// errorcheck -0 -m -l // Copyright 2015 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style // license that can be found in the LICENSE file. // Test escape analysis for function parameters. // In this test almost everything is BAD except the simplest cases // where input directly flows to output. package escape func zero() int { return 0 } var sink interface{} // in -> out func param0(p *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: p to result ~r1" return p } func caller0a() { i := 0 _ = param0(&i) } func caller0b() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" sink = param0(&i) // ERROR "param0\(&i\) escapes to heap" } // in, in -> out, out func param1(p1, p2 *int) (*int, *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: p1 to result ~r2" "leaking param: p2 to result ~r3" return p1, p2 } func caller1() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" j := 0 sink, _ = param1(&i, &j) } // in -> other in func param2(p1 *int, p2 **int) { // ERROR "leaking param: p1$" "param2 p2 does not escape$" *p2 = p1 } func caller2a() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" var p *int param2(&i, &p) _ = p } func caller2b() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" var p *int param2(&i, &p) sink = p // ERROR "p escapes to heap$" } func paramArraySelfAssign(p *PairOfPairs) { // ERROR "p does not escape" p.pairs[0] = p.pairs[1] // ERROR "ignoring self-assignment in p.pairs\[0\] = p.pairs\[1\]" } func paramArraySelfAssignUnsafeIndex(p *PairOfPairs) { // ERROR "leaking param content: p" // Function call inside index disables self-assignment case to trigger. p.pairs[zero()] = p.pairs[1] p.pairs[zero()+1] = p.pairs[1] } type PairOfPairs struct { pairs [2]*Pair } type BoxedPair struct { pair *Pair } type WrappedPair struct { pair Pair } func leakParam(x interface{}) { // ERROR "leaking param: x" sink = x } func sinkAfterSelfAssignment1(box *BoxedPair) { // ERROR "leaking param content: box" box.pair.p1 = box.pair.p2 // ERROR "ignoring self-assignment in box.pair.p1 = box.pair.p2" sink = box.pair.p2 // ERROR "box.pair.p2 escapes to heap" } func sinkAfterSelfAssignment2(box *BoxedPair) { // ERROR "leaking param content: box" box.pair.p1 = box.pair.p2 // ERROR "ignoring self-assignment in box.pair.p1 = box.pair.p2" sink = box.pair // ERROR "box.pair escapes to heap" } func sinkAfterSelfAssignment3(box *BoxedPair) { // ERROR "leaking param content: box" box.pair.p1 = box.pair.p2 // ERROR "ignoring self-assignment in box.pair.p1 = box.pair.p2" leakParam(box.pair.p2) // ERROR "box.pair.p2 escapes to heap" } func sinkAfterSelfAssignment4(box *BoxedPair) { // ERROR "leaking param content: box" box.pair.p1 = box.pair.p2 // ERROR "ignoring self-assignment in box.pair.p1 = box.pair.p2" leakParam(box.pair) // ERROR "box.pair escapes to heap" } func selfAssignmentAndUnrelated(box1, box2 *BoxedPair) { // ERROR "leaking param content: box2" "box1 does not escape" box1.pair.p1 = box1.pair.p2 // ERROR "ignoring self-assignment in box1.pair.p1 = box1.pair.p2" leakParam(box2.pair.p2) // ERROR "box2.pair.p2 escapes to heap" } func notSelfAssignment1(box1, box2 *BoxedPair) { // ERROR "leaking param content: box2" "box1 does not escape" box1.pair.p1 = box2.pair.p1 } func notSelfAssignment2(p1, p2 *PairOfPairs) { // ERROR "leaking param content: p2" "p1 does not escape" p1.pairs[0] = p2.pairs[1] } func notSelfAssignment3(p1, p2 *PairOfPairs) { // ERROR "leaking param content: p2" "p1 does not escape" p1.pairs[0].p1 = p2.pairs[1].p1 } func boxedPairSelfAssign(box *BoxedPair) { // ERROR "box does not escape" box.pair.p1 = box.pair.p2 // ERROR "ignoring self-assignment in box.pair.p1 = box.pair.p2" } func wrappedPairSelfAssign(w *WrappedPair) { // ERROR "w does not escape" w.pair.p1 = w.pair.p2 // ERROR "ignoring self-assignment in w.pair.p1 = w.pair.p2" } // in -> in type Pair struct { p1 *int p2 *int } func param3(p *Pair) { // ERROR "param3 p does not escape" p.p1 = p.p2 // ERROR "param3 ignoring self-assignment in p.p1 = p.p2" } func caller3a() { i := 0 j := 0 p := Pair{&i, &j} param3(&p) _ = p } func caller3b() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" j := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: j$" p := Pair{&i, &j} param3(&p) sink = p // ERROR "p escapes to heap$" } // in -> rcvr func (p *Pair) param4(i *int) { // ERROR "\(\*Pair\).param4 p does not escape$" "leaking param: i$" p.p1 = i } func caller4a() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" p := Pair{} p.param4(&i) _ = p } func caller4b() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" p := Pair{} p.param4(&i) sink = p // ERROR "p escapes to heap$" } // in -> heap func param5(i *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: i$" sink = i // ERROR "i escapes to heap$" } func caller5() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" param5(&i) } // *in -> heap func param6(i ***int) { // ERROR "leaking param content: i$" sink = *i // ERROR "\*i escapes to heap$" } func caller6a() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" p := &i // ERROR "moved to heap: p$" p2 := &p param6(&p2) } // **in -> heap func param7(i ***int) { // ERROR "leaking param content: i$" sink = **i // ERROR "\* \(\*i\) escapes to heap" } func caller7() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" p := &i // ERROR "moved to heap: p$" p2 := &p param7(&p2) } // **in -> heap func param8(i **int) { // ERROR "param8 i does not escape$" sink = **i // ERROR "\* \(\*i\) escapes to heap" } func caller8() { i := 0 p := &i param8(&p) } // *in -> out func param9(p ***int) **int { // ERROR "leaking param: p to result ~r1 level=1" return *p } func caller9a() { i := 0 p := &i p2 := &p _ = param9(&p2) } func caller9b() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" p := &i // ERROR "moved to heap: p$" p2 := &p sink = param9(&p2) // ERROR "param9\(&p2\) escapes to heap" } // **in -> out func param10(p ***int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: p to result ~r1 level=2" return **p } func caller10a() { i := 0 p := &i p2 := &p _ = param10(&p2) } func caller10b() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" p := &i p2 := &p sink = param10(&p2) // ERROR "param10\(&p2\) escapes to heap" } // in escapes to heap (address of param taken and returned) func param11(i **int) ***int { // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" return &i } func caller11a() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i" p := &i // ERROR "moved to heap: p" _ = param11(&p) } func caller11b() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" p := &i // ERROR "moved to heap: p$" sink = param11(&p) // ERROR "param11\(&p\) escapes to heap" } func caller11c() { // GOOD i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" p := &i // ERROR "moved to heap: p" sink = *param11(&p) // ERROR "\*param11\(&p\) escapes to heap" } func caller11d() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" p := &i // ERROR "moved to heap: p" p2 := &p sink = param11(p2) // ERROR "param11\(p2\) escapes to heap" } // &in -> rcvr type Indir struct { p ***int } func (r *Indir) param12(i **int) { // ERROR "\(\*Indir\).param12 r does not escape$" "moved to heap: i$" r.p = &i } func caller12a() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" p := &i // ERROR "moved to heap: p$" var r Indir r.param12(&p) _ = r } func caller12b() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" p := &i // ERROR "moved to heap: p$" r := &Indir{} // ERROR "caller12b &Indir literal does not escape$" r.param12(&p) _ = r } func caller12c() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" p := &i // ERROR "moved to heap: p$" r := Indir{} r.param12(&p) sink = r // ERROR "r escapes to heap$" } func caller12d() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" p := &i // ERROR "moved to heap: p$" r := Indir{} r.param12(&p) sink = **r.p // ERROR "\* \(\*r\.p\) escapes to heap" } // in -> value rcvr type Val struct { p **int } func (v Val) param13(i *int) { // ERROR "Val.param13 v does not escape$" "leaking param: i$" *v.p = i } func caller13a() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" var p *int var v Val v.p = &p v.param13(&i) _ = v } func caller13b() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" var p *int v := Val{&p} v.param13(&i) _ = v } func caller13c() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" var p *int v := &Val{&p} // ERROR "caller13c &Val literal does not escape$" v.param13(&i) _ = v } func caller13d() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" var p *int // ERROR "moved to heap: p$" var v Val v.p = &p v.param13(&i) sink = v // ERROR "v escapes to heap$" } func caller13e() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" var p *int // ERROR "moved to heap: p$" v := Val{&p} v.param13(&i) sink = v // ERROR "v escapes to heap$" } func caller13f() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" var p *int // ERROR "moved to heap: p$" v := &Val{&p} // ERROR "&Val literal escapes to heap$" v.param13(&i) sink = v // ERROR "v escapes to heap$" } func caller13g() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" var p *int v := Val{&p} v.param13(&i) sink = *v.p // ERROR "\*v\.p escapes to heap" } func caller13h() { i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i$" var p *int v := &Val{&p} // ERROR "caller13h &Val literal does not escape$" v.param13(&i) sink = **v.p // ERROR "\* \(\*v\.p\) escapes to heap" } type Node struct { p *Node } var Sink *Node func f(x *Node) { // ERROR "leaking param content: x" Sink = &Node{x.p} // ERROR "&Node literal escapes to heap" } func g(x *Node) *Node { // ERROR "leaking param content: x" return &Node{x.p} // ERROR "&Node literal escapes to heap" } func h(x *Node) { // ERROR "leaking param: x" y := &Node{x} // ERROR "h &Node literal does not escape" Sink = g(y) f(y) } // interface(in) -> out // See also issue 29353. // Convert to a non-direct interface, require an allocation and // copy x to heap (not to result). func param14a(x [4]*int) interface{} { // ERROR "leaking param: x$" return x // ERROR "x escapes to heap" } // Convert to a direct interface, does not need an allocation. // So x only leaks to result. func param14b(x *int) interface{} { // ERROR "leaking param: x to result ~r1 level=0" return x // ERROR "x escapes to heap" }