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testing: explain using a _test package

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The existing documentation did not explain the difference between
placing a _test.go file in the same package as what is being
tested vs. adding it to a separate _test package. This explains the
distinction and adds an example.

Concept is explained well here:  https://stackoverflow.com/a/31443271

Fixes #25223

Change-Id: Iebaba15207d8aa24f0b370d8dd4062eadb504b5c
GitHub-Last-Rev: 7f49c5f462
GitHub-Pull-Request: golang/go#54160
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/420415
Reviewed-by: Bryan Mills <bcmills@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com>
Auto-Submit: Bryan Mills <bcmills@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Bryan Mills <bcmills@google.com>
This commit is contained in:
byarbrough 2022-08-27 23:02:31 +00:00 committed by Gopher Robot
parent c108a682ff
commit f3a1f9220a
1 changed files with 32 additions and 4 deletions
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36
src/testing/testing.go
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@ -14,12 +14,19 @@
// Within these functions, use the Error, Fail or related methods to signal failure.
//
// To write a new test suite, create a file whose name ends _test.go that
// contains the TestXxx functions as described here. Put the file in the same
// package as the one being tested. The file will be excluded from regular
// contains the TestXxx functions as described here.
// The file will be excluded from regular
// package builds but will be included when the "go test" command is run.
// For more detail, run "go help test" and "go help testflag".
//
// A simple test function looks like this:
// The test file can be in the same package as the one being tested,
// or in a corresponding package with the suffix "_test".
//
// If the test file is in the same package, it may refer to unexported
// identifiers within the package, as in this example:
//
// package abs
//
// import "testing"
//
// func TestAbs(t *testing.T) {
// got := Abs(-1)
@ -28,6 +35,27 @@
// }
// }
//
// If the file is in a separate "_test" package, the package being tested
// must be imported explicitly and only its exported identifiers may be used.
// This is known as "black box" testing.
//
// package abs_test
//
// import (
// "testing"
//
// "path_to_pkg/abs"
// )
//
// func TestAbs(t *testing.T) {
// got := abs.Abs(-1)
// if got != 1 {
// t.Errorf("Abs(-1) = %d; want 1", got)
// }
// }
//
// For more detail, run "go help test" and "go help testflag".
//
// # Benchmarks
//
// Functions of the form