The type information is (and for years has been) included
as an extra field in the address chunk of an instruction.
Unfortunately, suppose there is a string at a+24(FP) and
we have an instruction reading its length. It will say:
MOVQ x+32(FP), AX
and the type of *that* argument is int (not slice), because
it is the length being read. This confuses the picture seen
by debuggers and now, worse, by the garbage collector.
Instead of attaching the type information to all uses,
emit an explicit list of TYPE instructions with the information.
The TYPE instructions are no-ops whose only role is to
provide an address to attach type information to.
For example, this function:
func f(x, y, z int) (a, b string) {
return
}
now compiles into:
--- prog list "f" ---
0000 (/Users/rsc/x.go:3) TEXT f+0(SB),$0-56
0001 (/Users/rsc/x.go:3) LOCALS ,
0002 (/Users/rsc/x.go:3) TYPE x+0(FP){int},$8
0003 (/Users/rsc/x.go:3) TYPE y+8(FP){int},$8
0004 (/Users/rsc/x.go:3) TYPE z+16(FP){int},$8
0005 (/Users/rsc/x.go:3) TYPE a+24(FP){string},$16
0006 (/Users/rsc/x.go:3) TYPE b+40(FP){string},$16
0007 (/Users/rsc/x.go:3) MOVQ $0,b+40(FP)
0008 (/Users/rsc/x.go:3) MOVQ $0,b+48(FP)
0009 (/Users/rsc/x.go:3) MOVQ $0,a+24(FP)
0010 (/Users/rsc/x.go:3) MOVQ $0,a+32(FP)
0011 (/Users/rsc/x.go:4) RET ,
The { } show the formerly hidden type information.
The { } syntax is used when printing from within the gc compiler.
It is not accepted by the assemblers.
The same type information is now included on global variables:
0055 (/Users/rsc/x.go:15) GLOBL slice+0(SB){[]string},$24(AL*0)
This more accurate type information fixes a bug in the
garbage collector's precise heap collection.
The linker only cares about globals right now, but having the
local information should make things a little nicer for Carl
in the future.
Fixes#4907.
R=ken2
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/7395056
The new src argument is ignored during linking
(that is, CALL r1, r2 is identical to CALL r2 for linking),
but it serves as a hint to the 5g/6g/8g optimizer
that the src register is live on entry to the called
function and must be preserved.
It is possible to avoid exposing this fact to the rest of
the toolchain, keeping it entirely within 5g/6g/8g,
but I think it will help to be able to look in object files
and assembly listings and linker -a / -W output to
see CALL instructions are "Go func value" calls and
which are "C function pointer" calls.
R=ken2
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/7364045
runtime: add context argument to gogocall
Too many other things use AX, and at least one
(stack zeroing) cannot be moved onto a different
register. Use the less special DX instead.
Preparation for step 2 of http://golang.org/s/go11func.
Nothing interesting here, just split out so that we can
see it's correct before moving on.
R=ken2
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/7395050
Previously, the func structure contained an inaccurate value for
the args member and a 0 value for the locals member.
This change populates the func structure with args and locals
values computed by the compiler. The number of args was
already available in the ATEXT instruction. The number of
locals is now passed through in the new ALOCALS instruction.
This change also switches the unit of args and locals to be
bytes, just like the frame member, instead of 32-bit words.
R=golang-dev, bradfitz, cshapiro, dave, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/7399045
Also:
- faster code for example extraction
- simplify handling of command documentation:
all "main" packages are treated as commands
- various minor cleanups along the way
For commands written in Go, any doc.go file containing
documentation must now be part of package main (rather
then package documentation), otherwise the documentation
won't show up in godoc (it will still build, though).
For commands written in C, documentation may still be
in doc.go files defining package documentation, but the
recommended way is to explicitly ignore those files with
a +build ignore constraint to define package main.
Fixes#4806.
R=adg, rsc, dave, bradfitz
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/7333046
A step toward a fix for issue 4069.
To allow linking with arbitrary host object files, add a linker mode
that can generate a host object file instead of an executable.
Then the host linker can be invoked to generate the final executable.
This CL adds a new -hostobj flag that instructs the linker to write
a host object file instead of an executable.
That is, this works:
go tool 6g x.go
go tool 6l -hostobj -o x.o x.6
ld -e _rt0_amd64_linux x.o
./a.out
as does:
go tool 8g x.go
go tool 8l -hostld ignored -o x.o x.8
ld -m elf_i386 -e _rt0_386_linux x.o
./a.out
Because 5l was never updated to use the standard relocation scheme,
it will take more work to get this working on ARM.
This is a checkpoint of the basic functionality. It does not work
with cgo yet, and cgo is the main reason for the change.
The command-line interface will likely change too.
The gc linker has other information that needs to be returned to
the caller for use when invoking the host linker besides the single
object file.
R=iant, iant
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/7060044
The linker accepts MOVB involving non-byte-addressable
registers, by generating XCHG instructions to AX or BX.
It does not handle the case where nor AX nor BX are available.
See also revision 1470920a2804.
Assembling
TEXT ·Truc(SB),7,$0
MOVB BP, (BX)(AX*1)
RET
gives before:
08048c60 <main.Truc>:
8048c60: 87 dd xchg %ebx,%ebp
8048c62: 88 1c 03 mov %bl,(%ebx,%eax,1)
8048c65: 87 dd xchg %ebx,%ebp
8048c67: c3 ret
and after:
08048c60 <main.Truc>:
8048c60: 87 cd xchg %ecx,%ebp
8048c62: 88 0c 03 mov %cl,(%ebx,%eax,1)
8048c65: 87 cd xchg %ecx,%ebp
8048c67: c3 ret
R=golang-dev, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/7226066
There's no b in race detector.
The new flag matches the one in the go command
(go test -race math).
R=golang-dev, dsymonds
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/7072043
This CL adds a flag parser that matches the semantics of Go's
package flag. It also changes the linkers and compilers to use
the new flag parser.
Command lines that used to work, like
8c -FVw
6c -Dfoo
5g -I/foo/bar
now need to be split into separate arguments:
8c -F -V -w
6c -D foo
5g -I /foo/bar
The new spacing will work with both old and new tools.
The new parser also allows = for arguments, as in
6c -D=foo
5g -I=/foo/bar
but that syntax will not work with the old tools.
In addition to matching standard Go binary flag parsing,
the new flag parser generates more detailed usage messages
and opens the door to long flag names.
The recently added gc flag -= has been renamed -complete.
R=remyoudompheng, daniel.morsing, minux.ma, iant
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/7035043
More cleanup in preparation for fixing issue 4069.
This CL replaces the three nearly identical copies of the
asmb ELF code with a single asmbelf function in elf.c.
In addition to the ELF code movement, remove the elfstr
array in favor of a simpler lookup, and identify sections by
name throughout instead of computing fragile indices.
The CL also replaces the three nearly identical copies of the
genasmsym code with a single genasmsym function in lib.c.
The ARM linker still compiles and generates binaries,
but I haven't tested the binaries. They may not work.
R=ken2
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/7062047
The OpenBSD ld.so(1) does not currently support PT_TLS and refuses
to load ELF binaries that contain PT_TLS sections. Do not emit PT_TLS
sections - we will handle this appropriately in runtime/cgo instead.
R=golang-dev, minux.ma, iant
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6846064
The stack overflow checker in the linker uses the spadj field
to determine whether stack space will be large enough or not.
When spadj=0, the checker treats the function as a nosplit
and emits an error although the program is correct.
Also enable the stack checker in 8l.
Fixes#4316.
R=rsc, golang-dev
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6855088
The 8l linker automatically inserts XCHG instructions
to support otherwise impossible byte registers
(only available on AX, BX, CX, DX).
Sometimes AX or DX is needed (for MUL and DIV) so
we need to avoid clobbering them.
R=golang-dev, dave, iant, iant, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6846057
This is an experiment in static analysis of Go programs
to understand which struct fields a program might use.
It is not part of the Go language specification, it must
be enabled explicitly when building the toolchain,
and it may be removed at any time.
After building the toolchain with GOEXPERIMENT=fieldtrack,
a specific field can be marked for tracking by including
`go:"track"` in the field tag:
package pkg
type T struct {
F int `go:"track"`
G int // untracked
}
To simplify usage, only named struct types can have
tracked fields, and only exported fields can be tracked.
The implementation works by making each function begin
with a sequence of no-op USEFIELD instructions declaring
which tracked fields are accessed by a specific function.
After the linker's dead code elimination removes unused
functions, the fields referred to by the remaining
USEFIELD instructions are the ones reported as used by
the binary.
The -k option to the linker specifies the fully qualified
symbol name (such as my/pkg.list) of a string variable that
should be initialized with the field tracking information
for the program. The field tracking string is a sequence
of lines, each terminated by a \n and describing a single
tracked field referred to by the program. Each line is made
up of one or more tab-separated fields. The first field is
the name of the tracked field, fully qualified, as in
"my/pkg.T.F". Subsequent fields give a shortest path of
reverse references from that field to a global variable or
function, corresponding to one way in which the program
might reach that field.
A common source of false positives in field tracking is
types with large method sets, because a reference to the
type descriptor carries with it references to all methods.
To address this problem, the CL also introduces a comment
annotation
//go:nointerface
that marks an upcoming method declaration as unavailable
for use in satisfying interfaces, both statically and
dynamically. Such a method is also invisible to package
reflect.
Again, all of this is disabled by default. It only turns on
if you have GOEXPERIMENT=fieldtrack set during make.bash.
R=iant, ken
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6749064
Use explicit IntSize constant instead of 4.
This CL does not change the meaning of int, but it should make
the eventual change of the meaning of int on amd64 a bit
smoother.
Update #2188.
R=ken, dave
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6554076
OpenBSD now requires ELF binaries to have a PT_NOTE that identifies
it as an OpenBSD binary. Refactor the existing NetBSD ELF signature
code and implement support for OpenBSD ELF signatures.
R=golang-dev, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6489131
This fixes a problem with ELF tools thinking they know the
format of the symbol table, as we do not use any of the
standard formats for that table.
This change will probably annoy the Plan 9 users, but I
believe there are other incompatibilities already that mean
they have to use a Go-specific nm.
Fixes#3473.
R=golang-dev, iant
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6500117
Broke tests on 386.
««« original CL description
6l/8l: emit correct opcodes to F(SUB|DIV)R?D.
When the destination was not F0, 6l and 8l swapped FSUBD/FSUBRD and
FDIVD/FDIVRD.
R=golang-dev, dave, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6498092
»»»
R=golang-dev
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6492100
PAX systems are Linux systems that are more paranoid about memory permissions.
These flags tell them to relax when running Go binaries.
Fixes#47.
R=iant
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6326054
On 6l and 8l, this is a real instruction, guaranteed to
cause an 'undefined instruction' exception.
On 5l, we simulate it as BL to address 0.
The plan is to use it as a signal to the linker that this
point in the instruction stream cannot be reached
(hence the changes to nofollow). This will help the
compiler explain that panicindex and friends do not
return without having to put a list of these functions
in the linker.
R=ken2
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6255064
16 seems pretty standard on x86 for function entry.
I don't know if ARM would benefit, so I used just 4
(single instruction alignment).
This has a minor absolute effect on the current timings.
The main hope is that it will make them more consistent from
run to run.
benchmark old ns/op new ns/op delta
BenchmarkBinaryTree17 4222117400 4140739800 -1.93%
BenchmarkFannkuch11 3462631800 3259914400 -5.85%
BenchmarkGobDecode 20887622 20620222 -1.28%
BenchmarkGobEncode 9548772 9384886 -1.72%
BenchmarkGzip 151687 150333 -0.89%
BenchmarkGunzip 8742 8741 -0.01%
BenchmarkJSONEncode 62730560 65210990 +3.95%
BenchmarkJSONDecode 252569180 249394860 -1.26%
BenchmarkMandelbrot200 5267599 5273394 +0.11%
BenchmarkRevcomp25M 980813500 996013800 +1.55%
BenchmarkTemplate 361259100 360620840 -0.18%
R=ken2
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6244066
The code was inconsistent about when it used
brchain(x) and when it used x directly, with the result
that you could end up emitting code for brchain(x) but
leave the jump pointing at an unemitted x.
R=ken2
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6250077
The old code generated for a bounds check was
CMP
JLT ok
CALL panicindex
ok:
...
The new code is (once the linker finishes with it):
CMP
JGE panic
...
panic:
CALL panicindex
which moves the calls out of line, putting more useful
code in each cache line. This matters especially in tight
loops, such as in Fannkuch. The benefit is more modest
elsewhere, but real.
From test/bench/go1, amd64:
benchmark old ns/op new ns/op delta
BenchmarkBinaryTree17 6096092000 6088808000 -0.12%
BenchmarkFannkuch11 6151404000 4020463000 -34.64%
BenchmarkGobDecode 28990050 28894630 -0.33%
BenchmarkGobEncode 12406310 12136730 -2.17%
BenchmarkGzip 179923 179903 -0.01%
BenchmarkGunzip 11219 11130 -0.79%
BenchmarkJSONEncode 86429350 86515900 +0.10%
BenchmarkJSONDecode 334593800 315728400 -5.64%
BenchmarkRevcomp25M 1219763000 1180767000 -3.20%
BenchmarkTemplate 492947600 483646800 -1.89%
And 386:
benchmark old ns/op new ns/op delta
BenchmarkBinaryTree17 6354902000 6243000000 -1.76%
BenchmarkFannkuch11 8043769000 7326965000 -8.91%
BenchmarkGobDecode 19010800 18941230 -0.37%
BenchmarkGobEncode 14077500 13792460 -2.02%
BenchmarkGzip 194087 193619 -0.24%
BenchmarkGunzip 12495 12457 -0.30%
BenchmarkJSONEncode 125636400 125451400 -0.15%
BenchmarkJSONDecode 696648600 685032800 -1.67%
BenchmarkRevcomp25M 2058088000 2052545000 -0.27%
BenchmarkTemplate 602140000 589876800 -2.04%
To implement this, two new instruction forms:
JLT target // same as always
JLT $0, target // branch expected not taken
JLT $1, target // branch expected taken
The linker could also emit the prediction prefixes, but it
does not: expected taken branches are reversed so that the
expected case is not taken (as in example above), and
the default expectaton for such a jump is not taken
already.
R=golang-dev, gri, r, dave
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6248049
Introduce a newsym() to cmd/lib.c to add a symbol but don't add
them to hash table.
Introduce a new bit flag SHIDDEN and bit mask SMASK to handle hidden
and/or local symbols in ELF symbol tables. Though we still need to order
the symbol table entries correctly.
Fix for issue 3261 comment #9.
For CL 5822049.
R=iant, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5823055
Some newer Linux distributions (Ubuntu ARM at least) use a new multiarch
directory organization, where dynamic linker is no longer in the hardcoded
path in our linker.
For example, Ubuntu 12.04 ARM hardfloat places its dynamic linker at
/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/ld-linux.so.3
Ref: http://lackof.org/taggart/hacking/multiarch/
Also, to support Debian GNU/kFreeBSD as a FreeBSD variant, we need this capability, so it's part of issue 3533.
This CL add a new pragma (#pragma dynlinker "path") to cc.
R=iant, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/6086043
dodata will convert to SNOPTRDATA if appropriate.
Should fix arm build (hope springs eternal).
TBR=golang-dev
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5687074
cc: add #pragma textflag to set it
runtime: mark mheap to go into noptr-bss.
remove special case in garbage collector
Remove the ARM from.flag field created by CL 5687044.
The DUPOK flag was already in p->reg, so keep using that.
Otherwise test/nilptr.go creates a very large binary.
Should fix the arm build.
Diagnosed by minux.ma; replacement for CL 5690044.
R=golang-dev, minux.ma, r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5686060
The garbage collector can avoid scanning this section, with
reduces collection time as well as the number of false positives.
Helps a little bit with issue 909, but certainly does not solve it.
R=ken2
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5671099
8g/cgen.c
print format type mismatch
8l/asm.c
resoff set and not used
gc/pgen.c
misleading comparison INT > 0x80000000
gc/reflect.c
dalgsym must be static to match forward declaration
gc/subr.c
assumed_equal set and not used
hashmem's second argument is not used
gc/walk.c
duplicated (unreachable) code
R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5651079
