// Copyright 2015 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style // license that can be found in the LICENSE file. package shared_test import ( "bufio" "bytes" "debug/elf" "encoding/binary" "errors" "flag" "fmt" "go/build" "io" "io/ioutil" "log" "math/rand" "os" "os/exec" "path/filepath" "regexp" "strings" "testing" "time" ) var gopathInstallDir, gorootInstallDir, suffix string // This is the smallest set of packages we can link into a shared // library (runtime/cgo is built implicitly). var minpkgs = []string{"runtime", "sync/atomic"} var soname = "libruntime,sync-atomic.so" // run runs a command and calls t.Errorf if it fails. func run(t *testing.T, msg string, args ...string) { c := exec.Command(args[0], args[1:]...) if output, err := c.CombinedOutput(); err != nil { t.Errorf("executing %s (%s) failed %s:\n%s", strings.Join(args, " "), msg, err, output) } } // goCmd invokes the go tool with the installsuffix set up by TestMain. It calls // t.Errorf if the command fails. func goCmd(t *testing.T, args ...string) { newargs := []string{args[0], "-installsuffix=" + suffix} if testing.Verbose() { newargs = append(newargs, "-v") } newargs = append(newargs, args[1:]...) c := exec.Command("go", newargs...) var output []byte var err error if testing.Verbose() { fmt.Printf("+ go %s\n", strings.Join(newargs, " ")) c.Stdout = os.Stdout c.Stderr = os.Stderr err = c.Run() } else { output, err = c.CombinedOutput() } if err != nil { if t != nil { t.Errorf("executing %s failed %v:\n%s", strings.Join(c.Args, " "), err, output) } else { log.Fatalf("executing %s failed %v:\n%s", strings.Join(c.Args, " "), err, output) } } } // TestMain calls testMain so that the latter can use defer (TestMain exits with os.Exit). func testMain(m *testing.M) (int, error) { // Because go install -buildmode=shared $standard_library_package always // installs into $GOROOT, here are some gymnastics to come up with a unique // installsuffix to use in this test that we can clean up afterwards. myContext := build.Default runtimeP, err := myContext.Import("runtime", ".", build.ImportComment) if err != nil { return 0, fmt.Errorf("import failed: %v", err) } for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ { try := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%d_dynlink", runtimeP.PkgTargetRoot, rand.Int63()) err = os.Mkdir(try, 0700) if os.IsExist(err) { continue } if err == nil { gorootInstallDir = try } break } if err != nil { return 0, fmt.Errorf("can't create temporary directory: %v", err) } if gorootInstallDir == "" { return 0, errors.New("could not create temporary directory after 10000 tries") } defer os.RemoveAll(gorootInstallDir) // Some tests need to edit the source in GOPATH, so copy this directory to a // temporary directory and chdir to that. scratchDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "testshared") if err != nil { return 0, fmt.Errorf("TempDir failed: %v", err) } defer os.RemoveAll(scratchDir) err = filepath.Walk(".", func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error { scratchPath := filepath.Join(scratchDir, path) if info.IsDir() { if path == "." { return nil } return os.Mkdir(scratchPath, info.Mode()) } else { fromBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path) if err != nil { return err } return ioutil.WriteFile(scratchPath, fromBytes, info.Mode()) } }) if err != nil { return 0, fmt.Errorf("walk failed: %v", err) } os.Setenv("GOPATH", scratchDir) myContext.GOPATH = scratchDir os.Chdir(scratchDir) // All tests depend on runtime being built into a shared library. Because // that takes a few seconds, do it here and have all tests use the version // built here. suffix = strings.Split(filepath.Base(gorootInstallDir), "_")[2] goCmd(nil, append([]string{"install", "-buildmode=shared"}, minpkgs...)...) myContext.InstallSuffix = suffix + "_dynlink" depP, err := myContext.Import("dep", ".", build.ImportComment) if err != nil { return 0, fmt.Errorf("import failed: %v", err) } gopathInstallDir = depP.PkgTargetRoot return m.Run(), nil } func TestMain(m *testing.M) { // Some of the tests install binaries into a custom GOPATH. // That won't work if GOBIN is set. os.Unsetenv("GOBIN") flag.Parse() exitCode, err := testMain(m) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } os.Exit(exitCode) } // The shared library was built at the expected location. func TestSOBuilt(t *testing.T) { _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(gorootInstallDir, soname)) if err != nil { t.Error(err) } } // The install command should have created a "shlibname" file for the // listed packages (and runtime/cgo) indicating the name of the shared // library containing it. func TestShlibnameFiles(t *testing.T) { pkgs := append([]string{}, minpkgs...) pkgs = append(pkgs, "runtime/cgo") for _, pkg := range pkgs { shlibnamefile := filepath.Join(gorootInstallDir, pkg+".shlibname") contentsb, err := ioutil.ReadFile(shlibnamefile) if err != nil { t.Errorf("error reading shlibnamefile for %s: %v", pkg, err) continue } contents := strings.TrimSpace(string(contentsb)) if contents != soname { t.Errorf("shlibnamefile for %s has wrong contents: %q", pkg, contents) } } } // Is a given offset into the file contained in a loaded segment? func isOffsetLoaded(f *elf.File, offset uint64) bool { for _, prog := range f.Progs { if prog.Type == elf.PT_LOAD { if prog.Off <= offset && offset < prog.Off+prog.Filesz { return true } } } return false } func rnd(v int32, r int32) int32 { if r <= 0 { return v } v += r - 1 c := v % r if c < 0 { c += r } v -= c return v } func readwithpad(r io.Reader, sz int32) ([]byte, error) { data := make([]byte, rnd(sz, 4)) _, err := io.ReadFull(r, data) if err != nil { return nil, err } data = data[:sz] return data, nil } type note struct { name string tag int32 desc string section *elf.Section } // Read all notes from f. As ELF section names are not supposed to be special, one // looks for a particular note by scanning all SHT_NOTE sections looking for a note // with a particular "name" and "tag". func readNotes(f *elf.File) ([]*note, error) { var notes []*note for _, sect := range f.Sections { if sect.Type != elf.SHT_NOTE { continue } r := sect.Open() for { var namesize, descsize, tag int32 err := binary.Read(r, f.ByteOrder, &namesize) if err != nil { if err == io.EOF { break } return nil, fmt.Errorf("read namesize failed:", err) } err = binary.Read(r, f.ByteOrder, &descsize) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("read descsize failed:", err) } err = binary.Read(r, f.ByteOrder, &tag) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("read type failed:", err) } name, err := readwithpad(r, namesize) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("read name failed:", err) } desc, err := readwithpad(r, descsize) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("read desc failed:", err) } notes = append(notes, ¬e{name: string(name), tag: tag, desc: string(desc), section: sect}) } } return notes, nil } func dynStrings(path string, flag elf.DynTag) []string { f, err := elf.Open(path) defer f.Close() if err != nil { log.Fatal("elf.Open failed: ", err) } dynstrings, err := f.DynString(flag) if err != nil { log.Fatal("dynstring failed: ", err) } return dynstrings } func AssertIsLinkedToRegexp(t *testing.T, path string, re *regexp.Regexp) { for _, dynstring := range dynStrings(path, elf.DT_NEEDED) { if re.MatchString(dynstring) { return } } t.Errorf("%s is not linked to anything matching %v", path, re) } func AssertIsLinkedTo(t *testing.T, path, lib string) { AssertIsLinkedToRegexp(t, path, regexp.MustCompile(regexp.QuoteMeta(lib))) } func AssertHasRPath(t *testing.T, path, dir string) { for _, tag := range []elf.DynTag{elf.DT_RPATH, elf.DT_RUNPATH} { for _, dynstring := range dynStrings(path, tag) { for _, rpath := range strings.Split(dynstring, ":") { if filepath.Clean(rpath) == filepath.Clean(dir) { return } } } } t.Errorf("%s does not have rpath %s", path, dir) } // Build a trivial program that links against the shared runtime and check it runs. func TestTrivialExecutable(t *testing.T) { goCmd(t, "install", "-linkshared", "trivial") run(t, "trivial executable", "./bin/trivial") AssertIsLinkedTo(t, "./bin/trivial", soname) AssertHasRPath(t, "./bin/trivial", gorootInstallDir) } // Build an executable that uses cgo linked against the shared runtime and check it // runs. func TestCgoExecutable(t *testing.T) { goCmd(t, "install", "-linkshared", "execgo") run(t, "cgo executable", "./bin/execgo") } // Build a GOPATH package into a shared library that links against the goroot runtime // and an executable that links against both. func TestGopathShlib(t *testing.T) { goCmd(t, "install", "-buildmode=shared", "-linkshared", "dep") AssertIsLinkedTo(t, filepath.Join(gopathInstallDir, "libdep.so"), soname) goCmd(t, "install", "-linkshared", "exe") AssertIsLinkedTo(t, "./bin/exe", soname) AssertIsLinkedTo(t, "./bin/exe", "libdep.so") AssertHasRPath(t, "./bin/exe", gorootInstallDir) AssertHasRPath(t, "./bin/exe", gopathInstallDir) // And check it runs. run(t, "executable linked to GOPATH library", "./bin/exe") } // The shared library contains a note listing the packages it contains in a section // that is not mapped into memory. func testPkgListNote(t *testing.T, f *elf.File, note *note) { if note.section.Flags != 0 { t.Errorf("package list section has flags %v", note.section.Flags) } if isOffsetLoaded(f, note.section.Offset) { t.Errorf("package list section contained in PT_LOAD segment") } if note.desc != "dep\n" { t.Errorf("incorrect package list %q", note.desc) } } // The shared library contains a note containing the ABI hash that is mapped into // memory and there is a local symbol called go.link.abihashbytes that points 16 // bytes into it. func testABIHashNote(t *testing.T, f *elf.File, note *note) { if note.section.Flags != elf.SHF_ALLOC { t.Errorf("abi hash section has flags %v", note.section.Flags) } if !isOffsetLoaded(f, note.section.Offset) { t.Errorf("abihash section not contained in PT_LOAD segment") } var hashbytes elf.Symbol symbols, err := f.Symbols() if err != nil { t.Errorf("error reading symbols %v", err) return } for _, sym := range symbols { if sym.Name == "go.link.abihashbytes" { hashbytes = sym } } if hashbytes.Name == "" { t.Errorf("no symbol called go.link.abihashbytes") return } if elf.ST_BIND(hashbytes.Info) != elf.STB_LOCAL { t.Errorf("%s has incorrect binding %v", hashbytes.Name, elf.ST_BIND(hashbytes.Info)) } if f.Sections[hashbytes.Section] != note.section { t.Errorf("%s has incorrect section %v", hashbytes.Name, f.Sections[hashbytes.Section].Name) } if hashbytes.Value-note.section.Addr != 16 { t.Errorf("%s has incorrect offset into section %d", hashbytes.Name, hashbytes.Value-note.section.Addr) } } // A Go shared library contains a note indicating which other Go shared libraries it // was linked against in an unmapped section. func testDepsNote(t *testing.T, f *elf.File, note *note) { if note.section.Flags != 0 { t.Errorf("package list section has flags %v", note.section.Flags) } if isOffsetLoaded(f, note.section.Offset) { t.Errorf("package list section contained in PT_LOAD segment") } // libdep.so just links against the lib containing the runtime. if note.desc != soname { t.Errorf("incorrect dependency list %q", note.desc) } } // The shared library contains notes with defined contents; see above. func TestNotes(t *testing.T) { goCmd(t, "install", "-buildmode=shared", "-linkshared", "dep") f, err := elf.Open(filepath.Join(gopathInstallDir, "libdep.so")) if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } defer f.Close() notes, err := readNotes(f) if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) } pkgListNoteFound := false abiHashNoteFound := false depsNoteFound := false for _, note := range notes { if note.name != "Go\x00\x00" { continue } switch note.tag { case 1: // ELF_NOTE_GOPKGLIST_TAG if pkgListNoteFound { t.Error("multiple package list notes") } testPkgListNote(t, f, note) pkgListNoteFound = true case 2: // ELF_NOTE_GOABIHASH_TAG if abiHashNoteFound { t.Error("multiple abi hash notes") } testABIHashNote(t, f, note) abiHashNoteFound = true case 3: // ELF_NOTE_GODEPS_TAG if depsNoteFound { t.Error("multiple abi hash notes") } testDepsNote(t, f, note) depsNoteFound = true } } if !pkgListNoteFound { t.Error("package list note not found") } if !abiHashNoteFound { t.Error("abi hash note not found") } if !depsNoteFound { t.Error("deps note not found") } } // Build a GOPATH package (dep) into a shared library that links against the goroot // runtime, another package (dep2) that links against the first, and and an // executable that links against dep2. func TestTwoGopathShlibs(t *testing.T) { goCmd(t, "install", "-buildmode=shared", "-linkshared", "dep") goCmd(t, "install", "-buildmode=shared", "-linkshared", "dep2") goCmd(t, "install", "-linkshared", "exe2") run(t, "executable linked to GOPATH library", "./bin/exe2") } // Build a GOPATH package into a shared library with gccgo and an executable that // links against it. func TestGoPathShlibGccgo(t *testing.T) { gccgoName := os.Getenv("GCCGO") if gccgoName == "" { gccgoName = "gccgo" } _, err := exec.LookPath(gccgoName) if err != nil { t.Skip("gccgo not found") } libgoRE := regexp.MustCompile("libgo.so.[0-9]+") gccgoContext := build.Default gccgoContext.InstallSuffix = suffix + "_fPIC" gccgoContext.Compiler = "gccgo" gccgoContext.GOPATH = os.Getenv("GOPATH") depP, err := gccgoContext.Import("dep", ".", build.ImportComment) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("import failed: %v", err) } gccgoInstallDir := filepath.Join(depP.PkgTargetRoot, "shlibs") goCmd(t, "install", "-compiler=gccgo", "-buildmode=shared", "-linkshared", "dep") AssertIsLinkedToRegexp(t, filepath.Join(gccgoInstallDir, "libdep.so"), libgoRE) goCmd(t, "install", "-compiler=gccgo", "-linkshared", "exe") AssertIsLinkedToRegexp(t, "./bin/exe", libgoRE) AssertIsLinkedTo(t, "./bin/exe", "libdep.so") AssertHasRPath(t, "./bin/exe", gccgoInstallDir) // And check it runs. run(t, "gccgo-built", "./bin/exe") } // The gccgo version of TestTwoGopathShlibs: build a GOPATH package into a shared // library with gccgo, another GOPATH package that depends on the first and an // executable that links the second library. func TestTwoGopathShlibsGccgo(t *testing.T) { gccgoName := os.Getenv("GCCGO") if gccgoName == "" { gccgoName = "gccgo" } _, err := exec.LookPath(gccgoName) if err != nil { t.Skip("gccgo not found") } libgoRE := regexp.MustCompile("libgo.so.[0-9]+") gccgoContext := build.Default gccgoContext.InstallSuffix = suffix + "_fPIC" gccgoContext.Compiler = "gccgo" gccgoContext.GOPATH = os.Getenv("GOPATH") depP, err := gccgoContext.Import("dep", ".", build.ImportComment) if err != nil { t.Fatalf("import failed: %v", err) } gccgoInstallDir := filepath.Join(depP.PkgTargetRoot, "shlibs") goCmd(t, "install", "-compiler=gccgo", "-buildmode=shared", "-linkshared", "dep") goCmd(t, "install", "-compiler=gccgo", "-buildmode=shared", "-linkshared", "dep2") goCmd(t, "install", "-compiler=gccgo", "-linkshared", "exe2") AssertIsLinkedToRegexp(t, filepath.Join(gccgoInstallDir, "libdep.so"), libgoRE) AssertIsLinkedToRegexp(t, filepath.Join(gccgoInstallDir, "libdep2.so"), libgoRE) AssertIsLinkedTo(t, filepath.Join(gccgoInstallDir, "libdep2.so"), "libdep.so") AssertIsLinkedToRegexp(t, "./bin/exe2", libgoRE) AssertIsLinkedTo(t, "./bin/exe2", "libdep2") AssertIsLinkedTo(t, "./bin/exe2", "libdep.so") // And check it runs. run(t, "gccgo-built", "./bin/exe2") } // Testing rebuilding of shared libraries when they are stale is a bit more // complicated that it seems like it should be. First, we make everything "old": but // only a few seconds old, or it might be older than gc (or the runtime source) and // everything will get rebuilt. Then define a timestamp slightly newer than this // time, which is what we set the mtime to of a file to cause it to be seen as new, // and finally another slightly even newer one that we can compare files against to // see if they have been rebuilt. var oldTime = time.Now().Add(-9 * time.Second) var nearlyNew = time.Now().Add(-6 * time.Second) var stampTime = time.Now().Add(-3 * time.Second) // resetFileStamps makes "everything" (bin, src, pkg from GOPATH and the // test-specific parts of GOROOT) appear old. func resetFileStamps() { chtime := func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error { return os.Chtimes(path, oldTime, oldTime) } reset := func(path string) { if err := filepath.Walk(path, chtime); err != nil { log.Fatalf("resetFileStamps failed: %v", err) } } reset("bin") reset("pkg") reset("src") reset(gorootInstallDir) } // touch makes path newer than the "old" time stamp used by resetFileStamps. func touch(path string) { if err := os.Chtimes(path, nearlyNew, nearlyNew); err != nil { log.Fatalf("os.Chtimes failed: %v", err) } } // isNew returns if the path is newer than the time stamp used by touch. func isNew(path string) bool { fi, err := os.Stat(path) if err != nil { log.Fatalf("os.Stat failed: %v", err) } return fi.ModTime().After(stampTime) } // Fail unless path has been rebuilt (i.e. is newer than the time stamp used by // isNew) func AssertRebuilt(t *testing.T, msg, path string) { if !isNew(path) { t.Errorf("%s was not rebuilt (%s)", msg, path) } } // Fail if path has been rebuilt (i.e. is newer than the time stamp used by isNew) func AssertNotRebuilt(t *testing.T, msg, path string) { if isNew(path) { t.Errorf("%s was rebuilt (%s)", msg, path) } } func TestRebuilding(t *testing.T) { goCmd(t, "install", "-buildmode=shared", "-linkshared", "dep") goCmd(t, "install", "-linkshared", "exe") // If the source is newer than both the .a file and the .so, both are rebuilt. resetFileStamps() touch("src/dep/dep.go") goCmd(t, "install", "-linkshared", "exe") AssertRebuilt(t, "new source", filepath.Join(gopathInstallDir, "dep.a")) AssertRebuilt(t, "new source", filepath.Join(gopathInstallDir, "libdep.so")) // If the .a file is newer than the .so, the .so is rebuilt (but not the .a) resetFileStamps() touch(filepath.Join(gopathInstallDir, "dep.a")) goCmd(t, "install", "-linkshared", "exe") AssertNotRebuilt(t, "new .a file", filepath.Join(gopathInstallDir, "dep.a")) AssertRebuilt(t, "new .a file", filepath.Join(gopathInstallDir, "libdep.so")) } func appendFile(path, content string) { f, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0660) if err != nil { log.Fatalf("os.OpenFile failed: %v", err) } defer func() { err := f.Close() if err != nil { log.Fatalf("f.Close failed: %v", err) } }() _, err = f.WriteString(content) if err != nil { log.Fatalf("f.WriteString failed: %v", err) } } func TestABIChecking(t *testing.T) { goCmd(t, "install", "-buildmode=shared", "-linkshared", "dep") goCmd(t, "install", "-linkshared", "exe") // If we make an ABI-breaking change to dep and rebuild libp.so but not exe, // exe will abort with a complaint on startup. // This assumes adding an exported function breaks ABI, which is not true in // some senses but suffices for the narrow definition of ABI compatiblity the // toolchain uses today. resetFileStamps() appendFile("src/dep/dep.go", "func ABIBreak() {}\n") goCmd(t, "install", "-buildmode=shared", "-linkshared", "dep") c := exec.Command("./bin/exe") output, err := c.CombinedOutput() if err == nil { t.Fatal("executing exe did not fail after ABI break") } scanner := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(output)) foundMsg := false const wantLine = "abi mismatch detected between the executable and libdep.so" for scanner.Scan() { if scanner.Text() == wantLine { foundMsg = true break } } if err = scanner.Err(); err != nil { t.Errorf("scanner encountered error: %v", err) } if !foundMsg { t.Fatalf("exe failed, but without line %q; got output:\n%s", wantLine, output) } // Rebuilding exe makes it work again. goCmd(t, "install", "-linkshared", "exe") run(t, "rebuilt exe", "./bin/exe") // If we make a change which does not break ABI (such as adding an unexported // function) and rebuild libdep.so, exe still works. resetFileStamps() appendFile("src/dep/dep.go", "func noABIBreak() {}\n") goCmd(t, "install", "-buildmode=shared", "-linkshared", "dep") run(t, "after non-ABI breaking change", "./bin/exe") }