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33 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Matthew Dempsky
6113db0bb4 [dev.regabi] cmd/compile: convert OPANIC argument to interface{} during typecheck
Currently, typecheck leaves arguments to OPANIC as their original
type. This CL changes it to insert implicit OCONVIFACE operations to
convert arguments to `interface{}` like how any other function call
would be handled.

No immediate benefits, other than getting to remove a tiny bit of
special-case logic in order.go's handling of OPANICs. Instead, the
generic code path for handling OCONVIFACE is used, if necessary.
Longer term, this should be marginally helpful for #43753, as it
reduces the number of cases where we need values to be addressable for
runtime calls.

However, this does require adding some hacks to appease existing
tests:

1. We need yet another kludge in inline budgeting, to ensure that
reflect.flag.mustBe stays inlinable for cmd/compile/internal/test's
TestIntendedInlining.

2. Since the OCONVIFACE expressions are now being introduced during
typecheck, they're now visible to escape analysis. So expressions like
"panic(1)" are now seen as "panic(interface{}(1))", and escape
analysis warns that the "interface{}(1)" escapes to the heap. These
have always escaped to heap, just now we're accurately reporting about
it.

(Also, unfortunately fmt.go hides implicit conversions by default in
diagnostics messages, so instead of reporting "interface{}(1) escapes
to heap", it actually reports "1 escapes to heap", which is
confusing. However, this confusing messaging also isn't new.)

Change-Id: Icedf60e1d2e464e219441b8d1233a313770272af
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/284412
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cuong Manh Le <cuong.manhle.vn@gmail.com>
Trust: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
2021-01-18 05:55:08 +00:00
Cuong Manh Le
2c95e3a6a8 cmd/compile: use clearer error message for stuct literal
This CL changes "T literal.M" error message to "T{...}.M". It's clearer
expression and focusing user on actual issue.

Updates #38745

Change-Id: I84b455a86742f37e0bde5bf390aa02984eecc3c9
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/253677
Run-TryBot: Cuong Manh Le <cuong.manhle.vn@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
2020-09-12 08:31:49 +00:00
Matthew Dempsky
2a2423bd05 cmd/compile: more precise analysis of method values
Previously for a method value "x.M", we always flowed x directly to
the heap, which led to the receiver argument generally needing to be
heap allocated.

This CL changes it to flow x to the closure and M's receiver
parameter. This allows receiver arguments to be stack allocated as
long as (1) the closure never escapes, *and* (2) method doesn't leak
its receiver parameter.

Within the standard library, this allows a handful of objects to be
stack allocated instead. Listed here are diagnostics that were
previously emitted by "go build -gcflags=-m std cmd" that are no
longer emitted:

archive/tar/writer.go:118:6: moved to heap: f
archive/tar/writer.go:208:6: moved to heap: f
archive/tar/writer.go:248:6: moved to heap: f
cmd/compile/internal/gc/initorder.go:252:2: moved to heap: d
cmd/compile/internal/gc/initorder.go:75:2: moved to heap: s
cmd/go/internal/generate/generate.go:206:7: &Generator literal escapes to heap
cmd/internal/obj/arm64/asm7.go:910:2: moved to heap: c
cmd/internal/obj/mips/asm0.go:415:2: moved to heap: c
cmd/internal/obj/pcln.go:294:22: new(pcinlineState) escapes to heap
cmd/internal/obj/s390x/asmz.go:459:2: moved to heap: c
crypto/tls/handshake_server.go:56:2: moved to heap: hs

Thanks to Cuong Manh Le for help coming up with this solution.

Fixes #27557.

Change-Id: I8c85d671d07fb9b53e11d2dd05949a34dbbd7e17
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/228263
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Cuong Manh Le <cuong.manhle.vn@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
2020-04-21 20:49:34 +00:00
Matthew Dempsky
f346a4c44c test: add regress test for #27557
This commit just adds a regress test for a few of the important corner
cases that I identified in #27557, which turn out to not be tested
anywhere.

While here, annotate a few of the existing test cases where we could
improve escape analysis.

Updates #27557.

Change-Id: Ie57792a538f7899bb17915485fabc86100f469a3
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/197137
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
2019-09-25 17:06:15 +00:00
Matthew Dempsky
606019cb4b cmd/compile: trim function name prefix from escape diagnostics
This information is redundant with the position information already
provided. Also, no other -m diagnostics print out function name.

While here, report parameter leak diagnostics against the parameter
declaration position rather than the function, and use Warnl for
"moved to heap" messages.

Test cases updated programmatically by removing the first word from
every "no match for" error emitted by run.go:

go run run.go |& \
  sed -E -n 's/^(.*):(.*): no match for `([^ ]* (.*))` in:$/\1!\2!\3!\4/p' | \
  while IFS='!' read -r fn line before after; do
    before=$(echo "$before" | sed 's/[.[\*^$()+?{|]/\\&/g')
    after=$(echo "$after" | sed -E 's/(\&|\\)/\\&/g')
    fn=$(find . -name "${fn}" | head -1)
    sed -i -E -e "${line}s/\"${before}\"/\"${after}\"/" "${fn}"
  done

Passes toolstash-check.

Change-Id: I6e02486b1409e4a8dbb2b9b816d22095835426b5
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/195040
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
2019-09-16 15:30:51 +00:00
Matthew Dempsky
9f89edcd96 cmd/compile: silence esc diagnostics about directiface OCONVIFACEs
In general, a conversion to interface type may require values to be
boxed, which in turn necessitates escape analysis to determine whether
the boxed representation can be stack allocated.

However, esc.go used to unconditionally print escape analysis
decisions about OCONVIFACE, even for conversions that don't require
boxing (e.g., pointers, channels, maps, functions).

For test compatibility with esc.go, escape.go similarly printed these
useless diagnostics. This CL removes the diagnostics, and updates test
expectations accordingly.

Change-Id: I97c57a4a08e44d265bba516c78426ff4f2bf1e12
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/192697
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
2019-09-03 17:52:06 +00:00
Matthew Dempsky
501b786e5c test: remove -newescape from regress tests
Prep for subsequent CLs to remove old escape analysis pass.

This CL removes -newescape=true from tests that use it, and deletes
tests that use -newescape=false. (For history, see CL 170447.)

Notably, this removes escape_because.go without any replacement, but
this is being tracked by #31489.

Change-Id: I6f6058d58fff2c5d210cb1d2713200cc9f501ca7
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/187617
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
2019-08-28 19:27:20 +00:00
Matthew Dempsky
a9831633be cmd/compile: update escape analysis tests for newescape
The new escape analysis implementation tries to emit debugging
diagnostics that are compatible with the existing implementation, but
there's a handful of cases that are easier to handle by updating the
test expectations instead.

For regress tests that need updating, the original file is copied to
oldescapeXXX.go.go with -newescape=false added to the //errorcheck
line, while the file is updated in place with -newescape=true and new
test requirements.

Notable test changes:

1) escape_because.go looks for a lot of detailed internal debugging
messages that are fairly particular to how esc.go works and that I
haven't attempted to port over to escape.go yet.

2) There are a lot of "leaking param: x to result ~r1 level=-1"
messages for code like

    func(p *int) *T { return &T{p} }

that were simply wrong. Here &T must be heap allocated unconditionally
(because it's being returned); and since p is stored into it, p
escapes unconditionally too. esc.go incorrectly reports that p escapes
conditionally only if the returned pointer escaped.

3) esc.go used to print each "leaking param" analysis result as it
discovered them, which could lead to redundant messages (e.g., that a
param leaks at level=0 and level=1). escape.go instead prints
everything at the end, once it knows the shortest path to each sink.

4) esc.go didn't precisely model direct-interface types, resulting in
some values unnecessarily escaping to the heap when stored into
non-escaping interface values.

5) For functions written in assembly, esc.go only printed "does not
escape" messages, whereas escape.go prints "does not escape" or
"leaking param" as appropriate, consistent with the behavior for
functions written in Go.

6) 12 tests included "BAD" annotations identifying cases where esc.go
was unnecessarily heap allocating something. These are all fixed by
escape.go.

Updates #23109.

Change-Id: Iabc9eb14c94c9cadde3b183478d1fd54f013502f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/170447
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
2019-04-16 16:20:39 +00:00
Matthew Dempsky
131eb8fbf8 cmd/compile: trim more unnecessary escape analysis messages
"leaking closure reference" is redundant for similar reasons as "&x
escapes to heap" for OADDR nodes: the reference itself does not
allocate, and we already report when the referenced variable is moved
to heap.

"mark escaped content" is redundant with "leaking param content".

Updates #23109.

Change-Id: I1ab599cb1e8434f1918dd80596a70cba7dc8a0cf
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/170321
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
2019-04-02 18:00:32 +00:00
Matthew Dempsky
abefcac10a cmd/compile: skip escape analysis diagnostics for OADDR
For most nodes (e.g., OPTRLIT, OMAKESLICE, OCONVIFACE), escape
analysis prints "escapes to heap" or "does not escape" to indicate
whether that node's allocation can be heap or stack allocated.

These messages are also emitted for OADDR, even though OADDR does not
actually allocate anything itself. Moreover, it's redundant because
escape analysis already prints "moved to heap" diagnostics when an
OADDR node like "&x" causes x to require heap allocation.

Because OADDR nodes don't allocate memory, my escape analysis rewrite
doesn't naturally emit the "escapes to heap" / "does not escape"
diagnostics for them. It's also non-trivial to replicate the exact
semantics esc.go uses for OADDR.

Since there are so many of these messages, I'm disabling them in this
CL by themselves. I modified esc.go to suppress the Warnl calls
without any other behavior changes, and then used a shell script to
automatically remove any ERROR messages mentioned by run.go in
"missing error" or "no match for" lines.

Fixes #16300.
Updates #23109.

Change-Id: I3993e2743c3ff83ccd0893f4e73b366ff8871a57
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/170319
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
2019-04-02 16:34:03 +00:00
Iskander Sharipov
499fbb1a8a cmd/compile/internal/gc: unify self-assignment checks in esc.go
Move slice self-assign check into isSelfAssign function.
Make debug output consistent for all self-assignment cases.

Change-Id: I0e4cc7b3c1fcaeace7226dd80a0dc1ea97347a55
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/136276
Run-TryBot: Iskander Sharipov <iskander.sharipov@intel.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
2018-09-20 09:46:11 +00:00
Iskander Sharipov
859cf7fc0f cmd/compile/internal/gc: handle array slice self-assign in esc.go
Instead of skipping all OSLICEARR, skip only ones with non-pointer
array type. For pointers to arrays, it's safe to apply the
self-assignment slicing optimizations.

Refactored the matching code into separate function for readability.

This is an extension to already existing optimization.

On its own, it does not improve any code under std, but
it opens some new optimization opportunities. One
of them is described in the referenced issue.

Updates #7921

Change-Id: I08ac660d3ef80eb15fd7933fb73cf53ded9333ad
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/133375
Run-TryBot: Iskander Sharipov <iskander.sharipov@intel.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>
2018-09-17 11:14:58 +00:00
Tobias Klauser
d7ec89c198 test: add missing escape analysis test
https://golang.org/cl/37508 added an escape analysis test for #12397 to
escape2.go but missed to add it to escape2n.go. The comment at the top
of the former states that the latter should contain all the same tests
and the tests only differ in using -N to compile. Conform to this by
adding the function issue12397 to escape2n.go as well.

Also fix a whitespace difference in escape2.go, so the two files match
exactly (except for the comment at the top).

Change-Id: I3a09cf95169bf2150a25d6b4ec9e147265d36760
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/54610
Reviewed-by: Avelino <t@avelino.xxx>
Reviewed-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
2017-08-11 00:56:21 +00:00
Emmanuel Odeke
53fd522c0d all: make copyright headers consistent with one space after period
Follows suit with https://go-review.googlesource.com/#/c/20111.

Generated by running
$ grep -R 'Go Authors.  All' * | cut -d":" -f1 | while read F;do perl -pi -e 's/Go
Authors.  All/Go Authors. All/g' $F;done

The code in cmd/internal/unvendor wasn't changed.

Fixes #15213

Change-Id: I4f235cee0a62ec435f9e8540a1ec08ae03b1a75f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/21819
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
2016-05-02 13:43:18 +00:00
David Chase
e779bfa5d2 cmd/compile: better modeling of escape across loop levels
Brief background on "why heap allocate".  Things can be
forced to the heap for the following reasons:

1) address published, hence lifetime unknown.
2) size unknown/too large, cannot be stack allocated
3) multiplicity unknown/too large, cannot be stack allocated
4) reachable from heap (not necessarily published)

The bug here is a case of failing to enforce 4) when an
object Y was reachable from a heap allocation X forced
because of 3).  It was found in the case of a closure
allocated within a loop (X) and assigned to a variable
outside the loop (multiplicity unknown) where the closure
also captured a map (Y) declared outside the loop (reachable
from heap). Note the variable declared outside the loop (Y)
is not published, has known size, and known multiplicity
(one). The only reason for heap allocation is that it was
reached from a heap allocated item (X), but because that was
not forced by publication, it has to be tracked by loop
level, but escape-loop level was not tracked and thus a bug
results.

The fix is that when a heap allocation is newly discovered,
use its looplevel as the minimum loop level for downstream
escape flooding.

Every attempt to generalize this bug to X-in-loop-
references-Y-outside loop succeeded, so the fix was aimed
to be general.  Anywhere that loop level forces heap
allocation, the loop level is tracked.  This is not yet
tested for all possible X and Y, but it is correctness-
conservative and because it caused only one trivial
regression in the escape tests, it is probably also
performance-conservative.

The new test checks the following:
1) in the map case, that if fn escapes, so does the map.
2) in the map case, if fn does not escape, neither does the map.
3) in the &x case, that if fn escapes, so does &x.
4) in the &x case, if fn does not escape, neither does &x.

Fixes #13799.

Change-Id: Ie280bef2bb86ec869c7c206789d0b68f080c3fdb
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/18234
Run-TryBot: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
2016-01-13 04:01:00 +00:00
David Chase
f7a39a54e9 cmd/compile: escape analysis, don't always escape variadic args
Turns out the summary information for the ... args was
already correctly computed, all that lacked was to make
use of it and correct tests that documented our prior
deficiencies.

Fixes #12006

Change-Id: Ie8adfab7547f179391d470679598f0904aabf9f7
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/15200
Reviewed-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
2015-10-04 20:45:35 +00:00
Russ Cox
66130907d1 cmd/compile: handle copy in escape analysis
Somehow we missed this!
Fixes #11387.

Change-Id: Ida08fe52eff7da2ef7765b4cf35a39a301420c43
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/11460
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
2015-06-24 22:22:55 +00:00
Russ Cox
fd2154f906 cmd/compile: move Node.Curfn into both Node.Func and Node.Name
$ sizeof -p cmd/compile/internal/gc Node
Node 168
$

Change-Id: If624a2d72ec04ef30a1bc7ce76c0d61a526d8a37
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/10532
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
2015-06-03 20:09:52 +00:00
David Chase
a21cf5b6a2 cmd/internal/gc: extend escape analysis to pointers in slices
Modified esc.go to allow slice literals (before append)
to be non-escaping.  Modified tests to account for changes
in escape behavior and to also test the two cases that
were previously not tested.

Also minor cleanups to debug-printing within esc.go

Allocation stats for running compiler
( cd src/html/template;
  for i in {1..5} ; do
     go tool 6g -memprofile=testzz.${i}.prof  -memprofilerate=1 *.go ;
     go tool pprof -alloc_objects -text  testzz.${i}.prof ;
     done ; )
before about 86k allocations
after  about 83k allocations

Fixes #8972

Change-Id: Ib61dd70dc74adb40d6f6fdda6eaa4bf7d83481de
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/10118
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
2015-05-18 15:34:39 +00:00
David Chase
7fbb1b36c3 cmd/internal/gc: improve flow of input params to output params
This includes the following information in the per-function summary:

outK = paramJ   encoded in outK bits for paramJ
outK = *paramJ  encoded in outK bits for paramJ
heap = paramJ   EscHeap
heap = *paramJ  EscContentEscapes

Note that (currently) if the address of a parameter is taken and
returned, necessarily a heap allocation occurred to contain that
reference, and the heap can never refer to stack, therefore the
parameter and everything downstream from it escapes to the heap.

The per-function summary information now has a tuneable number of bits
(2 is probably noticeably better than 1, 3 is likely overkill, but it
is now easy to check and the -m debugging output includes information
that allows you to figure out if more would be better.)

A new test was  added to check pointer flow through struct-typed and
*struct-typed parameters and returns; some of these are sensitive to
the number of summary bits, and ought to yield better results with a
more competent escape analysis algorithm.  Another new test checks
(some) correctness with array parameters, results, and operations.

The old analysis inferred a piece of plan9 runtime was non-escaping by
counteracting overconservative analysis with buggy analysis; with the
bug fixed, the result was too conservative (and it's not easy to fix
in this framework) so the source code was tweaked to get the desired
result.  A test was added against the discovered bug.

The escape analysis was further improved splitting the "level" into
3 parts, one tracking the conventional "level" and the other two
computing the highest-level-suffix-from-copy, which is used to
generally model the cancelling effect of indirection applied to
address-of.

With the improved escape analysis enabled, it was necessary to
modify one of the runtime tests because it now attempts to allocate
too much on the (small, fixed-size) G0 (system) stack and this
failed the test.

Compiling src/std after touching src/runtime/*.go with -m logging
turned on shows 420 fewer heap allocation sites (10538 vs 10968).

Profiling allocations in src/html/template with
for i in {1..5} ;
  do go tool 6g -memprofile=mastx.${i}.prof  -memprofilerate=1 *.go;
  go tool pprof -alloc_objects -text  mastx.${i}.prof ;
done

showed a 15% reduction in allocations performed by the compiler.

Update #3753
Update #4720
Fixes #10466

Change-Id: I0fd97d5f5ac527b45f49e2218d158a6e89951432
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/8202
Run-TryBot: David Chase <drchase@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
2015-05-01 13:47:20 +00:00
Dmitry Vyukov
7647741246 test: add -update_errors flag to run script
The flag updates error annotations in test files from actual compiler output.
This is useful when doing compiler changes that add/remove/change lots of errors,
or when adding lots of new tests.
Also I noticed at least 2 cases where annotation were sub-optimal:
1. The annotation was "leaking param p" when the actual error is
"leaking param p to result ~r1".
2. The annotation was "leaking param m" when the actual errors
are "leaking param m" and "leaking param mv1".

For now it works only for errorcheck mode.

Also, apply the update to escape and liveness tests.
Some files have gccgo-specific errors of the form "gc error|gccgo error",
so it is risky to run update on all files. Gccgo-specific error
does not necessary contain '|', it can be just truncated.

Change-Id: Iaaae767f859dcb8321a8cb4970b2b70969e8a345
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/5310
Run-TryBot: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@golang.org>
2015-04-10 11:33:42 +00:00
Dmitry Vyukov
878a86a129 cmd/gc: fix escape analysis of closures
Fixes #10353

See test/escape2.go:issue10353. Previously new(int) did not escape to heap,
and so heap-allcated closure was referencing a stack var. This breaks
the invariant that heap must not contain pointers to stack.

Look at the following program:

package main

func main() {
	foo(new(int))
	bar(new(int))
}

func foo(x *int) func() {
	return func() {
		println(*x)
	}
}

// Models what foo effectively does.
func bar(x *int) *C {
	return &C{x}
}

type C struct {
	x *int
}

Without this patch escape analysis works as follows:

$ go build -gcflags="-m -m -m -l" esc.go
escflood:1: dst ~r1 scope:foo[0]
escwalk: level:0 depth:0  func literal( l(9) f(1) esc(no) ld(1)) scope:foo[1]
/tmp/live2.go:9: func literal escapes to heap
escwalk: level:0 depth:1 	 x( l(8) class(PPARAM) f(1) esc(no) ld(1)) scope:foo[1]
/tmp/live2.go:8: leaking param: x to result ~r1

escflood:2: dst ~r1 scope:bar[0]
escwalk: level:0 depth:0  &C literal( l(15) esc(no) ld(1)) scope:bar[1]
/tmp/live2.go:15: &C literal escapes to heap
escwalk: level:-1 depth:1 	 &C literal( l(15)) scope:bar[0]
escwalk: level:-1 depth:2 		 x( l(14) class(PPARAM) f(1) esc(no) ld(1)) scope:bar[1]
/tmp/live2.go:14: leaking param: x

/tmp/live2.go:5: new(int) escapes to heap
/tmp/live2.go:4: main new(int) does not escape

new(int) does not escape while being captured by the closure.
With this patch escape analysis of foo and bar works similarly:

$ go build -gcflags="-m -m -m -l" esc.go
escflood:1: dst ~r1 scope:foo[0]
escwalk: level:0 depth:0  &(func literal)( l(9)) scope:foo[0]
escwalk: level:-1 depth:1 	 func literal( l(9) f(1) esc(no) ld(1)) scope:foo[1]
/tmp/live2.go:9: func literal escapes to heap
escwalk: level:-1 depth:2 		 x( l(8) class(PPARAM) f(1) esc(no) ld(1)) scope:foo[1]
/tmp/live2.go:8: leaking param: x

escflood:2: dst ~r1 scope:bar[0]
escwalk: level:0 depth:0  &C literal( l(15) esc(no) ld(1)) scope:bar[1]
/tmp/live2.go:15: &C literal escapes to heap
escwalk: level:-1 depth:1 	 &C literal( l(15)) scope:bar[0]
escwalk: level:-1 depth:2 		 x( l(14) class(PPARAM) f(1) esc(no) ld(1)) scope:bar[1]
/tmp/live2.go:14: leaking param: x

/tmp/live2.go:4: new(int) escapes to heap
/tmp/live2.go:5: new(int) escapes to heap

Change-Id: Ifd14b7ae3fc11820e3b5eb31eb07f35a22ed0932
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/8408
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
2015-04-09 09:56:27 +00:00
Dmitry Vyukov
edcc062bdc test: add tests for escape analysis of interface conversions
The false positives (var incorrectly escapes) are marked with BAD.

Change-Id: If64fabb6ea96de44a1177d9ab12e2ccc579fe0c4
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/5294
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
2015-03-28 16:15:27 +00:00
Dmitry Vyukov
1f5617e37c test: add additional ... tests for escape analysis
False positives (var incorrectly escapes) are marked with BAD.

Change-Id: I646a29ffe24d963c63db09cba81dbc101d7c7242
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/5296
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
2015-03-28 13:07:19 +00:00
Chris Manghane
77d7771a82 cmd/internal/gc: omit non-explicit capacity in errors with map/chan make
Fixes #9083.

Change-Id: Ifbdebafb39a73a1dacf7e67171e8e88028d1f10b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/1219
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Chris Manghane <cmang@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
2015-02-25 20:04:22 +00:00
Dmitry Vyukov
b3be360f16 cmd/gc: allocate non-escaping maps on stack
Extend escape analysis to make(map[k]v).
If it does not escape, allocate temp buffer for hmap and one bucket on stack.

There are 75 cases of non-escaping maps in std lib.

benchmark                                    old allocs     new allocs     delta
BenchmarkConcurrentStmtQuery                 16161          15161          -6.19%
BenchmarkConcurrentTxQuery                   17658          16658          -5.66%
BenchmarkConcurrentTxStmtQuery               16157          15156          -6.20%
BenchmarkConcurrentRandom                    13637          13114          -3.84%
BenchmarkManyConcurrentQueries               22             20             -9.09%
BenchmarkDecodeComplex128Slice               250            188            -24.80%
BenchmarkDecodeFloat64Slice                  250            188            -24.80%
BenchmarkDecodeInt32Slice                    250            188            -24.80%
BenchmarkDecodeStringSlice                   2250           2188           -2.76%
BenchmarkNewEmptyMap                         1              0              -100.00%
BenchmarkNewSmallMap                         2              0              -100.00%

benchmark                old ns/op     new ns/op     delta
BenchmarkNewEmptyMap     124           55.7          -55.08%
BenchmarkNewSmallMap     317           148           -53.31%

benchmark                old allocs     new allocs     delta
BenchmarkNewEmptyMap     1              0              -100.00%
BenchmarkNewSmallMap     2              0              -100.00%

benchmark                old bytes     new bytes     delta
BenchmarkNewEmptyMap     48            0             -100.00%
BenchmarkNewSmallMap     192           0             -100.00%

Fixes #5449

Change-Id: I24fa66f949d2f138885d9e66a0d160240dc9e8fa
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/3508
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
2015-02-12 09:53:52 +00:00
Dmitry Vyukov
9568126f35 cmd/gc: allocate buffers for non-escaping string conversions on stack
Support the following conversions in escape analysis:
[]rune("foo")
[]byte("foo")
string([]rune{})

If the result does not escape, allocate temp buffer on stack
and pass it to runtime functions.

Change-Id: I1d075907eab8b0109ad7ad1878104b02b3d5c690
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/3590
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
2015-02-12 08:29:53 +00:00
Dmitry Vyukov
0e80b2e082 cmd/gc: capture variables by value
Language specification says that variables are captured by reference.
And that is what gc compiler does. However, in lots of cases it is
possible to capture variables by value under the hood without
affecting visible behavior of programs. For example, consider
the following typical pattern:

	func (o *Obj) requestMany(urls []string) []Result {
		wg := new(sync.WaitGroup)
		wg.Add(len(urls))
		res := make([]Result, len(urls))
		for i := range urls {
			i := i
			go func() {
				res[i] = o.requestOne(urls[i])
				wg.Done()
			}()
		}
		wg.Wait()
		return res
	}

Currently o, wg, res, and i are captured by reference causing 3+len(urls)
allocations (e.g. PPARAM o is promoted to PPARAMREF and moved to heap).
But all of them can be captured by value without changing behavior.

This change implements simple strategy for capturing by value:
if a captured variable is not addrtaken and never assigned to,
then it is captured by value (it is effectively const).
This simple strategy turned out to be very effective:
~80% of all captures in std lib are turned into value captures.
The remaining 20% are mostly in defers and non-escaping closures,
that is, they do not cause allocations anyway.

benchmark                                    old allocs     new allocs     delta
BenchmarkCompressedZipGarbage                153            126            -17.65%
BenchmarkEncodeDigitsSpeed1e4                91             69             -24.18%
BenchmarkEncodeDigitsSpeed1e5                178            129            -27.53%
BenchmarkEncodeDigitsSpeed1e6                1510           1051           -30.40%
BenchmarkEncodeDigitsDefault1e4              100            75             -25.00%
BenchmarkEncodeDigitsDefault1e5              193            139            -27.98%
BenchmarkEncodeDigitsDefault1e6              1420           985            -30.63%
BenchmarkEncodeDigitsCompress1e4             100            75             -25.00%
BenchmarkEncodeDigitsCompress1e5             193            139            -27.98%
BenchmarkEncodeDigitsCompress1e6             1420           985            -30.63%
BenchmarkEncodeTwainSpeed1e4                 109            81             -25.69%
BenchmarkEncodeTwainSpeed1e5                 211            151            -28.44%
BenchmarkEncodeTwainSpeed1e6                 1588           1097           -30.92%
BenchmarkEncodeTwainDefault1e4               103            77             -25.24%
BenchmarkEncodeTwainDefault1e5               199            143            -28.14%
BenchmarkEncodeTwainDefault1e6               1324           917            -30.74%
BenchmarkEncodeTwainCompress1e4              103            77             -25.24%
BenchmarkEncodeTwainCompress1e5              190            137            -27.89%
BenchmarkEncodeTwainCompress1e6              1327           919            -30.75%
BenchmarkConcurrentDBExec                    16223          16220          -0.02%
BenchmarkConcurrentStmtQuery                 17687          16182          -8.51%
BenchmarkConcurrentStmtExec                  5191           5186           -0.10%
BenchmarkConcurrentTxQuery                   17665          17661          -0.02%
BenchmarkConcurrentTxExec                    15154          15150          -0.03%
BenchmarkConcurrentTxStmtQuery               17661          16157          -8.52%
BenchmarkConcurrentTxStmtExec                3677           3673           -0.11%
BenchmarkConcurrentRandom                    14000          13614          -2.76%
BenchmarkManyConcurrentQueries               25             22             -12.00%
BenchmarkDecodeComplex128Slice               318            252            -20.75%
BenchmarkDecodeFloat64Slice                  318            252            -20.75%
BenchmarkDecodeInt32Slice                    318            252            -20.75%
BenchmarkDecodeStringSlice                   2318           2252           -2.85%
BenchmarkDecode                              11             8              -27.27%
BenchmarkEncodeGray                          64             56             -12.50%
BenchmarkEncodeNRGBOpaque                    64             56             -12.50%
BenchmarkEncodeNRGBA                         67             58             -13.43%
BenchmarkEncodePaletted                      68             60             -11.76%
BenchmarkEncodeRGBOpaque                     64             56             -12.50%
BenchmarkGoLookupIP                          153            139            -9.15%
BenchmarkGoLookupIPNoSuchHost                508            466            -8.27%
BenchmarkGoLookupIPWithBrokenNameServer      245            226            -7.76%
BenchmarkClientServer                        62             59             -4.84%
BenchmarkClientServerParallel4               62             59             -4.84%
BenchmarkClientServerParallel64              62             59             -4.84%
BenchmarkClientServerParallelTLS4            79             76             -3.80%
BenchmarkClientServerParallelTLS64           112            109            -2.68%
BenchmarkCreateGoroutinesCapture             10             6              -40.00%
BenchmarkAfterFunc                           1006           1005           -0.10%

Fixes #6632.

Change-Id: I0cd51e4d356331d7f3c5f447669080cd19b0d2ca
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/3166
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
2015-01-29 13:07:30 +00:00
Dmitry Vyukov
4ce4d8b2c4 cmd/gc: allocate stack buffer for ORUNESTR
If result of string(i) does not escape,
allocate a [4]byte temp on stack for it.

Change-Id: If31ce9447982929d5b3b963fd0830efae4247c37
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/3411
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
2015-01-28 20:37:20 +00:00
Dmitry Vyukov
e6fac08146 cmd/gc: allocate buffers for non-escaped strings on stack
Currently we always allocate string buffers in heap.
For example, in the following code we allocate a temp string
just for comparison:

	if string(byteSlice) == "abc" { ... }

This change extends escape analysis to cover []byte->string
conversions and string concatenation. If the result of operations
does not escape, compiler allocates a small buffer
on stack and passes it to slicebytetostring and concatstrings.
Then runtime uses the buffer if the result fits into it.

Size of the buffer is 32 bytes. There is no fundamental theory
behind this number. Just an observation that on std lib
tests/benchmarks frequency of string allocation is inversely
proportional to string length; and there is significant number
of allocations up to length 32.

benchmark                                    old allocs     new allocs     delta
BenchmarkFprintfBytes                        2              1              -50.00%
BenchmarkDecodeComplex128Slice               318            316            -0.63%
BenchmarkDecodeFloat64Slice                  318            316            -0.63%
BenchmarkDecodeInt32Slice                    318            316            -0.63%
BenchmarkDecodeStringSlice                   2318           2316           -0.09%
BenchmarkStripTags                           11             5              -54.55%
BenchmarkDecodeGray                          111            102            -8.11%
BenchmarkDecodeNRGBAGradient                 200            188            -6.00%
BenchmarkDecodeNRGBAOpaque                   165            152            -7.88%
BenchmarkDecodePaletted                      319            309            -3.13%
BenchmarkDecodeRGB                           166            157            -5.42%
BenchmarkDecodeInterlacing                   279            268            -3.94%
BenchmarkGoLookupIP                          153            135            -11.76%
BenchmarkGoLookupIPNoSuchHost                508            466            -8.27%
BenchmarkGoLookupIPWithBrokenNameServer      245            226            -7.76%
BenchmarkClientServerParallel4               62             61             -1.61%
BenchmarkClientServerParallel64              62             61             -1.61%
BenchmarkClientServerParallelTLS4            79             78             -1.27%
BenchmarkClientServerParallelTLS64           112            111            -0.89%

benchmark                                    old ns/op      new ns/op      delta
BenchmarkFprintfBytes                        381            311            -18.37%
BenchmarkStripTags                           2615           2351           -10.10%
BenchmarkDecodeNRGBAGradient                 3715887        3635096        -2.17%
BenchmarkDecodeNRGBAOpaque                   3047645        2928644        -3.90%
BenchmarkGoLookupIP                          153            135            -11.76%
BenchmarkGoLookupIPNoSuchHost                508            466            -8.27%

Change-Id: I9ec01da816945c3329d7be3c7794b520418c3f99
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/3120
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
2015-01-28 20:12:38 +00:00
Dmitry Vyukov
22c16b4b92 cmd/gc: ignore re-slicing in escape analysis
Escape analysis treats everything assigned to OIND/ODOTPTR as escaping.
As the result b escapes in the following code:

	func (b *Buffer) Foo() {
		n, m := ...
		b.buf = b.buf[n:m]
	}

This change recognizes such assignments and ignores them.

Update issue #9043.
Update issue #7921.

There are two similar cases in std lib that benefit from this optimization.
First is in archive/zip:

type readBuf []byte
func (b *readBuf) uint32() uint32 {
	v := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(*b)
	*b = (*b)[4:]
	return v
}

Second is in time:

type data struct {
	p     []byte
	error bool
}

func (d *data) read(n int) []byte {
	if len(d.p) < n {
		d.p = nil
		d.error = true
		return nil
	}
	p := d.p[0:n]
	d.p = d.p[n:]
	return p
}

benchmark                         old ns/op     new ns/op     delta
BenchmarkCompressedZipGarbage     32431724      32217851      -0.66%

benchmark                         old allocs     new allocs     delta
BenchmarkCompressedZipGarbage     153            143            -6.54%

Change-Id: Ia6cd32744e02e36d6d8c19f402f8451101711626
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/3162
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
2015-01-28 17:37:55 +00:00
Dmitry Vyukov
1b87f01239 cmd/gc: improve escape analysis for &T{...}
Currently all PTRLIT element initializers escape. There is no reason for that.
This change links STRUCTLIT to PTRLIT; STRUCTLIT element initializers are
already linked to the STRUCTLIT. As the result, PTRLIT element initializers
escape when PTRLIT itself escapes.

Change-Id: I89ecd8677cbf81addcfd469cd2fd461c0e9bf7dd
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/3031
Reviewed-by: Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
2015-01-28 16:59:01 +00:00
Russ Cox
00d2f916ad cmd/gc: run escape analysis always (even in -N mode)
Fixes #8585.
Removes some little-used code paths.

LGTM=josharian
R=golang-codereviews, minux, josharian
CC=golang-codereviews, iant, r
https://golang.org/cl/132970043
2014-09-24 15:20:03 -04:00