevant.
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The old advice to add <code>-a</code> to force a rebuild in cases where
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the modification times were misleading for one reason or another
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(for example, changes in build flags) is no longer necessary:
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builds now always detect when packages must be rebuilt.
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(If you observe otherwise, please file a bug.)
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code>go</code> <code>build</code> <code>-asmflags</code>, <code>-gcflags</code>, <code>-gccgoflags</code>, and <code>-ldflags</code> options
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now apply by default only to the packages listed directly on the command line.
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For example, <code>go</code> <code>build</code> <code>-gcflags=-m</code> <code>mypkg</code>
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passes the compiler the <code>-m</code> flag when building <code>mypkg</code>
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but not its dependencies.
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The new, more general form <code>-asmflags=pattern=flags</code> (and similarly for the others)
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applies the <code>flags</code> only to the packages matching the pattern.
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For example: <code>go</code> <code>install</code> <code>-ldflags=cmd/gofmt=-X=main.version=1.2.3</code> <code>cmd/...</code>
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installs all the commands matching <code>cmd/...</code> but only applies the <code>-X</code> option
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to the linker flags for <code>cmd/gofmt</code>.
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For more details, see <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Compile_packages_and_dependencies"><code>go</code> <code>help</code> <code>build</code></a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code>go</code> <code>build</code> command now maintains a cache of
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recently built packages, separate from the installed packages in <code>$GOROOT/pkg</code> or <code>$GOPATH/pkg</code>.
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The effect of the cache should be to speed builds that do not explicitly install packages
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or when switching between different copies of source code (for example, when changing
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back and forth between different branches in a version control system).
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The old advice to add the <code>-i</code> flag for speed, as in <code>go</code> <code>build</code> <code>-i</code>
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or <code>go</code> <code>test</code> <code>-i</code>,
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is no longer necessary: builds run just as fast without <code>-i</code>.
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For more details, see <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Build_and_test_caching"><code>go</code> <code>help</code> <code>cache</code></a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code>go</code> <code>install</code> command now installs only the
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packages and commands listed directly on the command line.
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For example, <code>go</code> <code>install</code> <code>cmd/gofmt</code>
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installs the gofmt program but not any of the packages on which it depends.
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The new build cache makes future commands still run as quickly as if the
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dependencies had been installed.
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To force the installation of dependencies, use the new
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<code>go</code> <code>install</code> <code>-i</code> flag.
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Installing dependency packages should not be necessary in general,
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and the very concept of installed packages may disappear in a future release.
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</p>
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<p>
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Many details of the <code>go</code> <code>build</code> implementation have changed to support these improvements.
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One new requirement implied by these changes is that
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binary-only packages must now declare accurate import blocks in their
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stub source code, so that those imports can be made available when
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linking a program using the binary-only package.
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For more details, see <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-File_types"><code>go</code> <code>help</code> <code>filetype</code></a>.
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</p>
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<h3 id="test">Test</h3>
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<p>
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The <code>go</code> <code>test</code> command now caches test results:
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if the test executable and command line match a previous run
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and the files and environment variables consulted by that run
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have not changed either, <code>go</code> <code>test</code> will print
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the previous test output, replacing the elapsed time with the string “(cached).”
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Test caching applies only to successful test results;
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only to <code>go</code> <code>test</code>
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commands with an explicit list of packages; and
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only to command lines using a subset of the
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<code>-cpu</code>, <code>-list</code>, <code>-parallel</code>,
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<code>-run</code>, <code>-short</code>, and <code>-v</code> test flags.
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The idiomatic way to bypass test caching is to use <code>-count=1</code>.
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</p>
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<p id="test-vet">
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The <code>go</code> <code>test</code> command now automatically runs
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<code>go</code> <code>vet</code> on the package being tested,
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to identify significant problems before running the test.
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Any such problems are treated like build errors and prevent execution of the test.
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Only a high-confidence subset of the available <code>go</code> <code>vet</code>
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checks are enabled for this automatic check.
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To disable the running of <code>go</code> <code>vet</code>, use
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<code>go</code> <code>test</code> <code>-vet=off</code>.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code>go</code> <code>test</code> <code>-coverpkg</code> flag now
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interprets its argument as a comma-separated list of patterns to match against
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the dependencies of each test, not as a list of packages to load anew.
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For example, <code>go</code> <code>test</code> <code>-coverpkg=all</code>
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is now a meaningful way to run a test with coverage enabled for the test package
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and all its dependencies.
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Also, the <code>go</code> <code>test</code> <code>-coverprofile</code> option is now
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supported when running multiple tests.
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</p>
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<p>
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In case of failure due to timeout, tests are now more likely to write their profiles before exiting.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code>go</code> <code>test</code> command now always
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merges the standard output and standard error from a given test binary execution
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and writes both to <code>go</code> <code>test</code>'s standard output.
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In past releases, <code>go</code> <code>test</code> only applied this
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merging most of the time.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code>go</code> <code>test</code> <code>-v</code> output
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now includes <code>PAUSE</code> and <code>CONT</code> status update
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lines to mark when <a href="/pkg/testing/#T.Parallel">parallel tests</a> pause and continue.
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</p>
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<p>
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The new <code>go</code> <code>test</code> <code>-failfast</code> flag
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disables running additional tests after any test fails.
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Note that tests running in parallel with the failing test are allowed to complete.
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</p>
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<p>
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Finally, the new <code>go</code> <code>test</code> <code>-json</code> flag
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filters test output through the new command
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<code>go</code> <code>tool</code> <code>test2json</code>
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to produce a machine-readable JSON-formatted description of test execution.
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This allows the creation of rich presentations of test execution
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in IDEs and other tools.
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</p>
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<p>
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For more details about all these changes,
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see <a href="/cmd/go/#hdr-Test_packages"><code>go</code> <code>help</code> <code>test</code></a>
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and the <a href="/cmd/test2json/">test2json documentation</a>.
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</p>
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<h3 id="cgo">Cgo</h3>
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<p>
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Options specified by cgo using <code>#cgo CFLAGS</code> and the like
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are now checked against a list of permitted options.
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This closes a security hole in which a downloaded package uses
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compiler options like
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<span style="white-space: nowrap"><code>-fplugin</code></span>
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to run arbitrary code on the machine where it is being built.
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This can cause a build error such as <code>invalid flag in #cgo CFLAGS</code>.
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For more background, and how to handle this error, see
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<a href="https://golang.org/s/invalidflag">https://golang.org/s/invalidflag</a>.
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</p>
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<p>
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Cgo now implements a C typedef like “<code>typedef</code> <code>X</code> <code>Y</code>” using a Go type alias,
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so that Go code may use the types <code>C.X</code> and <code>C.Y</code> interchangeably.
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It also now supports the use of niladic function-like macros.
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Also, the documentation has been updated to clarify that
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Go structs and Go arrays are not supported in the type signatures of cgo-exported functions.
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</p>
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<p>
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Cgo now supports direct access to Go string values from C.
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Functions in the C preamble may use the type <code>_GoString_</code>
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to accept a Go string as an argument.
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C code may call <code>_GoStringLen</code> and <code>_GoStringPtr</code>
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for direct access to the contents of the string.
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A value of type <code>_GoString_</code>
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may be passed in a call to an exported Go function that takes an argument of Go type <code>string</code>.
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</p>
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<p>
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During toolchain bootstrap, the environment variables <code>CC</code> and <code>CC_FOR_TARGET</code> specify
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the default C compiler that the resulting toolchain will use for host and target builds, respectively.
|
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However, if the toolchain will be used with multiple targets, it may be necessary to specify a different C compiler for each
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(for example, a different compiler for <code>darwin/arm64</code> versus <code>linux/ppc64le</code>).
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The new set of environment variables <code>CC_FOR_<i>goos</i>_<i>goarch</i></code>
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allows specifying a different default C compiler for each target.
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Note that these variables only apply during toolchain bootstrap,
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to set the defaults used by the resulting toolchain.
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Later <code>go</code> <code>build</code> commands use the <code>CC</code> environment
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variable or else the built-in default.
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</p>
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<p>
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Cgo now translates some C types that would normally map to a pointer
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type in Go, to a <code>uintptr</code> instead. These types include
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the <code>CFTypeRef</code> hierarchy in Darwin's CoreFoundation
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framework and the <code>jobject</code> hierarchy in Java's JNI
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interface.
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</p>
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<p>
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These types must be <code>uintptr</code> on the Go side because they
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would otherwise confuse the Go garbage collector; they are sometimes
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not really pointers but data structures encoded in a pointer-sized integer.
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Pointers to Go memory must not be stored in these <code>uintptr</code> values.
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</p>
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<p>
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Because of this change, values of the affected types need to be
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zero-initialized with the constant <code>0</code> instead of the
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constant <code>nil</code>. Go 1.10 provides <code>gofix</code>
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modules to help with that rewrite:
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</p>
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<pre>
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go tool fix -r cftype <pkg>
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go tool fix -r jni <pkg>
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</pre>
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<p>
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For more details, see the <a href="/cmd/cgo/">cgo documentation</a>.
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</p>
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<h3 id="doc">Doc</h3>
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<p>
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The <code>go</code> <code>doc</code> tool now adds functions returning slices of <code>T</code> or <code>*T</code>
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to the display of type <code>T</code>, similar to the existing behavior for functions returning single <code>T</code> or <code>*T</code> results.
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For example:
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</p>
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<pre>
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$ go doc mail.Address
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package mail // import "net/mail"
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type Address struct {
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Name string
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Address string
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}
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Address represents a single mail address.
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func ParseAddress(address string) (*Address, error)
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func ParseAddressList(list string) ([]*Address, error)
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func (a *Address) String() string
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$
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</pre>
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<p>
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|
Previously, <code>ParseAddressList</code> was only shown in the package overview (<code>go</code> <code>doc</code> <code>mail</code>).
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</p>
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<h3 id="fix">Fix</h3>
|
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<p>
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The <code>go</code> <code>fix</code> tool now replaces imports of <code>"golang.org/x/net/context"</code>
|
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with <code>"context"</code>.
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(Forwarding aliases in the former make it completely equivalent to the latter when using Go 1.9 or later.)
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</p>
|
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<h3 id="get">Get</h3>
|
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<p>
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The <code>go</code> <code>get</code> command now supports Fossil source code repositories.
|
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</p>
|
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|
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<h3 id="pprof">Pprof</h3>
|
|
|
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<p>
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The blocking and mutex profiles produced by the <code>runtime/pprof</code> package
|
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now include symbol information, so they can be viewed
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in <code>go</code> <code>tool</code> <code>pprof</code>
|
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without the binary that produced the profile.
|
|
(All other profile types were changed to include symbol information in Go 1.9.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <a href="/cmd/pprof/"><code>go</code> <code>tool</code> <code>pprof</code></a>
|
|
profile visualizer has been updated to git version 9e20b5b (2017-11-08)
|
|
from <a href="https://github.com/google/pprof">github.com/google/pprof</a>,
|
|
which includes an updated web interface.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="vet">Vet</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <a href="/cmd/vet/"><code>go</code> <code>vet</code></a> command now always has access to
|
|
complete, up-to-date type information when checking packages, even for packages using cgo or vendored imports.
|
|
The reports should be more accurate as a result.
|
|
Note that only <code>go</code> <code>vet</code> has access to this information;
|
|
the more low-level <code>go</code> <code>tool</code> <code>vet</code> does not
|
|
and should be avoided except when working on <code>vet</code> itself.
|
|
(As of Go 1.9, <code>go</code> <code>vet</code> provides access to all the same flags as
|
|
<code>go</code> <code>tool</code> <code>vet</code>.)
|
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</p>
|
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<h3 id="diag">Diagnostics</h3>
|
|
|
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<p>
|
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This release includes a new <a href="/doc/diagnostics.html">overview of available Go program diagnostic tools</a>.
|
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</p>
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|
|
|
<h3 id="gofmt">Gofmt</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Two minor details of the default formatting of Go source code have changed.
|
|
First, certain complex three-index slice expressions previously formatted like
|
|
<code>x[i+1</code> <code>:</code> <code>j:k]</code> and now
|
|
format with more consistent spacing: <code>x[i+1</code> <code>:</code> <code>j</code> <code>:</code> <code>k]</code>.
|
|
Second, single-method interface literals written on a single line,
|
|
which are sometimes used in type assertions,
|
|
are no longer split onto multiple lines.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Note that these kinds of minor updates to gofmt are expected from time to time.
|
|
In general, we recommend against building systems that check that source code
|
|
matches the output of a specific version of gofmt.
|
|
For example, a continuous integration test that fails if any code already checked into
|
|
a repository is not “properly formatted” is inherently fragile and not recommended.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
If multiple programs must agree about which version of gofmt is used to format a source file,
|
|
we recommend that they do this by arranging to invoke the same gofmt binary.
|
|
For example, in the Go open source repository, our Git pre-commit hook is written in Go
|
|
and could import <code>go/format</code> directly, but instead it invokes the <code>gofmt</code>
|
|
binary found in the current path, so that the pre-commit hook need not be recompiled
|
|
each time <code>gofmt</code> changes.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="compiler">Compiler Toolchain</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The compiler includes many improvements to the performance of generated code,
|
|
spread fairly evenly across the supported architectures.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The DWARF debug information recorded in binaries has been improved in a few ways:
|
|
constant values are now recorded;
|
|
line number information is more accurate, making source-level stepping through a program work better;
|
|
and each package is now presented as its own DWARF compilation unit.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The various <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1nr-TQHw_er6GOQRsF6T43GGhFDelrAP0NqSS_00RgZQ/edit">build modes</a>
|
|
have been ported to more systems.
|
|
Specifically, <code>c-shared</code> now works on <code>linux/ppc64le</code>, <code>windows/386</code>, and <code>windows/amd64</code>;
|
|
<code>pie</code> now works on <code>darwin/amd64</code> and also forces the use of external linking on all systems;
|
|
and <code>plugin</code> now works on <code>linux/ppc64le</code> and <code>darwin/amd64</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <code>linux/ppc64le</code> port now requires the use of external linking
|
|
with any programs that use cgo, even uses by the standard library.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="asm">Assembler</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
For the ARM 32-bit port, the assembler now supports the instructions
|
|
<code><small>BFC</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>BFI</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>BFX</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>BFXU</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>FMULAD</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>FMULAF</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>FMULSD</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>FMULSF</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>FNMULAD</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>FNMULAF</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>FNMULSD</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>FNMULSF</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>MULAD</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>MULAF</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>MULSD</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>MULSF</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>NMULAD</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>NMULAF</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>NMULD</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>NMULF</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>NMULSD</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>NMULSF</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>XTAB</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>XTABU</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>XTAH</small></code>,
|
|
and
|
|
<code><small>XTAHU</small></code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
For the ARM 64-bit port, the assembler now supports the
|
|
<code><small>VADD</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>VADDP</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>VADDV</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>VAND</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>VCMEQ</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>VDUP</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>VEOR</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>VLD1</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>VMOV</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>VMOVI</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>VMOVS</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>VORR</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>VREV32</small></code>,
|
|
and
|
|
<code><small>VST1</small></code>
|
|
instructions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
For the PowerPC 64-bit port, the assembler now supports the POWER9 instructions
|
|
<code><small>ADDEX</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>CMPEQB</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>COPY</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>DARN</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>LDMX</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>MADDHD</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>MADDHDU</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>MADDLD</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>MFVSRLD</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>MTVSRDD</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>MTVSRWS</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>PASTECC</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>VCMPNEZB</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>VCMPNEZBCC</small></code>,
|
|
and
|
|
<code><small>VMSUMUDM</small></code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
For the S390X port, the assembler now supports the
|
|
<code><small>TMHH</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>TMHL</small></code>,
|
|
<code><small>TMLH</small></code>,
|
|
and
|
|
<code><small>TMLL</small></code>
|
|
instructions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
For the X86 64-bit port, the assembler now supports 359 new instructions,
|
|
including the full AVX, AVX2, BMI, BMI2, F16C, FMA3, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, and SSE4.2 extension sets.
|
|
The assembler also no longer implements <code><small>MOVL</small></code> <code><small>$0,</small></code> <code><small>AX</small></code>
|
|
as an <code><small>XORL</small></code> instruction,
|
|
to avoid clearing the condition flags unexpectedly.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="gccgo">Gccgo</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Due to the alignment of Go's semiannual release schedule with GCC's
|
|
annual release schedule,
|
|
GCC release 7 contains the Go 1.8.3 version of gccgo.
|
|
We expect that the next release, GCC 8, will contain the Go 1.10
|
|
version of gccgo.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="runtime">Runtime</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The behavior of nested calls to
|
|
<a href="/pkg/runtime/#LockOSThread"><code>LockOSThread</code></a> and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/runtime/#UnlockOSThread"><code>UnlockOSThread</code></a>
|
|
has changed.
|
|
These functions control whether a goroutine is locked to a specific operating system thread,
|
|
so that the goroutine only runs on that thread, and the thread only runs that goroutine.
|
|
Previously, calling <code>LockOSThread</code> more than once in a row
|
|
was equivalent to calling it once, and a single <code>UnlockOSThread</code>
|
|
always unlocked the thread.
|
|
Now, the calls nest: if <code>LockOSThread</code> is called multiple times,
|
|
<code>UnlockOSThread</code> must be called the same number of times
|
|
in order to unlock the thread.
|
|
Existing code that was careful not to nest these calls will remain correct.
|
|
Existing code that incorrectly assumed the calls nested will become correct.
|
|
Most uses of these functions in public Go source code falls into the second category.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Because one common use of <code>LockOSThread</code> and <code>UnlockOSThread</code>
|
|
is to allow Go code to reliably modify thread-local state (for example, Linux or Plan 9 name spaces),
|
|
the runtime now treats locked threads as unsuitable for reuse or for creating new threads.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Stack traces no longer include implicit wrapper functions (previously marked <code><autogenerated></code>),
|
|
unless a fault or panic happens in the wrapper itself.
|
|
As a result, skip counts passed to functions like <a href="/pkg/runtime/#Caller"><code>Caller</code></a>
|
|
should now always match the structure of the code as written, rather than depending on
|
|
optimization decisions and implementation details.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The garbage collector has been modified to reduce its impact on allocation latency.
|
|
It now uses a smaller fraction of the overall CPU when running, but it may run more of the time.
|
|
The total CPU consumed by the garbage collector has not changed significantly.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <a href="/pkg/runtime/#GOROOT"><code>GOROOT</code></a> function
|
|
now defaults (when the <code>$GOROOT</code> environment variable is not set)
|
|
to the <code>GOROOT</code> or <code>GOROOT_FINAL</code> in effect
|
|
at the time the calling program was compiled.
|
|
Previously it used the <code>GOROOT</code> or <code>GOROOT_FINAL</code> in effect
|
|
at the time the toolchain that compiled the calling program was compiled.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
There is no longer a limit on the <a href="/pkg/runtime/#GOMAXPROCS"><code>GOMAXPROCS</code></a> setting.
|
|
(In Go 1.9 the limit was 1024.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="performance">Performance</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
As always, the changes are so general and varied that precise
|
|
statements about performance are difficult to make. Most programs
|
|
should run a bit faster, due to speedups in the garbage collector,
|
|
better generated code, and optimizations in the core library.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="gc">Garbage Collector</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Many applications should experience significantly lower allocation latency and overall performance overhead when the garbage collector is active.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="library">Core library</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
All of the changes to the standard library are minor.
|
|
The changes in <a href="#bytes">bytes</a>
|
|
and <a href="#net/url">net/url</a> are the most likely to require updating of existing programs.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
As always, there are various minor changes and updates to the library,
|
|
made with the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat">promise of compatibility</a>
|
|
in mind.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="archive/tar"><dt><a href="/pkg/archive/tar/">archive/tar</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
In general, the handling of special header formats is significantly improved and expanded.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/archive/tar/#FileInfoHeader"><code>FileInfoHeader</code></a> has always
|
|
recorded the Unix UID and GID numbers from its <a href="/pkg/os/#FileInfo"><code>os.FileInfo</code></a> argument
|
|
(specifically, from the system-dependent information returned by the <code>FileInfo</code>'s <code>Sys</code> method)
|
|
in the returned <a href="/pkg/archive/tar/#Header"><code>Header</code></a>.
|
|
Now it also records the user and group names corresponding to those IDs,
|
|
as well as the major and minor device numbers for device files.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The new <a href="/pkg/archive/tar/#Header"><code>Header.Format</code></a> field
|
|
of type <a href="/pkg/archive/tar/#Format"><code>Format</code></a>
|
|
controls which tar header format the <a href="/pkg/archive/tar/#Writer"><code>Writer</code></a> uses.
|
|
The default, as before, is to select the most widely-supported header type
|
|
that can encode the fields needed by the header (USTAR if possible, or else PAX if possible, or else GNU).
|
|
The <a href="/pkg/archive/tar/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a> sets <code>Header.Format</code> for each header it reads.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<code>Reader</code> and the <code>Writer</code> now support arbitrary PAX records,
|
|
using the new <a href="/pkg/archive/tar/#Header"><code>Header.PAXRecords</code></a> field,
|
|
a generalization of the existing <code>Xattrs</code> field.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <code>Reader</code> no longer insists that the file name or link name in GNU headers
|
|
be valid UTF-8.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
When writing PAX- or GNU-format headers, the <code>Writer</code> now includes
|
|
the <code>Header.AccessTime</code> and <code>Header.ChangeTime</code> fields (if set).
|
|
When writing PAX-format headers, the times include sub-second precision.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="archive/zip"><dt><a href="/pkg/archive/zip/">archive/zip</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Go 1.10 adds more complete support for times and character set encodings in ZIP archives.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The original ZIP format used the standard MS-DOS encoding of year, month, day, hour, minute, and second into fields in two 16-bit values.
|
|
That encoding cannot represent time zones or odd seconds, so multiple extensions have been
|
|
introduced to allow richer encodings.
|
|
In Go 1.10, the <a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a> and <a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#Writer"><code>Writer</code></a>
|
|
now support the widely-understood Info-Zip extension that encodes the time separately in the 32-bit Unix “seconds since epoch” form.
|
|
The <a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#FileHeader"><code>FileHeader</code></a>'s new <code>Modified</code> field of type <a href="/pkg/time/#Time"><code>time.Time</code></a>
|
|
obsoletes the <code>ModifiedTime</code> and <code>ModifiedDate</code> fields, which continue to hold the MS-DOS encoding.
|
|
The <code>Reader</code> and <code>Writer</code> now adopt the common
|
|
convention that a ZIP archive storing a time zone-independent Unix time
|
|
also stores the local time in the MS-DOS field,
|
|
so that the time zone offset can be inferred.
|
|
For compatibility, the <a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#FileHeader.ModTime"><code>ModTime</code></a> and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#FileHeader.SetModTime"><code>SetModTime</code></a> methods
|
|
behave the same as in earlier releases; new code should use <code>Modified</code> directly.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The header for each file in a ZIP archive has a flag bit indicating whether
|
|
the name and comment fields are encoded as UTF-8, as opposed to a system-specific default encoding.
|
|
In Go 1.8 and earlier, the <code>Writer</code> never set the UTF-8 bit.
|
|
In Go 1.9, the <code>Writer</code> changed to set the UTF-8 bit almost always.
|
|
This broke the creation of ZIP archives containing Shift-JIS file names.
|
|
In Go 1.10, the <code>Writer</code> now sets the UTF-8 bit only when
|
|
both the name and the comment field are valid UTF-8 and at least one is non-ASCII.
|
|
Because non-ASCII encodings very rarely look like valid UTF-8, the new
|
|
heuristic should be correct nearly all the time.
|
|
Setting a <code>FileHeader</code>'s new <code>NonUTF8</code> field to true
|
|
disables the heuristic entirely for that file.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <code>Writer</code> also now supports setting the end-of-central-directory record's comment field,
|
|
by calling the <code>Writer</code>'s new <a href="/pkg/archive/zip/#Writer.SetComment"><code>SetComment</code></a> method.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="bufio"><dt><a href="/pkg/bufio/">bufio</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The new <a href="/pkg/bufio/#Reader.Size"><code>Reader.Size</code></a>
|
|
and <a href="/pkg/bufio/#Writer.Size"><code>Writer.Size</code></a>
|
|
methods report the <code>Reader</code> or <code>Writer</code>'s underlying buffer size.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="bytes"><dt><a href="/pkg/bytes/">bytes</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The
|
|
<a href="/pkg/bytes/#Fields"><code>Fields</code></a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/bytes/#FieldsFunc"><code>FieldsFunc</code></a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/bytes/#Split"><code>Split</code></a>,
|
|
and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/bytes/#SplitAfter"><code>SplitAfter</code></a>
|
|
functions have always returned subslices of their inputs.
|
|
Go 1.10 changes each returned subslice to have capacity equal to its length,
|
|
so that appending to one cannot overwrite adjacent data in the original input.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="crypto/cipher"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/cipher/">crypto/cipher</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/crypto/cipher/#NewOFB"><code>NewOFB</code></a> now panics if given
|
|
an initialization vector of incorrect length, like the other constructors in the
|
|
package always have.
|
|
(Previously it returned a nil <code>Stream</code> implementation.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="crypto/tls"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/">crypto/tls</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The TLS server now advertises support for SHA-512 signatures when using TLS 1.2.
|
|
The server already supported the signatures, but some clients would not select
|
|
them unless explicitly advertised.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="crypto/x509"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/">crypto/x509</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#Certificate.Verify"><code>Certificate.Verify</code></a>
|
|
now enforces the name constraints for all
|
|
names contained in the certificate, not just the one name that a client has asked about.
|
|
Extended key usage restrictions are similarly now checked all at once.
|
|
As a result, after a certificate has been validated, now it can be trusted in its entirety.
|
|
It is no longer necessary to revalidate the certificate for each additional name
|
|
or key usage.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Parsed certificates also now report URI names and IP, email, and URI constraints, using the new
|
|
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#Certificate"><code>Certificate</code></a> fields
|
|
<code>URIs</code>, <code>PermittedIPRanges</code>, <code>ExcludedIPRanges</code>,
|
|
<code>PermittedEmailAddresses</code>, <code>ExcludedEmailAddresses</code>,
|
|
<code>PermittedURIDomains</code>, and <code>ExcludedURIDomains</code>. Certificates with
|
|
invalid values for those fields are now rejected.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#MarshalPKCS1PublicKey"><code>MarshalPKCS1PublicKey</code></a>
|
|
and <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParsePKCS1PublicKey"><code>ParsePKCS1PublicKey</code></a>
|
|
functions convert an RSA public key to and from PKCS#1-encoded form.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#MarshalPKCS8PrivateKey"><code>MarshalPKCS8PrivateKey</code></a>
|
|
function converts a private key to PKCS#8-encoded form.
|
|
(<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParsePKCS8PrivateKey"><code>ParsePKCS8PrivateKey</code></a>
|
|
has existed since Go 1.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="crypto/x509/pkix"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/pkix/">crypto/x509/pkix</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/pkix/#Name"><code>Name</code></a> now implements a
|
|
<a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/pkix/#Name.String"><code>String</code></a> method that
|
|
formats the X.509 distinguished name in the standard RFC 2253 format.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="database/sql/driver"><dt><a href="/pkg/database/sql/driver/">database/sql/driver</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Drivers that currently hold on to the destination buffer provided by
|
|
<a href="/pkg/database/sql/driver/#Rows.Next"><code>driver.Rows.Next</code></a> should ensure they no longer
|
|
write to a buffer assigned to the destination array outside of that call.
|
|
Drivers must be careful that underlying buffers are not modified when closing
|
|
<a href="/pkg/database/sql/driver/#Rows"><code>driver.Rows</code></a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Drivers that want to construct a <a href="/pkg/database/sql/#DB"><code>sql.DB</code></a> for
|
|
their clients can now implement the <a href="/pkg/database/sql/driver/#Connector"><code>Connector</code></a> interface
|
|
and call the new <a href="/pkg/database/sql/#OpenDB"><code>sql.OpenDB</code></a> function,
|
|
instead of needing to encode all configuration into a string
|
|
passed to <a href="/pkg/database/sql/#Open"><code>sql.Open</code></a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Drivers that want to parse the configuration string only once per <code>sql.DB</code>
|
|
instead of once per <a href="/pkg/database/sql/#Conn"><code>sql.Conn</code></a>,
|
|
or that want access to each <code>sql.Conn</code>'s underlying context,
|
|
can make their <a href="/pkg/database/sql/driver/#Driver"><code>Driver</code></a>
|
|
implementations also implement <a href="/pkg/database/sql/driver/#DriverContext"><code>DriverContext</code></a>'s
|
|
new <code>OpenConnector</code> method.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Drivers that implement <a href="/pkg/database/sql/driver/#ExecerContext"><code>ExecerContext</code></a>
|
|
no longer need to implement <a href="/pkg/database/sql/driver/#Execer"><code>Execer</code></a>;
|
|
similarly, drivers that implement <a href="/pkg/database/sql/driver/#QueryerContext"><code>QueryerContext</code></a>
|
|
no longer need to implement <a href="/pkg/database/sql/driver/#Queryer"><code>Queryer</code></a>.
|
|
Previously, even if the context-based interfaces were implemented they were ignored
|
|
unless the non-context-based interfaces were also implemented.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
To allow drivers to better isolate different clients using a cached driver connection in succession,
|
|
if a <a href="/pkg/database/sql/driver/#Conn"><code>Conn</code></a> implements the new
|
|
<a href="/pkg/database/sql/driver/#SessionResetter"><code>SessionResetter</code></a> interface,
|
|
<code>database/sql</code> will now call <code>ResetSession</code> before
|
|
reusing the <code>Conn</code> for a new client.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="debug/elf"><dt><a href="/pkg/debug/elf/">debug/elf</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
This release adds 348 new relocation constants divided between the relocation types
|
|
<a href="/pkg/debug/elf/#R_386"><code>R_386</code></a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/debug/elf/#R_AARCH64"><code>R_AARCH64</code></a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/debug/elf/#R_ARM"><code>R_ARM</code></a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/debug/elf/#R_PPC64"><code>R_PPC64</code></a>,
|
|
and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/debug/elf/#R_X86_64"><code>R_X86_64</code></a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="debug/macho"><dt><a href="/pkg/debug/macho/">debug/macho</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Go 1.10 adds support for reading relocations from Mach-O sections,
|
|
using the <a href="/pkg/debug/macho#Section"><code>Section</code></a> struct's new <code>Relocs</code> field
|
|
and the new <a href="/pkg/debug/macho/#Reloc"><code>Reloc</code></a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/debug/macho/#RelocTypeARM"><code>RelocTypeARM</code></a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/debug/macho/#RelocTypeARM64"><code>RelocTypeARM64</code></a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/debug/macho/#RelocTypeGeneric"><code>RelocTypeGeneric</code></a>,
|
|
and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/debug/macho/#RelocTypeX86_64"><code>RelocTypeX86_64</code></a>
|
|
types and associated constants.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Go 1.10 also adds support for the <code>LC_RPATH</code> load command,
|
|
represented by the types
|
|
<a href="/pkg/debug/macho/#RpathCmd"><code>RpathCmd</code></a> and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/debug/macho/#Rpath"><code>Rpath</code></a>,
|
|
and new <a href="/pkg/debug/macho/#pkg-constants">named constants</a>
|
|
for the various flag bits found in headers.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="encoding/asn1"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/">encoding/asn1</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#Marshal"><code>Marshal</code></a> now correctly encodes
|
|
strings containing asterisks as type UTF8String instead of PrintableString,
|
|
unless the string is in a struct field with a tag forcing the use of PrintableString.
|
|
<code>Marshal</code> also now respects struct tags containing <code>application</code> directives.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The new <a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#MarshalWithParams"><code>MarshalWithParams</code></a>
|
|
function marshals its argument as if the additional params were its associated
|
|
struct field tag.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/asn1/#Unmarshal"><code>Unmarshal</code></a> now respects
|
|
struct field tags using the <code>explicit</code> and <code>tag</code>
|
|
directives.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Both <code>Marshal</code> and <code>Unmarshal</code> now support a new struct field tag
|
|
<code>numeric</code>, indicating an ASN.1 NumericString.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="encoding/csv"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/csv/">encoding/csv</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/csv/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a> now disallows the use of
|
|
nonsensical <code>Comma</code> and <code>Comment</code> settings,
|
|
such as NUL, carriage return, newline, invalid runes, and the Unicode replacement character,
|
|
or setting <code>Comma</code> and <code>Comment</code> equal to each other.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
In the case of a syntax error in a CSV record that spans multiple input lines, <code>Reader</code>
|
|
now reports the line on which the record started in the <a href="/pkg/encoding/csv/#ParseError"><code>ParseError</code></a>'s new <code>StartLine</code> field.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="encoding/hex"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/hex/">encoding/hex</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The new functions
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/hex/#NewEncoder"><code>NewEncoder</code></a>
|
|
and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/hex/#NewDecoder"><code>NewDecoder</code></a>
|
|
provide streaming conversions to and from hexadecimal,
|
|
analogous to equivalent functions already in
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/base32/">encoding/base32</a>
|
|
and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/base64/">encoding/base64</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
When the functions
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/hex/#Decode"><code>Decode</code></a>
|
|
and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/hex/#DecodeString"><code>DecodeString</code></a>
|
|
encounter malformed input,
|
|
they now return the number of bytes already converted
|
|
along with the error.
|
|
Previously they always returned a count of 0 with any error.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="encoding/json"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/json/">encoding/json</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Decoder"><code>Decoder</code></a>
|
|
adds a new method
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Decoder.DisallowUnknownFields"><code>DisallowUnknownFields</code></a>
|
|
that causes it to report inputs with unknown JSON fields as a decoding error.
|
|
(The default behavior has always been to discard unknown fields.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
As a result of <a href="#reflect">fixing a reflect bug</a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/json/#Unmarshal"><code>Unmarshal</code></a>
|
|
can no longer decode into fields inside
|
|
embedded pointers to unexported struct types,
|
|
because it cannot initialize the unexported embedded pointer
|
|
to point at fresh storage.
|
|
<code>Unmarshal</code> now returns an error in this case.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="encoding/pem"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/pem/">encoding/pem</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/pem/#Encode"><code>Encode</code></a>
|
|
and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/pem/#EncodeToMemory"><code>EncodeToMemory</code></a>
|
|
no longer generate partial output when presented with a
|
|
block that is impossible to encode as PEM data.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="encoding/xml"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/">encoding/xml</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The new function
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#NewTokenDecoder"><code>NewTokenDecoder</code></a>
|
|
is like
|
|
<a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#NewDecoder"><code>NewDecoder</code></a>
|
|
but creates a decoder reading from a <a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/#TokenReader"><code>TokenReader</code></a>
|
|
instead of an XML-formatted byte stream.
|
|
This is meant to enable the construction of XML stream transformers in client libraries.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="flag"><dt><a href="/pkg/flag/">flag</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The default
|
|
<a href="/pkg/flag/#Usage"><code>Usage</code></a> function now prints
|
|
its first line of output to
|
|
<code>CommandLine.Output()</code>
|
|
instead of assuming <code>os.Stderr</code>,
|
|
so that the usage message is properly redirected for
|
|
clients using <code>CommandLine.SetOutput</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/flag/#PrintDefaults"><code>PrintDefaults</code></a> now
|
|
adds appropriate indentation after newlines in flag usage strings,
|
|
so that multi-line usage strings display nicely.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/flag/#FlagSet"><code>FlagSet</code></a> adds new methods
|
|
<a href="/pkg/flag/#FlagSet.ErrorHandling"><code>ErrorHandling</code></a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/flag/#FlagSet.Name"><code>Name</code></a>,
|
|
and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/flag/#FlagSet.Output"><code>Output</code></a>,
|
|
to retrieve the settings passed to
|
|
<a href="/pkg/flag/#NewFlagSet"><code>NewFlagSet</code></a>
|
|
and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/flag/#FlagSet.SetOutput"><code>FlagSet.SetOutput</code></a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="go/doc"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/doc/">go/doc</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
To support the <a href="#doc">doc change</a> described above,
|
|
functions returning slices of <code>T</code>, <code>*T</code>, <code>**T</code>, and so on
|
|
are now reported in <code>T</code>'s <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Type"><code>Type</code></a>'s <code>Funcs</code> list,
|
|
instead of in the <a href="/pkg/go/doc/#Package"><code>Package</code></a>'s <code>Funcs</code> list.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="go/importer"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/importer/">go/importer</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <a href="/pkg/go/importer/#For"><code>For</code></a> function now accepts a non-nil lookup argument.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="go/printer"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/printer/">go/printer</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The changes to the default formatting of Go source code
|
|
discussed in the <a href="#gofmt">gofmt section</a> above
|
|
are implemented in the <a href="/pkg/go/printer/">go/printer</a> package
|
|
and also affect the output of the higher-level <a href="/pkg/go/format/">go/format</a> package.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="hash"><dt><a href="/pkg/hash/">hash</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Implementations of the <a href="/pkg/hash/#Hash"><code>Hash</code></a> interface are now
|
|
encouraged to implement <a href="/pkg/encoding/#BinaryMarshaler"><code>encoding.BinaryMarshaler</code></a>
|
|
and <a href="/pkg/encoding/#BinaryUnmarshaler"><code>encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler</code></a>
|
|
to allow saving and recreating their internal state,
|
|
and all implementations in the standard library
|
|
(<a href="/pkg/hash/crc32/">hash/crc32</a>, <a href="/pkg/crypto/sha256/">crypto/sha256</a>, and so on)
|
|
now implement those interfaces.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="html/template"><dt><a href="/pkg/html/template/">html/template</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The new <a href="/pkg/html/template#Srcset"><code>Srcset</code></a> content
|
|
type allows for proper handling of values within the
|
|
<a href="https://w3c.github.io/html/semantics-embedded-content.html#element-attrdef-img-srcset"><code>srcset</code></a>
|
|
attribute of <code>img</code> tags.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="math/big"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/big/">math/big</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Int"><code>Int</code></a> now supports conversions to and from bases 2 through 62
|
|
in its <a href="/pkg/math/big/#Int.SetString"><code>SetString</code></a> and <a href="/pkg/math/big/#Text"><code>Text</code></a> methods.
|
|
(Previously it only allowed bases 2 through 36.)
|
|
The value of the constant <code>MaxBase</code> has been updated.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Int"><code>Int</code></a> adds a new
|
|
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#CmpAbs"><code>CmpAbs</code></a> method
|
|
that is like <a href="/pkg/math/big/#Cmp"><code>Cmp</code></a> but
|
|
compares only the absolute values (not the signs) of its arguments.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Float"><code>Float</code></a> adds a new
|
|
<a href="/pkg/math/big/#Float.Sqrt"><code>Sqrt</code></a> method to
|
|
compute square roots.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="math/cmplx"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/cmplx/">math/cmplx</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Branch cuts and other boundary cases in
|
|
<a href="/pkg/math/cmplx/#Asin"><code>Asin</code></a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/math/cmplx/#Asinh"><code>Asinh</code></a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/math/cmplx/#Atan"><code>Atan</code></a>,
|
|
and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/math/cmplx/#Sqrt"><code>Sqrt</code></a>
|
|
have been corrected to match the definitions used in the C99 standard.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="math/rand"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/rand/">math/rand</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The new <a href="/pkg/math/rand/#Shuffle"><code>Shuffle</code></a> function and corresponding
|
|
<a href="/pkg/math/rand/#Rand.Shuffle"><code>Rand.Shuffle</code></a> method
|
|
shuffle an input sequence.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="math"><dt><a href="/pkg/math/">math</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The new functions
|
|
<a href="/pkg/math/#Round"><code>Round</code></a>
|
|
and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/math/#RoundToEven"><code>RoundToEven</code></a>
|
|
round their arguments to the nearest floating-point integer;
|
|
<code>Round</code> rounds a half-integer to its larger integer neighbor (away from zero)
|
|
while <code>RoundToEven</code> rounds a half-integer to its even integer neighbor.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The new functions
|
|
<a href="/pkg/math/#Erfinv"><code>Erfinv</code></a>
|
|
and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/math/#Erfcinv"><code>Erfcinv</code></a>
|
|
compute the inverse error function and the
|
|
inverse complementary error function.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="mime/multipart"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/">mime/multipart</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/mime/multipart/#Reader"><code>Reader</code></a>
|
|
now accepts parts with empty filename attributes.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="mime"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/">mime</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/mime/#ParseMediaType"><code>ParseMediaType</code></a> now discards
|
|
invalid attribute values; previously it returned those values as empty strings.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="net"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/">net</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <a href="/pkg/net/#Conn"><code>Conn</code></a> and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/#Conn"><code>Listener</code></a> implementations
|
|
in this package now guarantee that when <code>Close</code> returns,
|
|
the underlying file descriptor has been closed.
|
|
(In earlier releases, if the <code>Close</code> stopped pending I/O
|
|
in other goroutines, the closing of the file descriptor could happen in one of those
|
|
goroutines shortly after <code>Close</code> returned.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/#TCPListener"><code>TCPListener</code></a> and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/#UnixListener"><code>UnixListener</code></a>
|
|
now implement
|
|
<a href="/pkg/syscall/#Conn"><code>syscall.Conn</code></a>,
|
|
to allow setting options on the underlying file descriptor
|
|
using <a href="/pkg/syscall/#RawConn"><code>syscall.RawConn.Control</code></a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <code>Conn</code> implementations returned by <a href="/pkg/net/#Pipe"><code>Pipe</code></a>
|
|
now support setting read and write deadlines.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <a href="/pkg/net/#IPConn.ReadMsgIP"><code>IPConn.ReadMsgIP</code></a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/#IPConn.WriteMsgIP"><code>IPConn.WriteMsgIP</code></a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/#UDPConn.ReadMsgUDP"><code>UDPConn.ReadMsgUDP</code></a>,
|
|
and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/#UDPConn.WriteMsgUDP"><code>UDPConn.WriteMsgUDP</code></a>,
|
|
methods are now implemented on Windows.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="net/http"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/">net/http</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
On the client side, an HTTP proxy (most commonly configured by
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#ProxyFromEnvironment"><code>ProxyFromEnvironment</code></a>)
|
|
can now be specified as an <code>https://</code> URL,
|
|
meaning that the client connects to the proxy over HTTPS before issuing a standard, proxied HTTP request.
|
|
(Previously, HTTP proxy URLs were required to begin with <code>http://</code> or <code>socks5://</code>.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
On the server side, <a href="/pkg/net/http/#FileServer"><code>FileServer</code></a> and its single-file equivalent <a href="/pkg/net/http/#ServeFile"><code>ServeFile</code></a>
|
|
now apply <code>If-Range</code> checks to <code>HEAD</code> requests.
|
|
<code>FileServer</code> also now reports directory read failures to the <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Server"><code>Server</code></a>'s <code>ErrorLog</code>.
|
|
The content-serving handlers also now omit the <code>Content-Type</code> header when serving zero-length content.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#ResponseWriter"><code>ResponseWriter</code></a>'s <code>WriteHeader</code> method now panics
|
|
if passed an invalid (non-3-digit) status code.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<!-- CL 46631 -->
|
|
The <code>Server</code> will no longer add an implicit Content-Type when a <code>Handler</code> does not write any output.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/http/#Redirect"><code>Redirect</code></a> now sets the <code>Content-Type</code> header before writing its HTTP response.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="net/mail"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/mail/">net/mail</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/mail/#ParseAddress"><code>ParseAddress</code></a> and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/mail/#ParseAddressList"><code>ParseAddressList</code></a>
|
|
now support a variety of obsolete address formats.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="net/smtp"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/smtp/">net/smtp</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <a href="/pkg/net/smtp/#Client"><code>Client</code></a> adds a new
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/smtp/#Client.Noop"><code>Noop</code></a> method,
|
|
to test whether the server is still responding.
|
|
It also now defends against possible SMTP injection in the inputs
|
|
to the <a href="/pkg/net/smtp/#Client.Hello"><code>Hello</code></a>
|
|
and <a href="/pkg/net/smtp/#Client.Verify"><code>Verify</code></a> methods.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="net/textproto"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/textproto/">net/textproto</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/textproto/#ReadMIMEHeader"><code>ReadMIMEHeader</code></a>
|
|
now rejects any header that begins with a continuation (indented) header line.
|
|
Previously a header with an indented first line was treated as if the first line
|
|
were not indented.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="net/url"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/url/">net/url</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/url/#ResolveReference"><code>ResolveReference</code></a>
|
|
now preserves multiple leading slashes in the target URL.
|
|
Previously it rewrote multiple leading slashes to a single slash,
|
|
which resulted in the <a href="/pkg/net/http/#Client"><code>http.Client</code></a>
|
|
following certain redirects incorrectly.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
For example, this code's output has changed:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<pre>
|
|
base, _ := url.Parse("http://host//path//to/page1")
|
|
target, _ := url.Parse("page2")
|
|
fmt.Println(base.ResolveReference(target))
|
|
</pre>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Note the doubled slashes around <code>path</code>.
|
|
In Go 1.9 and earlier, the resolved URL was <code>http://host/path//to/page2</code>:
|
|
the doubled slash before <code>path</code> was incorrectly rewritten
|
|
to a single slash, while the doubled slash after <code>path</code> was
|
|
correctly preserved.
|
|
Go 1.10 preserves both doubled slashes, resolving to <code>http://host//path//to/page2</code>
|
|
as required by <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2">RFC 3986</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This change may break existing buggy programs that unintentionally
|
|
construct a base URL with a leading doubled slash in the path and inadvertently
|
|
depend on <code>ResolveReference</code> to correct that mistake.
|
|
For example, this can happen if code adds a host prefix
|
|
like <code>http://host/</code> to a path like <code>/my/api</code>,
|
|
resulting in a URL with a doubled slash: <code>http://host//my/api</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/net/url/#UserInfo"><code>UserInfo</code></a>'s methods
|
|
now treat a nil receiver as equivalent to a pointer to a zero <code>UserInfo</code>.
|
|
Previously, they panicked.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="os"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/">os</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/os/#File"><code>File</code></a> adds new methods
|
|
<a href="/pkg/os/#File.SetDeadline"><code>SetDeadline</code></a>,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/os/#File.SetReadDeadline"><code>SetReadDeadline</code></a>,
|
|
and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/os/#File.SetWriteDeadline"><code>SetWriteDeadline</code></a>
|
|
that allow setting I/O deadlines when the
|
|
underlying file descriptor supports non-blocking I/O operations.
|
|
The definition of these methods matches those in <a href="/pkg/net/#Conn"><code>net.Conn</code></a>.
|
|
If an I/O method fails due to missing a deadline, it will return a
|
|
timeout error; the
|
|
new <a href="/pkg/os/#IsTimeout"><code>IsTimeout</code></a> function
|
|
reports whether an error represents a timeout.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Also matching <code>net.Conn</code>,
|
|
<code>File</code>'s
|
|
<a href="/pkg/os/#File.Close"><code>Close</code></a> method
|
|
now guarantee that when <code>Close</code> returns,
|
|
the underlying file descriptor has been closed.
|
|
(In earlier releases,
|
|
if the <code>Close</code> stopped pending I/O
|
|
in other goroutines, the closing of the file descriptor could happen in one of those
|
|
goroutines shortly after <code>Close</code> returned.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
On BSD, macOS, and Solaris systems,
|
|
<a href="/pkg/os/#Chtimes"><code>Chtimes</code></a>
|
|
now supports setting file times with nanosecond precision
|
|
(assuming the underlying file system can represent them).
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="reflect"><dt><a href="/pkg/reflect/">reflect</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <a href="/pkg/reflect/#Copy"><code>Copy</code></a> function now allows copying
|
|
from a string into a byte array or byte slice, to match the
|
|
<a href="/pkg/builtin/#copy">built-in copy function</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
In structs, embedded pointers to unexported struct types were
|
|
previously incorrectly reported with an empty <code>PkgPath</code>
|
|
in the corresponding <a href="/pkg/reflect/#StructField">StructField</a>,
|
|
with the result that for those fields,
|
|
and <a href="/pkg/reflect/#Value.CanSet"><code>Value.CanSet</code></a>
|
|
incorrectly returned true and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/reflect/#Value.Set"><code>Value.Set</code></a>
|
|
incorrectly succeeded.
|
|
The underlying metadata has been corrected;
|
|
for those fields,
|
|
<code>CanSet</code> now correctly returns false
|
|
and <code>Set</code> now correctly panics.
|
|
This may affect reflection-based unmarshalers
|
|
that could previously unmarshal into such fields
|
|
but no longer can.
|
|
For example, see the <a href="#encoding/json"><code>encoding/json</code> notes</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="runtime/pprof"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof/">runtime/pprof</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
As <a href="#pprof">noted above</a>, the blocking and mutex profiles
|
|
now include symbol information so that they can be viewed without needing
|
|
the binary that generated them.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="strconv"><dt><a href="/pkg/strconv/">strconv</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/strconv/#ParseUint"><code>ParseUint</code></a> now returns
|
|
the maximum magnitude integer of the appropriate size
|
|
with any <code>ErrRange</code> error, as it was already documented to do.
|
|
Previously it returned 0 with <code>ErrRange</code> errors.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="strings"><dt><a href="/pkg/strings/">strings</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
A new type
|
|
<a href="/pkg/strings/#Builder"><code>Builder</code></a> is a replacement for
|
|
<a href="/pkg/bytes/#Buffer"><code>bytes.Buffer</code></a> for the use case of
|
|
accumulating text into a <code>string</code> result.
|
|
The <code>Builder</code>'s API is a restricted subset of <code>bytes.Buffer</code>'s
|
|
that allows it to safely avoid making a duplicate copy of the data
|
|
during the <a href="/pkg/strings/#Builder.String"><code>String</code></a> method.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="syscall"><dt><a href="/pkg/syscall/">syscall</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
On Windows,
|
|
the new <a href="/pkg/syscall/#SysProcAttr"><code>SysProcAttr</code></a> field <code>Token</code>,
|
|
of type <a href="/pkg/syscall/#Token"><code>Token</code></a> allows the creation of a process that
|
|
runs as another user during <a href="/pkg/syscall/#StartProcess"><code>StartProcess</code></a>
|
|
(and therefore also during <a href="/pkg/os/#StartProcess"><code>os.StartProcess</code></a> and
|
|
<a href="/pkg/os/exec/#Cmd.Start"><code>exec.Cmd.Start</code></a>).
|
|
The new function <a href="/pkg/syscall/#CreateProcessAsUser"><code>CreateProcessAsUser</code></a>
|
|
gives access to the underlying system call.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
On BSD, macOS, and Solaris systems, <a href="/pkg/syscall/#UtimesNano"><code>UtimesNano</code></a>
|
|
is now implemented.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="time"><dt><a href="/pkg/time/">time</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="/pkg/time/#LoadLocation"><code>LoadLocation</code></a> now uses the directory
|
|
or uncompressed zip file named by the <code>$ZONEINFO</code>
|
|
environment variable before looking in the default system-specific list of
|
|
known installation locations or in <code>$GOROOT/lib/time/zoneinfo.zip</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The new function <a href="/pkg/time/#LoadLocationFromTZData"><code>LoadLocationFromTZData</code></a>
|
|
allows conversion of IANA time zone file data to a <a href="/pkg/time/#Location"><code>Location</code></a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<dl id="unicode"><dt><a href="/pkg/unicode/">unicode</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The <a href="/pkg/unicode/"><code>unicode</code></a> package and associated
|
|
support throughout the system has been upgraded from Unicode 9.0 to
|
|
<a href="http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode10.0.0/">Unicode 10.0</a>,
|
|
which adds 8,518 new characters, including four new scripts, one new property,
|
|
a Bitcoin currency symbol, and 56 new emoji.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dl>
|