diff --git a/src/go/build/deps_test.go b/src/go/build/deps_test.go
index 4867a5031ac..ccee5390864 100644
--- a/src/go/build/deps_test.go
+++ b/src/go/build/deps_test.go
@@ -165,7 +165,9 @@ var depsRules = `
 
 	os/signal, STR
 	< path/filepath
-	< io/ioutil, os/exec
+	< io/ioutil, os/exec;
+
+	io/ioutil, os/exec, os/signal
 	< OS;
 
 	reflect !< OS;
diff --git a/src/io/fs/readfile.go b/src/io/fs/readfile.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7ee9eadac4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/io/fs/readfile.go
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package fs
+
+import "io"
+
+// ReadFileFS is the interface implemented by a file system
+// that provides an optimized implementation of ReadFile.
+type ReadFileFS interface {
+	FS
+
+	// ReadFile reads the named file and returns its contents.
+	// A successful call returns a nil error, not io.EOF.
+	// (Because ReadFile reads the whole file, the expected EOF
+	// from the final Read is not treated as an error to be reported.)
+	ReadFile(name string) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
+// ReadFile reads the named file from the file system fs and returns its contents.
+// A successful call returns a nil error, not io.EOF.
+// (Because ReadFile reads the whole file, the expected EOF
+// from the final Read is not treated as an error to be reported.)
+//
+// If fs implements ReadFileFS, ReadFile calls fs.ReadFile.
+// Otherwise ReadFile calls fs.Open and uses Read and Close
+// on the returned file.
+func ReadFile(fsys FS, name string) ([]byte, error) {
+	if fsys, ok := fsys.(ReadFileFS); ok {
+		return fsys.ReadFile(name)
+	}
+
+	file, err := fsys.Open(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	var size int
+	if info, err := file.Stat(); err == nil {
+		size64 := info.Size()
+		if int64(int(size64)) == size64 {
+			size = int(size64)
+		}
+	}
+
+	data := make([]byte, 0, size+1)
+	for {
+		if len(data) >= cap(data) {
+			d := append(data[:cap(data)], 0)
+			data = d[:len(data)]
+		}
+		n, err := file.Read(data[len(data):cap(data)])
+		data = data[:len(data)+n]
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				err = nil
+			}
+			return data, err
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/io/fs/readfile_test.go b/src/io/fs/readfile_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0afa334acea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/io/fs/readfile_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package fs_test
+
+import (
+	. "io/fs"
+	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var testFsys = fstest.MapFS{
+	"hello.txt": {
+		Data:    []byte("hello, world"),
+		Mode:    0456,
+		ModTime: time.Now(),
+		Sys:     &sysValue,
+	},
+}
+
+var sysValue int
+
+type readFileOnly struct{ ReadFileFS }
+
+func (readFileOnly) Open(name string) (File, error) { return nil, ErrNotExist }
+
+type openOnly struct{ FS }
+
+func TestReadFile(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that ReadFile uses the method when present.
+	data, err := ReadFile(readFileOnly{testFsys}, "hello.txt")
+	if string(data) != "hello, world" || err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf(`ReadFile(readFileOnly, "hello.txt") = %q, %v, want %q, nil`, data, err, "hello, world")
+	}
+
+	// Test that ReadFile uses Open when the method is not present.
+	data, err = ReadFile(openOnly{testFsys}, "hello.txt")
+	if string(data) != "hello, world" || err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf(`ReadFile(openOnly, "hello.txt") = %q, %v, want %q, nil`, data, err, "hello, world")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/testing/fstest/mapfs.go b/src/testing/fstest/mapfs.go
index 84a943f4090..e969ac2bd14 100644
--- a/src/testing/fstest/mapfs.go
+++ b/src/testing/fstest/mapfs.go
@@ -108,6 +108,18 @@ func (fsys MapFS) Open(name string) (fs.File, error) {
 	return &mapDir{name, mapFileInfo{elem, file}, list, 0}, nil
 }
 
+// fsOnly is a wrapper that hides all but the fs.FS methods,
+// to avoid an infinite recursion when implementing special
+// methods in terms of helpers that would use them.
+// (In general, implementing these methods using the package fs helpers
+// is redundant and unnecessary, but having the methods may make
+// MapFS exercise more code paths when used in tests.)
+type fsOnly struct{ fs.FS }
+
+func (fsys MapFS) ReadFile(name string) ([]byte, error) {
+	return fs.ReadFile(fsOnly{fsys}, name)
+}
+
 // A mapFileInfo implements fs.FileInfo and fs.DirEntry for a given map file.
 type mapFileInfo struct {
 	name string
diff --git a/src/testing/fstest/testfs.go b/src/testing/fstest/testfs.go
index 2bb2120c195..66725ca2a43 100644
--- a/src/testing/fstest/testfs.go
+++ b/src/testing/fstest/testfs.go
@@ -310,6 +310,27 @@ func (t *fsTester) checkFile(file string) {
 	// The return value doesn't matter.
 	f.Close()
 
+	// Check that ReadFile works if present.
+	if fsys, ok := t.fsys.(fs.ReadFileFS); ok {
+		data2, err := fsys.ReadFile(file)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.errorf("%s: fsys.ReadFile: %v", file, err)
+			return
+		}
+		t.checkFileRead(file, "ReadAll vs fsys.ReadFile", data, data2)
+
+		t.checkBadPath(file, "ReadFile",
+			func(name string) error { _, err := fsys.ReadFile(name); return err })
+	}
+
+	// Check that fs.ReadFile works with t.fsys.
+	data2, err := fs.ReadFile(t.fsys, file)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.errorf("%s: fs.ReadFile: %v", file, err)
+		return
+	}
+	t.checkFileRead(file, "ReadAll vs fs.ReadFile", data, data2)
+
 	// Use iotest.TestReader to check small reads, Seek, ReadAt.
 	f, err = t.fsys.Open(file)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -329,8 +350,19 @@ func (t *fsTester) checkFileRead(file, desc string, data1, data2 []byte) {
 	}
 }
 
-// checkOpen checks that various invalid forms of file's name cannot be opened.
+// checkBadPath checks that various invalid forms of file's name cannot be opened using t.fsys.Open.
 func (t *fsTester) checkOpen(file string) {
+	t.checkBadPath(file, "Open", func(file string) error {
+		f, err := t.fsys.Open(file)
+		if err == nil {
+			f.Close()
+		}
+		return err
+	})
+}
+
+// checkBadPath checks that various invalid forms of file's name cannot be opened using open.
+func (t *fsTester) checkBadPath(file string, desc string, open func(string) error) {
 	bad := []string{
 		"/" + file,
 		file + "/.",
@@ -356,9 +388,8 @@ func (t *fsTester) checkOpen(file string) {
 	}
 
 	for _, b := range bad {
-		if f, err := t.fsys.Open(b); err == nil {
-			f.Close()
-			t.errorf("%s: Open(%s) succeeded, want error", file, b)
+		if err := open(b); err == nil {
+			t.errorf("%s: %s(%s) succeeded, want error", file, desc, b)
 		}
 	}
 }