Currently, we mix objects with pointers and objects without pointers
("noscan" objects) together in memory. As a result, for every object
we grey, we have to check that object's heap bits to find out if it's
noscan, which adds to the per-object cost of GC. This also hurts the
TLB footprint of the garbage collector because it decreases the
density of scannable objects at the page level.
This commit improves the situation by using separate spans for noscan
objects. This will allow a much simpler noscan check (in a follow up
CL), eliminate the need to clear the bitmap of noscan objects (in a
follow up CL), and improves TLB footprint by increasing the density of
scannable objects.
This is also a step toward eliminating dead bits, since the current
noscan check depends on checking the dead bit of the first word.
This has no effect on the heap size of the garbage benchmark.
We'll measure the performance change of this after the follow-up
optimizations.
This is a cherry-pick from dev.garbage commit d491e550c3. The only
non-trivial merge conflict was in updatememstats in mstats.go, where
we now have to separate the per-spanclass stats from the per-sizeclass
stats.
Change-Id: I13bdc4869538ece5649a8d2a41c6605371618e40
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/41251
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Currently, proportional sweep maintains its own count of how many
bytes have been allocated since the beginning of the sweep cycle so it
can compute how many pages need to be swept for a given allocation.
However, this requires a somewhat complex reimbursement scheme since
proportional sweep must be done before a span is allocated, but we
don't know how many bytes to charge until we've allocated a span. This
means that the allocated byte count used by proportional sweep can go
up and down, which has led to underflow bugs in the past (#18043) and
is going to interfere with adjusting sweep pacing on-the-fly (for #19076).
This approach also means we're maintaining a statistic that is very
closely related to heap_live, but has a different 0 value. This is
particularly confusing because the sweep ratio is computed based on
heap_live, so you have to understand that these two statistics are
very closely related.
Replace all of this and compute the sweep debt directly from the
current value of heap_live. To make this work, we simply save the
value of heap_live when the sweep ratio is computed to use as a
"basis" for later computing the sweep debt.
This eliminates the need for reimbursement as well as the code for
maintaining the sweeper's version of the live heap size.
For #19076.
Coincidentally fixes#18043, since this eliminates sweep reimbursement
entirely.
Change-Id: I1f931ddd6e90c901a3972c7506874c899251dc2a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/39832
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Currently, each individual span sweep emits a span to the trace. But
sweeps are generally done in loops until some condition is satisfied,
so this tracing is lower-level than anyone really wants any hides the
fact that no other work is being accomplished between adjacent sweep
events. This is also high overhead: enabling tracing significantly
impacts sweep latency.
Replace this with instead tracing around the sweep loops used for
allocation. This is slightly tricky because sweep loops don't
generally know if any sweeping will happen in them. Hence, we make the
tracing lazy by recording in the P that we would like to start tracing
the sweep *if* one happens, and then only closing the sweep event if
we started it.
This does mean we don't get tracing on every sweep path, which are
legion. However, we get much more informative tracing on the paths
that block allocation, which are the paths that matter.
Change-Id: I73e14fbb250acb0c9d92e3648bddaa5e7d7e271c
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/40810
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Hyang-Ah Hana Kim <hyangah@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Currently ReadMemStats stops the world for ~1.7 ms/GB of heap because
it collects statistics from every single span. For large heaps, this
can be quite costly. This is particularly unfortunate because many
production infrastructures call this function regularly to collect and
report statistics.
Fix this by tracking the necessary cumulative statistics in the
mcaches. ReadMemStats still has to stop the world to stabilize these
statistics, but there are only O(GOMAXPROCS) mcaches to collect
statistics from, so this pause is only 25µs even at GOMAXPROCS=100.
Fixes#13613.
Change-Id: I3c0a4e14833f4760dab675efc1916e73b4c0032a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/34937
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
This covers basically all sysAlloc'd, persistentalloc'd, and
fixalloc'd types.
Change-Id: I0487c887c2a0ade5e33d4c4c12d837e97468e66b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/30941
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Currently we always zero objects when we allocate them. We used to
have an optimization that would not zero objects that had not been
allocated since the whole span was last zeroed (either by getting it
from the system or by getting it from the heap, which does a bulk
zero), but this depended on the sweeper clobbering the first two words
of each object. Hence, we lost this optimization when the bitmap
sweeper went away.
Re-introduce this optimization using a different mechanism. Each span
already keeps a flag indicating that it just came from the OS or was
just bulk zeroed by the mheap. We can simply use this flag to know
when we don't need to zero an object. This is slightly less efficient
than the old optimization: if a span gets allocated and partially
used, then GC happens and the span gets returned to the mcentral, then
the span gets re-acquired, the old optimization knew that it only had
to re-zero the objects that had been reclaimed, whereas this
optimization will re-zero everything. However, in this case, you're
already paying for the garbage collection, and you've only wasted one
zeroing of the span, so in practice there seems to be little
difference. (If we did want to revive the full optimization, each span
could keep track of a frontier beyond which all free slots are zeroed.
I prototyped this and it didn't obvious do any better than the much
simpler approach in this commit.)
This significantly improves BinaryTree17, which is allocation-heavy
(and runs first, so most pages are already zeroed), and slightly
improves everything else.
name old time/op new time/op delta
XBenchGarbage-12 2.15ms ± 1% 2.14ms ± 1% -0.80% (p=0.000 n=17+17)
name old time/op new time/op delta
BinaryTree17-12 2.71s ± 1% 2.56s ± 1% -5.73% (p=0.000 n=18+19)
DivconstI64-12 1.70ns ± 1% 1.70ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.562 n=18+18)
DivconstU64-12 1.74ns ± 2% 1.74ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.394 n=20+20)
DivconstI32-12 1.74ns ± 0% 1.74ns ± 0% ~ (all samples are equal)
DivconstU32-12 1.66ns ± 1% 1.66ns ± 0% ~ (p=0.516 n=15+16)
DivconstI16-12 1.84ns ± 0% 1.84ns ± 0% ~ (all samples are equal)
DivconstU16-12 1.82ns ± 0% 1.82ns ± 0% ~ (all samples are equal)
DivconstI8-12 1.79ns ± 0% 1.79ns ± 0% ~ (all samples are equal)
DivconstU8-12 1.60ns ± 0% 1.60ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.603 n=17+19)
Fannkuch11-12 2.11s ± 1% 2.11s ± 0% ~ (p=0.333 n=16+19)
FmtFprintfEmpty-12 45.1ns ± 4% 45.4ns ± 5% ~ (p=0.111 n=20+20)
FmtFprintfString-12 134ns ± 0% 129ns ± 0% -3.45% (p=0.000 n=18+16)
FmtFprintfInt-12 131ns ± 1% 129ns ± 1% -1.54% (p=0.000 n=16+18)
FmtFprintfIntInt-12 205ns ± 2% 203ns ± 0% -0.56% (p=0.014 n=20+18)
FmtFprintfPrefixedInt-12 200ns ± 2% 197ns ± 1% -1.48% (p=0.000 n=20+18)
FmtFprintfFloat-12 256ns ± 1% 256ns ± 0% -0.21% (p=0.008 n=18+20)
FmtManyArgs-12 805ns ± 0% 804ns ± 0% -0.19% (p=0.001 n=18+18)
GobDecode-12 7.21ms ± 1% 7.14ms ± 1% -0.92% (p=0.000 n=19+20)
GobEncode-12 5.88ms ± 1% 5.88ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.641 n=18+19)
Gzip-12 218ms ± 1% 218ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.271 n=19+18)
Gunzip-12 37.1ms ± 0% 36.9ms ± 0% -0.29% (p=0.000 n=18+17)
HTTPClientServer-12 78.1µs ± 2% 77.4µs ± 2% ~ (p=0.070 n=19+19)
JSONEncode-12 15.5ms ± 1% 15.5ms ± 0% ~ (p=0.063 n=20+18)
JSONDecode-12 56.1ms ± 0% 55.4ms ± 1% -1.18% (p=0.000 n=19+18)
Mandelbrot200-12 4.05ms ± 0% 4.06ms ± 0% +0.29% (p=0.001 n=18+18)
GoParse-12 3.28ms ± 1% 3.21ms ± 1% -2.30% (p=0.000 n=20+20)
RegexpMatchEasy0_32-12 69.4ns ± 2% 69.3ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.205 n=18+16)
RegexpMatchEasy0_1K-12 239ns ± 0% 239ns ± 0% ~ (all samples are equal)
RegexpMatchEasy1_32-12 69.4ns ± 1% 69.4ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.620 n=15+18)
RegexpMatchEasy1_1K-12 370ns ± 1% 369ns ± 2% ~ (p=0.088 n=20+20)
RegexpMatchMedium_32-12 108ns ± 0% 108ns ± 0% ~ (all samples are equal)
RegexpMatchMedium_1K-12 33.6µs ± 3% 33.5µs ± 3% ~ (p=0.718 n=20+20)
RegexpMatchHard_32-12 1.68µs ± 1% 1.67µs ± 2% ~ (p=0.316 n=20+20)
RegexpMatchHard_1K-12 50.5µs ± 3% 50.4µs ± 3% ~ (p=0.659 n=20+20)
Revcomp-12 381ms ± 1% 381ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.916 n=19+18)
Template-12 66.5ms ± 1% 65.8ms ± 2% -1.08% (p=0.000 n=20+20)
TimeParse-12 317ns ± 0% 319ns ± 0% +0.48% (p=0.000 n=19+12)
TimeFormat-12 338ns ± 0% 338ns ± 0% ~ (p=0.124 n=19+18)
[Geo mean] 5.99µs 5.96µs -0.54%
Change-Id: I638ffd9d9f178835bbfa499bac20bd7224f1a907
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/22591
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
These used to be used for the list of newly freed objects, but that's
no longer a thing.
Change-Id: I5a4503137b74ec0eae5372ca271b1aa0b32df074
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/22557
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Prior to this CL the base of a span was calculated in various
places using shifts or calls to base(). This CL now
always calls base() which has been optimized to calculate the
base of the span when the span is initialized and store that
value in the span structure.
Change-Id: I661f2bfa21e3748a249cdf049ef9062db6e78100
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/20703
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Add to each span a 64 bit cache (allocCache) of the allocBits
at freeindex. allocCache is shifted such that the lowest bit
corresponds to the bit freeindex. allocBits uses a 0 to
indicate an object is free, on the other hand allocCache
uses a 1 to indicate an object is free. This facilitates
ctz64 (count trailing zero) which counts the number of 0s
trailing the least significant 1. This is also the index of
the least significant 1.
Each span maintains a freeindex indicating the boundary
between allocated objects and unallocated objects. allocCache
is shifted as freeindex is incremented such that the low bit
in allocCache corresponds to the bit a freeindex in the
allocBits array.
Currently ctz64 is written in Go using a for loop so it is
not very efficient. Use of the hardware instruction will
follow. With this in mind comparisons of the garbage
benchmark are as follows.
1.6 release 2.8 seconds
dev:garbage branch 3.1 seconds.
Profiling shows the go implementation of ctz64 takes up
1% of the total time.
Change-Id: If084ed9c3b1eda9f3c6ab2e794625cb870b8167f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/20200
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
This is a renaming of the field ref to the
more appropriate allocCount. The field
holds the number of objects in the span
that are currently allocated. Some throws
strings were adjusted to more accurately
convey the meaning of allocCount.
Change-Id: I10daf44e3e9cc24a10912638c7de3c1984ef8efe
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/19518
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Instead of building a freelist from the mark bits generated
by the GC this CL allocates directly from the mark bits.
The approach moves the mark bits from the pointer/no pointer
heap structures into their own per span data structures. The
mark/allocation vectors consist of a single mark bit per
object. Two vectors are maintained, one for allocation and
one for the GC's mark phase. During the GC cycle's sweep
phase the interpretation of the vectors is swapped. The
mark vector becomes the allocation vector and the old
allocation vector is cleared and becomes the mark vector that
the next GC cycle will use.
Marked entries in the allocation vector indicate that the
object is not free. Each allocation vector maintains a boundary
between areas of the span already allocated from and areas
not yet allocated from. As objects are allocated this boundary
is moved until it reaches the end of the span. At this point
further allocations will be done from another span.
Since we no longer sweep a span inspecting each freed object
the responsibility for maintaining pointer/scalar bits in
the heapBitMap containing is now the responsibility of the
the routines doing the actual allocation.
This CL is functionally complete and ready for performance
tuning.
Change-Id: I336e0fc21eef1066e0b68c7067cc71b9f3d50e04
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/19470
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
The gcmarkBits is a bit vector used by the GC to mark
reachable objects. Once a GC cycle is complete the gcmarkBits
swap places with the allocBits. allocBits is then used directly
by malloc to locate free objects, thus avoiding the
construction of a linked free list. This CL introduces a set
of helper functions for manipulating gcmarkBits and allocBits
that will be used by later CLs to realize the actual
algorithm. Minimal attempts have been made to optimize these
helper routines.
Change-Id: I55ad6240ca32cd456e8ed4973c6970b3b882dd34
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/19420
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
The tree's pretty inconsistent about single space vs double space
after a period in documentation. Make it consistently a single space,
per earlier decisions. This means contributors won't be confused by
misleading precedence.
This CL doesn't use go/doc to parse. It only addresses // comments.
It was generated with:
$ perl -i -npe 's,^(\s*// .+[a-z]\.) +([A-Z]),$1 $2,' $(git grep -l -E '^\s*//(.+\.) +([A-Z])')
$ go test go/doc -update
Change-Id: Iccdb99c37c797ef1f804a94b22ba5ee4b500c4f7
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/20022
Reviewed-by: Rob Pike <r@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Day <djd@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Currently, we update memstats.heap_live from mcache.local_cachealloc
whenever we lock the heap (e.g., to obtain a fresh span or to release
an unused span). However, under the right circumstances,
local_cachealloc can accumulate allocations up to the size of
the *entire heap* without flushing them to heap_live. Specifically,
since span allocations from an mcentral don't lock the heap, if a
large number of pages are held in an mcentral and the application
continues to use and free objects of that size class (e.g., the
BinaryTree17 benchmark), local_cachealloc won't be flushed until the
mcentral runs out of spans.
This is a problem because, unlike many of the memory statistics that
are purely informative, heap_live is used to determine when the
garbage collector should start and how hard it should work.
This commit eliminates local_cachealloc, instead atomically updating
heap_live directly. To control contention, we do this only when
obtaining a span from an mcentral. Furthermore, we make heap_live
conservative: allocating a span assumes that all free slots in that
span will be used and accounts for these when the span is
allocated, *before* the objects themselves are. This is important
because 1) this triggers the GC earlier than necessary rather than
potentially too late and 2) this leads to a conservative GC rate
rather than a GC rate that is potentially too low.
Alternatively, we could have flushed local_cachealloc when it passed
some threshold, but this would require determining a threshold and
would cause heap_live to underestimate the true value rather than
overestimate.
Fixes#12199.
name old time/op new time/op delta
BinaryTree17-12 2.88s ± 4% 2.88s ± 1% ~ (p=0.470 n=19+19)
Fannkuch11-12 2.48s ± 1% 2.48s ± 1% ~ (p=0.243 n=16+19)
FmtFprintfEmpty-12 50.9ns ± 2% 50.7ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.238 n=15+14)
FmtFprintfString-12 175ns ± 1% 171ns ± 1% -2.48% (p=0.000 n=18+18)
FmtFprintfInt-12 159ns ± 1% 158ns ± 1% -0.78% (p=0.000 n=19+18)
FmtFprintfIntInt-12 270ns ± 1% 265ns ± 2% -1.67% (p=0.000 n=18+18)
FmtFprintfPrefixedInt-12 235ns ± 1% 234ns ± 0% ~ (p=0.362 n=18+19)
FmtFprintfFloat-12 309ns ± 1% 308ns ± 1% -0.41% (p=0.001 n=18+19)
FmtManyArgs-12 1.10µs ± 1% 1.08µs ± 0% -1.96% (p=0.000 n=19+18)
GobDecode-12 7.81ms ± 1% 7.80ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.425 n=18+19)
GobEncode-12 6.53ms ± 1% 6.53ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.817 n=19+19)
Gzip-12 312ms ± 1% 312ms ± 2% ~ (p=0.967 n=19+20)
Gunzip-12 42.0ms ± 1% 41.9ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.172 n=19+19)
HTTPClientServer-12 63.7µs ± 1% 63.8µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.639 n=19+19)
JSONEncode-12 16.4ms ± 1% 16.4ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.954 n=19+19)
JSONDecode-12 58.5ms ± 1% 57.8ms ± 1% -1.27% (p=0.000 n=18+19)
Mandelbrot200-12 3.86ms ± 1% 3.88ms ± 0% +0.44% (p=0.000 n=18+18)
GoParse-12 3.67ms ± 2% 3.66ms ± 1% -0.52% (p=0.001 n=18+19)
RegexpMatchEasy0_32-12 100ns ± 1% 100ns ± 0% ~ (p=0.257 n=19+18)
RegexpMatchEasy0_1K-12 347ns ± 1% 347ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.527 n=18+18)
RegexpMatchEasy1_32-12 83.7ns ± 2% 83.1ns ± 2% ~ (p=0.096 n=18+19)
RegexpMatchEasy1_1K-12 509ns ± 1% 505ns ± 1% -0.75% (p=0.000 n=18+19)
RegexpMatchMedium_32-12 130ns ± 2% 129ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.962 n=20+20)
RegexpMatchMedium_1K-12 39.5µs ± 2% 39.4µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.376 n=20+19)
RegexpMatchHard_32-12 2.04µs ± 0% 2.04µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.195 n=18+17)
RegexpMatchHard_1K-12 61.4µs ± 1% 61.4µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.885 n=19+19)
Revcomp-12 540ms ± 2% 542ms ± 4% ~ (p=0.552 n=19+17)
Template-12 69.6ms ± 1% 71.2ms ± 1% +2.39% (p=0.000 n=20+20)
TimeParse-12 357ns ± 1% 357ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.883 n=18+20)
TimeFormat-12 379ns ± 1% 362ns ± 1% -4.53% (p=0.000 n=18+19)
[Geo mean] 62.0µs 61.8µs -0.44%
name old time/op new time/op delta
XBenchGarbage-12 5.89ms ± 2% 5.81ms ± 2% -1.41% (p=0.000 n=19+18)
Change-Id: I96b31cca6ae77c30693a891cff3fe663fa2447a0
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/17748
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
deductSweepCredit expects the size in bytes of the span being
allocated, but mCentral_CacheSpan passes the size of a single object
in the span. As a result, we don't sweep enough on that call and when
mCentral_CacheSpan later calls reimburseSweepCredit, it's very likely
to underflow mheap_.spanBytesAlloc, which causes the next call to
deductSweepCredit to think it owes a huge number of pages and finish
off the whole sweep.
In addition to causing the occasional allocation that triggers the
full sweep to be potentially extremely expensive relative to other
allocations, this can indirectly slow down many other allocations.
deductSweepCredit uses sweepone to sweep spans, which returns
fully-unused spans to the heap, where these spans are freed and
coalesced with neighboring free spans. On the other hand, when
mCentral_CacheSpan sweeps a span, it does so with the intent to
immediately reuse that span and, as a result, will not return the span
to the heap even if it is fully unused. This saves on the cost of
locking the heap, finding a span, and initializing that span. For
example, before this change, with GOMAXPROCS=1 (or the background
sweeper disabled) BinaryTree17 returned roughly 220K spans to the heap
and allocated new spans from the heap roughly 232K times. After this
change, it returns 1.3K spans to the heap and allocates new spans from
the heap 39K times. (With background sweeping these numbers are
effectively unchanged because the background sweeper sweeps almost all
of the spans with sweepone; however, parallel sweeping saves more than
the cost of allocating spans from the heap.)
Fixes#13535.
Fixes#13589.
name old time/op new time/op delta
BinaryTree17-12 3.03s ± 1% 2.86s ± 4% -5.61% (p=0.000 n=18+20)
Fannkuch11-12 2.48s ± 1% 2.49s ± 1% ~ (p=0.060 n=17+20)
FmtFprintfEmpty-12 50.7ns ± 1% 50.9ns ± 1% +0.43% (p=0.025 n=15+16)
FmtFprintfString-12 174ns ± 2% 174ns ± 2% ~ (p=0.539 n=19+20)
FmtFprintfInt-12 158ns ± 1% 158ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.300 n=18+20)
FmtFprintfIntInt-12 269ns ± 2% 269ns ± 2% ~ (p=0.784 n=20+18)
FmtFprintfPrefixedInt-12 233ns ± 1% 234ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.389 n=18+18)
FmtFprintfFloat-12 309ns ± 1% 310ns ± 1% +0.25% (p=0.048 n=18+18)
FmtManyArgs-12 1.10µs ± 1% 1.10µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.259 n=18+19)
GobDecode-12 7.81ms ± 1% 7.72ms ± 1% -1.17% (p=0.000 n=19+19)
GobEncode-12 6.56ms ± 0% 6.55ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.433 n=17+19)
Gzip-12 318ms ± 2% 317ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.578 n=19+18)
Gunzip-12 42.1ms ± 2% 42.0ms ± 0% -0.45% (p=0.007 n=18+16)
HTTPClientServer-12 63.9µs ± 1% 64.0µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.146 n=17+19)
JSONEncode-12 16.4ms ± 1% 16.4ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.271 n=19+19)
JSONDecode-12 58.1ms ± 1% 58.0ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.152 n=18+18)
Mandelbrot200-12 3.85ms ± 0% 3.85ms ± 0% ~ (p=0.126 n=19+18)
GoParse-12 3.71ms ± 1% 3.64ms ± 1% -1.86% (p=0.000 n=20+18)
RegexpMatchEasy0_32-12 100ns ± 2% 100ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.588 n=20+20)
RegexpMatchEasy0_1K-12 346ns ± 1% 347ns ± 1% +0.27% (p=0.014 n=17+20)
RegexpMatchEasy1_32-12 82.9ns ± 3% 83.5ns ± 3% ~ (p=0.096 n=19+20)
RegexpMatchEasy1_1K-12 506ns ± 1% 506ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.530 n=19+19)
RegexpMatchMedium_32-12 129ns ± 2% 129ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.566 n=20+19)
RegexpMatchMedium_1K-12 39.4µs ± 1% 39.4µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.713 n=19+20)
RegexpMatchHard_32-12 2.05µs ± 1% 2.06µs ± 1% +0.36% (p=0.008 n=18+20)
RegexpMatchHard_1K-12 61.6µs ± 1% 61.7µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.286 n=19+20)
Revcomp-12 538ms ± 1% 541ms ± 2% ~ (p=0.081 n=18+19)
Template-12 71.5ms ± 2% 71.6ms ± 1% ~ (p=0.513 n=20+19)
TimeParse-12 357ns ± 1% 357ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.935 n=19+18)
TimeFormat-12 352ns ± 1% 352ns ± 1% ~ (p=0.293 n=19+20)
[Geo mean] 62.0µs 61.9µs -0.21%
name old time/op new time/op delta
XBenchGarbage-12 5.83ms ± 2% 5.86ms ± 3% ~ (p=0.247 n=19+20)
Change-Id: I790bb530adace27ccf25d372f24a11954b88443c
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/17745
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Applies to types fixAlloc, mCache, mCentral, mHeap, mSpan, and
mSpanList.
Two special cases:
1. mHeap_Scavenge() previously didn't take an *mheap parameter, so it
was specially handled in this CL.
2. mHeap_Free() would have collided with mheap's "free" field, so it's
been renamed to (*mheap).freeSpan to parallel its underlying
(*mheap).freeSpanLocked method.
Change-Id: I325938554cca432c166fe9d9d689af2bbd68de4b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/16221
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Currently, sweeping is performed before allocating a span by charging
for the entire size of the span requested, rather than the number of
bytes actually available for allocation from the returned span. That
is, if the returned span is 8K, but already has 6K in use, the mutator
is charged for 8K of heap allocation even though it can only allocate
2K more from the span. As a result, proportional sweep is
over-aggressive and tends to finish much earlier than it needs to.
This effect is more amplified by fragmented heaps.
Fix this by reimbursing the mutator for the used space in a span once
it has allocated that span. We still have to charge up-front for the
worst-case because we don't know which span the mutator will get, but
at least we can correct the over-charge once it has a span, which will
go toward later span allocations.
This has negligible effect on the throughput of the go1 benchmarks and
the garbage benchmark.
Fixes#12040.
Change-Id: I0e23e7a4ccf126cca000fed5067b20017028dd6b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/16515
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
This change breaks out most of the atomics functions in the runtime
into package runtime/internal/atomic. It adds some basic support
in the toolchain for runtime packages, and also modifies linux/arm
atomics to remove the dependency on the runtime's mutex. The mutexes
have been replaced with spinlocks.
all trybots are happy!
In addition to the trybots, I've tested on the darwin/arm64 builder,
on the darwin/arm builder, and on a ppc64le machine.
Change-Id: I6698c8e3cf3834f55ce5824059f44d00dc8e3c2f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/14204
Run-TryBot: Michael Matloob <matloob@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
This CL introduces a new mSpanList type to replace the empty mspan
variables that were previously used as list heads.
To be type safe, the previous circular linked list data structure is
now a tail queue instead. One complication of this is
mSpanList_Remove needs to know the list a span is being removed from,
but this appears to be computable in all circumstances.
As a temporary sanity check, mSpanList_Insert and mSpanList_InsertBack
record the list that an mspan has been inserted into so that
mSpanList_Remove can verify that the correct list was specified.
Whereas mspan is 112 bytes on amd64, mSpanList is only 16 bytes. This
shrinks the size of mheap from 50216 bytes to 12584 bytes.
Change-Id: I8146364753dbc3b4ab120afbb9c7b8740653c216
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/15906
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Proportional concurrent sweep is currently based on a ratio of spans
to be swept per bytes of object allocation. However, proportional
sweeping is performed during span allocation, not object allocation,
in order to minimize contention and overhead. Since objects are
allocated from spans after those spans are allocated, the system tends
to operate in debt, which means when the next GC cycle starts, there
is often sweep debt remaining, so GC has to finish the sweep, which
delays the start of the cycle and delays enabling mutator assists.
For example, it's quite likely that many Ps will simultaneously refill
their span caches immediately after a GC cycle (because GC flushes the
span caches), but at this point, there has been very little object
allocation since the end of GC, so very little sweeping is done. The
Ps then allocate objects from these cached spans, which drives up the
bytes of object allocation, but since these allocations are coming
from cached spans, nothing considers whether more sweeping has to
happen. If the sweep ratio is high enough (which can happen if the
next GC trigger is very close to the retained heap size), this can
easily represent a sweep debt of thousands of pages.
Fix this by making proportional sweep proportional to the number of
bytes of spans allocated, rather than the number of bytes of objects
allocated. Prior to allocating a span, both the small object path and
the large object path ensure credit for allocating that span, so the
system operates in the black, rather than in the red.
Combined with the previous commit, this should eliminate all sweeping
from GC start up. On the stress test in issue #11911, this reduces the
time spent sweeping during GC (and delaying start up) by several
orders of magnitude:
mean 99%ile max
pre fix 1 ms 11 ms 144 ms
post fix 270 ns 735 ns 916 ns
Updates #11911.
Change-Id: I89223712883954c9d6ec2a7a51ecb97172097df3
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/13044
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Currently, the concurrent sweep follows a 1:1 rule: when allocation
needs a span, it sweeps a span (likewise, when a large allocation
needs N pages, it sweeps until it frees N pages). This rule worked
well for the STW collector (especially when GOGC==100) because it did
no more sweeping than necessary to keep the heap from growing, would
generally finish sweeping just before GC, and ensured good temporal
locality between sweeping a page and allocating from it.
It doesn't work well with concurrent GC. Since concurrent GC requires
starting GC earlier (sometimes much earlier), the sweep often won't be
done when GC starts. Unfortunately, the first thing GC has to do is
finish the sweep. In the mean time, the mutator can continue
allocating, pushing the heap size even closer to the goal size. This
worked okay with the 7/8ths trigger, but it gets into a vicious cycle
with the GC trigger controller: if the mutator is allocating quickly
and driving the trigger lower, more and more sweep work will be left
to GC; this both causes GC to take longer (allowing the mutator to
allocate more during GC) and delays the start of the concurrent mark
phase, which throws off the GC controller's statistics and generally
causes it to push the trigger even lower.
As an example of a particularly bad case, the garbage benchmark with
GOMAXPROCS=4 and -benchmem 512 (MB) spends the first 0.4-0.8 seconds
of each GC cycle sweeping, during which the heap grows by between
109MB and 252MB.
To fix this, this change replaces the 1:1 sweep rule with a
proportional sweep rule. At the end of GC, GC knows exactly how much
heap allocation will occur before the next concurrent GC as well as
how many span pages must be swept. This change computes this "sweep
ratio" and when the mallocgc asks for a span, the mcentral sweeps
enough spans to bring the swept span count into ratio with the
allocated byte count.
On the benchmark from above, this entirely eliminates sweeping at the
beginning of GC, which reduces the time between startGC readying the
GC goroutine and GC stopping the world for sweep termination to ~100µs
during which the heap grows at most 134KB.
Change-Id: I35422d6bba0c2310d48bb1f8f30a72d29e98c1af
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/8921
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
Everything has moved to Go, but comments still refer to .c/.h files.
Fix all of those up, at least for these three directories.
Fixes#10138
Change-Id: Ie5efe89b247841e0b3f82aac5256b2c606ef67dc
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/7431
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
This is an experiment to see if removing the boundary bit logic will
lead to fewer cache misses and improved performance. Instead of using
boundary bits we use the span information to get element size and use
some bit whacking to get the boundary without having to touch the
random heap bits which cause cache misses.
Furthermore once the boundary bit is removed we can either use that
bit for a simpler checkmark routine or we can reduce the number of
bits in the GC bitmap to 2 bits per pointer sized work. For example
the 2 bits at the boundary can be used for marking and pointer/scalar
differentiation. Since we don't need the mark bit except at the
boundary nibble of the object other nibbles can use this bit
as a noscan bit to indicate that there are no more pointers in
the object.
Currently the changed included in this CL slows down the garbage
benchmark. With the boundary bits garbage gives 5.78 and without
(this CL) it gives 5.88 which is a 2% slowdown.
Change-Id: Id68f831ad668176f7dc9f7b57b339e4ebb6dc4c2
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/6665
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Move code from malloc1.go, malloc2.go, mem.go, mgc0.go into
appropriate locations.
Factor mgc.go into mgc.go, mgcmark.go, mgcsweep.go, mstats.go.
A lot of this code was in certain files because the right place was in
a C file but it was written in Go, or vice versa. This is one step toward
making things actually well-organized again.
Change-Id: I6741deb88a7cfb1c17ffe0bcca3989e10207968f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/5300
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rick Hudson <rlh@golang.org>
The code in mfinal.go is moved from malloc*.go and mgc*.go
and substantially unchanged.
The code in mbitmap.go is also moved from those files, but
cleaned up so that it can be called from those files (in most cases
the code being moved was not already a standalone function).
I also renamed the constants and wrote comments describing
the format. The result is a significant cleanup and isolation of
the bitmap code, but, roughly speaking, it should be treated
and reviewed as new code.
The other files changed only as much as necessary to support
this code movement.
This CL does NOT change the semantics of the heap or type
bitmaps at all, although there are now some obvious opportunities
to do so in followup CLs.
Change-Id: I41b8d5de87ad1d3cd322709931ab25e659dbb21d
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/2991
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Rename "gothrow" to "throw" now that the C version of "throw"
is no longer needed.
This change is purely mechanical except in panic.go where the
old version of "throw" has been deleted.
sed -i "" 's/[[:<:]]gothrow[[:>:]]/throw/g' runtime/*.go
Change-Id: Icf0752299c35958b92870a97111c67bcd9159dc3
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/2150
Reviewed-by: Minux Ma <minux@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Dave Cheney <dave@cheney.net>
The conversion was done with an automated tool and then
modified only as necessary to make it compile and run.
[This CL is part of the removal of C code from package runtime.
See golang.org/s/dev.cc for an overview.]
LGTM=r
R=r
CC=austin, dvyukov, golang-codereviews, iant, khr
https://golang.org/cl/167540043
