The escape analysis works by tracing assignment paths from
variables that start with pointer type, or addresses of variables
(addresses are always pointers). It does allow non-pointers
in the path, so that in this code it sees x's value escape into y:
var x *[10]int
y := (*int)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(x))+32))
It must allow uintptr in order to see through this kind of
"pointer arithmetic".
It also traces such values if they end up as uintptrs passed to
functions. This used to be important because packages like
encoding/gob passed around uintptrs holding real pointers.
The introduction of precise collection of stacks has forced
code to be more honest about which declared stack variables
hold pointers and which do not. In particular, the garbage
collector no longer sees pointers stored in uintptr variables.
Because of this, packages like encoding/gob have been fixed.
There is not much point in the escape analysis accepting
uintptrs as holding pointers at call boundaries if the garbage
collector does not.
Excluding uintptr-valued arguments brings the escape
analysis in line with the garbage collector and has the
useful side effect of making arguments to syscall.Syscall
not appear to escape.
That is, this CL should yield the same benefits as
CL 45930043 (rolled back in CL 53870043), but it does
so by making uintptrs less special, not more.
R=golang-codereviews, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/53940043
Vararg C calls present a problem for the GC because the
argument types are not derivable from the signature. Remove
them by passing pointers to channel elements instead of the
channel elements directly.
R=golang-codereviews, gobot, rsc, dvyukov
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/53430043
The compiler change is an ugly hack.
We can do better.
««« original CL description
syscall: mark arguments to Syscall as noescape
Heap arguments to "async" syscalls will break when/if we have moving GC anyway.
With this change is must not break until moving GC, because a user must
reference the object in Go to preserve liveness. Otherwise the code is broken already.
Reduces number of leaked params from 125 to 36 on linux.
R=golang-codereviews, mikioh.mikioh, bradfitz
CC=cshapiro, golang-codereviews, khr, rsc
https://golang.org/cl/45930043
»»»
R=golang-codereviews, r
CC=bradfitz, dvyukov, golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/53870043
Heap arguments to "async" syscalls will break when/if we have moving GC anyway.
With this change is must not break until moving GC, because a user must
reference the object in Go to preserve liveness. Otherwise the code is broken already.
Reduces number of leaked params from 125 to 36 on linux.
R=golang-codereviews, mikioh.mikioh, bradfitz
CC=cshapiro, golang-codereviews, khr, rsc
https://golang.org/cl/45930043
This CL makes the bitmaps a little more precise about variables
that have their address taken but for which the address does not
escape to the heap, so that the variables are kept in the stack frame
rather than allocated on the heap.
The code before this CL handled these variables by treating every
return statement as using every such variable and depending on
liveness analysis to essentially treat the variable as live during the
entire function. That approach has false positives and (worse) false
negatives. That is, it's both sloppy and buggy:
func f(b1, b2 bool) { // x live here! (sloppy)
if b2 {
print(0) // x live here! (sloppy)
return
}
var z **int
x := new(int)
*x = 42
z = &x
print(**z) // x live here (conservative)
if b2 {
print(1) // x live here (conservative)
return
}
for {
print(**z) // x not live here (buggy)
}
}
The first two liveness annotations (marked sloppy) are clearly
wrong: x cannot be live if it has not yet been declared.
The last liveness annotation (marked buggy) is also wrong:
x is live here as *z, but because there is no return statement
reachable from this point in the code, the analysis treats x as dead.
This CL changes the liveness calculation to mark such variables
live exactly at points in the code reachable from the variable
declaration. This keeps the conservative decisions but fixes
the sloppy and buggy ones.
The CL also detects ambiguously live variables, those that are
being marked live but may not actually have been initialized,
such as in this example:
func f(b1 bool) {
var z **int
if b1 {
x := new(int)
*x = 42
z = &x
} else {
y := new(int)
*y = 54
z = &y
}
print(**z) // x, y live here (conservative)
}
Since the print statement is reachable from the declaration of x,
x must conservatively be marked live. The same goes for y.
Although both x and y are marked live at the print statement,
clearly only one of them has been initialized. They are both
"ambiguously live".
These ambiguously live variables cause problems for garbage
collection: the collector cannot ignore them but also cannot
depend on them to be initialized to valid pointer values.
Ambiguously live variables do not come up too often in real code,
but recent changes to the way map and interface runtime functions
are invoked has created a large number of ambiguously live
compiler-generated temporary variables. The next CL will adjust
the analysis to understand these temporaries better, to make
ambiguously live variables fairly rare.
Once ambiguously live variables are rare enough, another CL will
introduce code at the beginning of a function to zero those
slots on the stack. At that point the garbage collector and the
stack copying routines will be able to depend on the guarantee that
if a slot is marked as live in a liveness bitmap, it is initialized.
R=khr
CC=golang-codereviews, iant
https://golang.org/cl/51810043
Replace the pack command, a C program, with a clean reimplementation in Go.
It does not need to reproduce the full feature set and it is no longer used by
the build chain, but has a role in looking inside archives created by the build
chain directly.
Since it's not in C, it is no longer build by dist, so remove it from cmd/dist and
make it a "tool" in cmd/go terminology.
Fixes#2705
R=rsc, dave, minux.ma, josharian
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/52310044
Map iteration previously started from a random bucket, but walked each
bucket from the beginning. Now, iteration always starts from the first
bucket and walks each bucket starting at a random offset. For
performance, the random offset is selected at the start of iteration
and reused for each bucket.
Iteration over a map with 8 or fewer elements--a single bucket--will
now be non-deterministic. There will now be only 8 different possible
map iterations.
Significant benchmark changes, on my OS X laptop (rough but consistent):
benchmark old ns/op new ns/op delta
BenchmarkMapIter 128 121 -5.47%
BenchmarkMapIterEmpty 4.26 4.45 +4.46%
BenchmarkNewEmptyMap 114 111 -2.63%
Fixes#6719.
R=khr, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/47370043
Having these flags misleads people into thinking they're acceptable
for code that "must be gofmt'd".
If an organization wishes to use gofmt internally with
different settings, they can fork gofmt trivially. But "gofmt"
as used by the community with open source Go code should not
support these old knobs.
Also removes the -comments flag.
Fixes#7101
R=r, gri
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/52170043
For historical reasons, temp was returning a copy
of the created Node*, not the original Node*.
This meant that if analysis recorded information in the
returned node (for example, n->addrtaken = 1), the
analysis would not show up on the original Node*, the
one kept in fn->dcl and consulted during liveness
bitmap creation.
Correct this, and watch for it when setting addrtaken.
Fixes#7083.
R=khr, dave, minux.ma
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/51010045
The golden file for link.hello.darwin.amd64
was a little ahead of the checked-in code.
R=iant
TBR=iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/51870043
Related changes included in this CL:
- Add explicit start symbol to Prog.
- Add omitRuntime bool to Prog.
- Introduce p.Packages[""] to hold automatic symbols
- Add SymOrder to Prog to preserve symbol order.
- Add layout test (and fix bug that was putting everything in text section).
R=iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/51260045
The hex dumps will diff better, and I hope they will avoid
a repeat of http://bugs.debian.org/716853.
The CL will probably show the testdata diffs as "binary",
but in fact the binary versions are being replaced by
textual hex dumps (output of hexdump -C).
R=iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/51000044
Nodes of goto statements were corrupted when written
to export data.
Fixes#7023.
R=rsc, dave, minux.ma
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/46190043
Everything was doing this already with #defines.
Do it right.
R=golang-codereviews, jsing, 0intro, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/49090043
When printing the size, we often want to sort on that key.
Because it's used when looking for large things, make the
sort go from largest to smallest.
Perfect recreation of CL 45150044, which was lost to some blunder.
R=golang-codereviews, gobot, rsc
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/48500044
When recompiling a package whose basename is the name of a standard
package for testing with gccgo, a .o file with the basename of the
package being tested was being placed in the _test/ directory where the
compilation of the test binary then found it when looking for the
standard library package.
This change puts the object files in a separate directory.
Fixes#6793
R=golang-codereviews, dave, gobot, rsc, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/27650045
This change adds solaris to the list of supported operating
systems and allows cmd/dist to be built on Solaris.
This CL has to come first because we want the tools to ignore
solaris-specific files until the whole port is integrated.
R=golang-codereviews, jsing, rsc, minux.ma
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/35900045
[]byte("string") was simplifying to
[]byte{0: 0x73, 1: 0x74, 2: 0x72, 3: 0x69, 4: 0x6e, 5: 0x67},
but that latter form takes up much more memory in the compiler.
Preserve the string form and recognize it to turn global variables
initialized this way into linker-initialized data.
Reduces the compiler memory footprint for a large []byte initialized
this way from approximately 10 kB/B to under 100 B/B.
See also issue 6643.
R=golang-codereviews, r, iant, oleku.konko, dave, gobot, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/15930045
This change fixes a serious performance regression
with reflect.Value growing to 4 words instead of 3.
The json benchmark was ~50% slower, with this change
it is ~5% slower (and the binary is 0.5% larger).
Longer term, we probably need to rethink our copy
generation. Using REP is really expensive time-wise.
But inlining the copy grows the binary.
R=golang-codereviews, r
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/44990043
As much as 7x speedup on some programs, cuts all.bash time by 20%.
Change splicebefore function from O(n) to O(1).
The approach was suggested by Carl during the code's review
but apparently did not make it into the tree.
It makes a huge difference on huge programs.
Make twobitwalktype1 slightly faster by using & instead of %.
Really it needs to be cached; left a note to that effect.
(Not a complete fix, hence the ½.)
big.go (output of test/chan/select5.go)
47.53u 0.50s 48.14r before this CL
7.09u 0.47s 7.59r with splicebefore change (6.7x speedup)
6.15u 0.42s 6.59r with twobitwalktype1 change (1.15x speedup; total 7.7x)
slow.go (variant of program in go.text, by mpvl)
77.75u 2.11s 80.03r before this CL
24.40u 1.97s 26.44r with splicebefore change (3.2x speedup)
18.12u 2.19s 20.38r with twobitwalktype1 change (1.35x speedup; total 4.3x)
test/run
150.63u 49.57s 81.08r before this CL
88.01u 45.60s 46.65r after this CL (1.7x speedup)
all.bash
369.70u 115.64s 256.21r before this CL
298.52u 110.35s 214.67r after this CL (1.24x speedup)
The test programs are at
https://rsc.googlecode.com/hg/testdata/big.go (36k lines, 276kB)
https://rsc.googlecode.com/hg/testdata/slow.go (7k lines, 352kB)
R=golang-codereviews, gobot, r
CC=cshapiro, golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/43210045
Eventually we will want to bypass DATA for everything,
but the relocations are not standardized well enough across
architectures to make that possible.
This did not help as much as I expected, but it is definitely better.
It shaves maybe 1-2% off all.bash depending on how much you
trust the timings of a single run:
Before: 241.139r 362.702u 112.967s
After: 234.339r 359.623u 111.045s
R=golang-codereviews, gobot, r, iant
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/44650043
These no longer work; removing them makes other refactoring easier.
The code for pack P being deleted in this CL does not work either.
I created issue 6989 to track restoring this functionality (probably not
until pack is written in Go).
R=golang-codereviews, bradfitz
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/44300043
The code is all about tags, and the cmd/go documentation
said to look in the go/build documentation for information
about tags, but the documentation said nothing about tags,
only build constraints. Make things clearer.
R=golang-dev, adg, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/44100043
Make hostobj work on OpenBSD 5.3/5.4/-current - these have PIE
enabled by default and linking fails since the Go linker generates
objects that are neither PIC nor PIE.
Fixes#5067
R=golang-dev, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/7572049
warning: src/cmd/6g/reg.c:671 format mismatch d VLONG, arg 4
warning: src/cmd/gc/pgen.c:230 set and not used: oldstksize
warning: src/cmd/gc/plive.c:877 format mismatch lx UVLONG, arg 2
warning: src/cmd/gc/walk.c:2878 set and not used: cbv
warning: src/cmd/gc/walk.c:2885 set and not used: hbv
warning: src/cmd/ld/data.c:198 format mismatch s IND FUNC(IND CHAR) INT, arg 2
warning: src/cmd/ld/data.c:230 format mismatch s IND FUNC(IND CHAR) INT, arg 2
warning: src/cmd/ld/dwarf.c:1517 set and not used: pc
warning: src/cmd/ld/elf.c:1507 format mismatch d VLONG, arg 2
warning: src/cmd/ld/ldmacho.c:509 set and not used: dsymtab
R=golang-dev, gobot, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/36740045
warning: src/libmach/sym.c:1861 non-interruptable temporary
warning: src/cmd/8l/../ld/pcln.c:29 set and not used: p
R=golang-dev, gobot, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/40500043
