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doc: describe platform-specific conventions in code.html
R=r, rsc, gri CC=golang-dev https://golang.org/cl/4257049
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See the <a href="/cmd/gotest/">gotest documentation</a> and the
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<a href="/pkg/testing/">testing package</a> for more detail.
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</p>
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<h2 id="arch_os_specific">Architecture- and operating system-specific code</h2>
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<p>First, a disclaimer: very few Go packages should need to know about the
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hardware and operating system they run on. In the vast majority of cases the
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language and standard library handle most portability issues. This section is
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a guide for experienced systems programmers who have a good reason to write
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platform-specific code, such as assembly-language support for fast
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trigonometric functions or code that implements a common interface above
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different operating systems.</p>
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<p>To compile such code, use the <code>$GOOS</code> and <code>$GOARCH</code>
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<a href="/doc/install.html#environment">environment variables</a> in your
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source file names and <code>Makefile</code>.</p>
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<p>For example, this <code>Makefile</code> describes a package that builds on
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different operating systems by parameterizing the file name with
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<code>$GOOS</code>.</p>
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<pre>
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include $(GOROOT)/src/Make.inc
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TARG=mypackage
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GOFILES=\
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my.go\
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my_$(GOOS).go\
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include $(GOROOT)/src/Make.pkg
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</pre>
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<p>The OS-specific code goes in <code>my_linux.go</code>,
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<code>my_darwin.go</code>, and so on.</p>
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<p>If you follow these conventional parameterizations, tools such as
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<a href="/cmd/goinstall/">goinstall</a> will work seamlessly with your package:
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</p>
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<pre>
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my_$(GOOS).go
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my_$(GOARCH).go
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my_$(GOOS)_$(GOARCH).go
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</pre>
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<p>The same holds for <code>.s</code> (assembly) and <code>.cgo</code> files.</p>
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