diff --git a/src/cmd/5g/Makefile b/src/cmd/5g/Makefile
index 6873fbc680..b47014a4e3 100644
--- a/src/cmd/5g/Makefile
+++ b/src/cmd/5g/Makefile
@@ -15,16 +15,17 @@ HFILES=\
 
 OFILES=\
 	../5l/enam.$O\
-	list.$O\
-	galign.$O\
-	gobj.$O\
-	ggen.$O\
-	gsubr.$O\
 	cgen.$O\
 	cgen64.$O\
 	cplx.$O\
-	reg.$O\
+	galign.$O\
+	ggen.$O\
+	gobj.$O\
+	gsubr.$O\
+	list.$O\
 	peep.$O\
+	pgen.$O\
+	reg.$O\
 
 LIB=\
 	../gc/gc.a\
diff --git a/src/cmd/5g/ggen.c b/src/cmd/5g/ggen.c
index 7197709d4d..0bc1b38fc4 100644
--- a/src/cmd/5g/ggen.c
+++ b/src/cmd/5g/ggen.c
@@ -7,107 +7,9 @@
 #include "gg.h"
 #include "opt.h"
 
-static Prog *pret;
-
 void
-compile(Node *fn)
+defframe(Prog *ptxt)
 {
-	Plist *pl;
-	Node nod1;
-	Prog *ptxt;
-	int32 lno;
-	Type *t;
-	Iter save;
-
-	if(newproc == N) {
-		newproc = sysfunc("newproc");
-		deferproc = sysfunc("deferproc");
-		deferreturn = sysfunc("deferreturn");
-		panicindex = sysfunc("panicindex");
-		panicslice = sysfunc("panicslice");
-		throwreturn = sysfunc("throwreturn");
-	}
-
-	if(fn->nbody == nil)
-		return;
-
-	// set up domain for labels
-	clearlabels();
-
-	lno = setlineno(fn);
-
-	curfn = fn;
-	dowidth(curfn->type);
-
-	if(curfn->type->outnamed) {
-		// add clearing of the output parameters
-		t = structfirst(&save, getoutarg(curfn->type));
-		while(t != T) {
-			if(t->nname != N)
-				curfn->nbody = concat(list1(nod(OAS, t->nname, N)), curfn->nbody);
-			t = structnext(&save);
-		}
-	}
-
-	hasdefer = 0;
-	walk(curfn);
-	if(nerrors != 0 || isblank(curfn->nname))
-		goto ret;
-
-	allocparams();
-
-	continpc = P;
-	breakpc = P;
-
-	pl = newplist();
-	pl->name = curfn->nname;
-	
-	setlineno(curfn);
-
-	nodconst(&nod1, types[TINT32], 0);
-	ptxt = gins(ATEXT, curfn->nname, &nod1);
-	afunclit(&ptxt->from);
-
-	ginit();
-	genlist(curfn->enter);
-	
-	pret = nil;
-	if(hasdefer || curfn->exit) {
-		Prog *p1;
-
-		p1 = gjmp(nil);
-		pret = gjmp(nil);
-		patch(p1, pc);
-	}
-
-	genlist(curfn->nbody);
-	gclean();
-	checklabels();
-	if(nerrors != 0)
-		goto ret;
-
-	if(curfn->type->outtuple != 0)
-		ginscall(throwreturn, 0);
-
-	if(pret)
-		patch(pret, pc);
-	ginit();
-	if(hasdefer)
-		ginscall(deferreturn, 0);
-	if(curfn->exit)
-		genlist(curfn->exit);
-	gclean();
-	if(nerrors != 0)
-		goto ret;
-	if(curfn->endlineno)
-		lineno = curfn->endlineno;
-	pc->as = ARET;	// overwrite AEND
-	pc->lineno = lineno;
-
-	if(!debug['N'] || debug['R'] || debug['P']) {
-		regopt(ptxt);
-	}
-
 	// fill in argument size
 	ptxt->to.type = D_CONST2;
 	ptxt->reg = 0; // flags
@@ -118,12 +20,6 @@ compile(Node *fn)
 		maxstksize = stksize;
 	ptxt->to.offset = rnd(maxstksize+maxarg, widthptr);
 	maxstksize = 0;
-
-	if(debug['f'])
-		frame(0);
-
-ret:
-	lineno = lno;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -197,7 +93,7 @@ ginscall(Node *f, int proc)
 			nodconst(&con, types[TINT32], 0);
 			p = gins(ACMP, &con, N);
 			p->reg = 0;
-			patch(gbranch(ABNE, T), pret);
+			patch(gbranch(ABNE, T), retpc);
 		}
 		break;
 	}
@@ -401,7 +297,7 @@ cgen_ret(Node *n)
 {
 	genlist(n->list);		// copy out args
 	if(hasdefer || curfn->exit)
-		gjmp(pret);
+		gjmp(retpc);
 	else
 		gins(ARET, N, N);
 }
diff --git a/src/cmd/6g/Makefile b/src/cmd/6g/Makefile
index 023f5d111b..64fa153990 100644
--- a/src/cmd/6g/Makefile
+++ b/src/cmd/6g/Makefile
@@ -14,16 +14,17 @@ HFILES=\
 	opt.h\
 
 OFILES=\
-	list.$O\
-	gobj.$O\
-	galign.$O\
-	ggen.$O\
+	../6l/enam.$O\
 	cgen.$O\
 	cplx.$O\
+	galign.$O\
+	ggen.$O\
+	gobj.$O\
 	gsubr.$O\
+	list.$O\
 	peep.$O\
+	pgen.$O\
 	reg.$O\
-	../6l/enam.$O\
 
 LIB=\
 	../gc/gc.a\
diff --git a/src/cmd/6g/ggen.c b/src/cmd/6g/ggen.c
index ce66b43f06..5260335df7 100644
--- a/src/cmd/6g/ggen.c
+++ b/src/cmd/6g/ggen.c
@@ -7,121 +7,18 @@
 #include "gg.h"
 #include "opt.h"
 
-static Prog *pret;
-
 void
-compile(Node *fn)
+defframe(Prog *ptxt)
 {
-	Plist *pl;
-	Node nod1;
-	Prog *ptxt;
-	int32 lno;
-	Type *t;
-	Iter save;
-
-	if(newproc == N) {
-		newproc = sysfunc("newproc");
-		deferproc = sysfunc("deferproc");
-		deferreturn = sysfunc("deferreturn");
-		panicindex = sysfunc("panicindex");
-		panicslice = sysfunc("panicslice");
-		throwreturn = sysfunc("throwreturn");
-	}
-
-	if(fn->nbody == nil)
-		return;
-
-	// set up domain for labels
-	clearlabels();
-
-	lno = setlineno(fn);
-
-	curfn = fn;
-	dowidth(curfn->type);
-
-	if(curfn->type->outnamed) {
-		// add clearing of the output parameters
-		t = structfirst(&save, getoutarg(curfn->type));
-		while(t != T) {
-			if(t->nname != N)
-				curfn->nbody = concat(list1(nod(OAS, t->nname, N)), curfn->nbody);
-			t = structnext(&save);
-		}
-	}
-
-	hasdefer = 0;
-	walk(curfn);
-	if(nerrors != 0 || isblank(curfn->nname))
-		goto ret;
-
-	allocparams();
-
-	continpc = P;
-	breakpc = P;
-
-	pl = newplist();
-	pl->name = curfn->nname;
-
-	setlineno(curfn);
-
-	nodconst(&nod1, types[TINT32], 0);
-	ptxt = gins(ATEXT, curfn->nname, &nod1);
-	afunclit(&ptxt->from);
-
-	ginit();
-	genlist(curfn->enter);
-
-	pret = nil;
-	if(hasdefer || curfn->exit) {
-		Prog *p1;
-
-		p1 = gjmp(nil);
-		pret = gjmp(nil);
-		patch(p1, pc);
-	}
-
-	genlist(curfn->nbody);
-	gclean();
-	checklabels();
-	if(nerrors != 0)
-		goto ret;
-	if(curfn->endlineno)
-		lineno = curfn->endlineno;
-
-	if(curfn->type->outtuple != 0)
-		ginscall(throwreturn, 0);
-
-	if(pret)
-		patch(pret, pc);
-	ginit();
-	if(hasdefer)
-		ginscall(deferreturn, 0);
-	if(curfn->exit)
-		genlist(curfn->exit);
-	gclean();
-	if(nerrors != 0)
-		goto ret;
-	pc->as = ARET;	// overwrite AEND
-	pc->lineno = lineno;
-
-	if(!debug['N'] || debug['R'] || debug['P']) {
-		regopt(ptxt);
-	}
-
 	// fill in argument size
 	ptxt->to.offset = rnd(curfn->type->argwid, widthptr);
 
 	// fill in final stack size
 	ptxt->to.offset <<= 32;
 	ptxt->to.offset |= rnd(stksize+maxarg, widthptr);
-
-	if(debug['f'])
-		frame(0);
-
-ret:
-	lineno = lno;
 }
 
+
 /*
  * generate:
  *	call f
@@ -163,7 +60,7 @@ ginscall(Node *f, int proc)
 		if(proc == 2) {
 			nodreg(&reg, types[TINT64], D_AX);
 			gins(ATESTQ, &reg, &reg);
-			patch(gbranch(AJNE, T), pret);
+			patch(gbranch(AJNE, T), retpc);
 		}
 		break;
 	}
@@ -355,7 +252,7 @@ cgen_ret(Node *n)
 {
 	genlist(n->list);		// copy out args
 	if(hasdefer || curfn->exit)
-		gjmp(pret);
+		gjmp(retpc);
 	else
 		gins(ARET, N, N);
 }
diff --git a/src/cmd/8g/Makefile b/src/cmd/8g/Makefile
index 09cf8d4e30..b459782a38 100644
--- a/src/cmd/8g/Makefile
+++ b/src/cmd/8g/Makefile
@@ -15,15 +15,16 @@ HFILES=\
 
 OFILES=\
 	../8l/enam.$O\
-	list.$O\
-	galign.$O\
-	gobj.$O\
-	ggen.$O\
-	gsubr.$O\
 	cgen.$O\
 	cgen64.$O\
 	cplx.$O\
+	galign.$O\
+	ggen.$O\
+	gobj.$O\
+	gsubr.$O\
+	list.$O\
 	peep.$O\
+	pgen.$O\
 	reg.$O\
 
 LIB=\
diff --git a/src/cmd/8g/ggen.c b/src/cmd/8g/ggen.c
index 2231525364..25adb38c0c 100644
--- a/src/cmd/8g/ggen.c
+++ b/src/cmd/8g/ggen.c
@@ -7,106 +7,9 @@
 #include "gg.h"
 #include "opt.h"
 
-static Prog *pret;
-
 void
-compile(Node *fn)
+defframe(Prog *ptxt)
 {
-	Plist *pl;
-	Node nod1;
-	Prog *ptxt;
-	int32 lno;
-	Type *t;
-	Iter save;
-
-	if(newproc == N) {
-		newproc = sysfunc("newproc");
-		deferproc = sysfunc("deferproc");
-		deferreturn = sysfunc("deferreturn");
-		panicindex = sysfunc("panicindex");
-		panicslice = sysfunc("panicslice");
-		throwreturn = sysfunc("throwreturn");
-	}
-
-	if(fn->nbody == nil)
-		return;
-
-	// set up domain for labels
-	clearlabels();
-
-	lno = setlineno(fn);
-
-	curfn = fn;
-	dowidth(curfn->type);
-
-	if(curfn->type->outnamed) {
-		// add clearing of the output parameters
-		t = structfirst(&save, getoutarg(curfn->type));
-		while(t != T) {
-			if(t->nname != N)
-				curfn->nbody = concat(list1(nod(OAS, t->nname, N)), curfn->nbody);
-			t = structnext(&save);
-		}
-	}
-
-	hasdefer = 0;
-	walk(curfn);
-	if(nerrors != 0 || isblank(curfn->nname))
-		goto ret;
-
-	allocparams();
-
-	continpc = P;
-	breakpc = P;
-
-	pl = newplist();
-	pl->name = curfn->nname;
-
-	setlineno(curfn);
-
-	nodconst(&nod1, types[TINT32], 0);
-	ptxt = gins(ATEXT, curfn->nname, &nod1);
-	afunclit(&ptxt->from);
-
-	ginit();
-	genlist(curfn->enter);
-
-	pret = nil;
-	if(hasdefer || curfn->exit) {
-		Prog *p1;
-
-		p1 = gjmp(nil);
-		pret = gjmp(nil);
-		patch(p1, pc);
-	}
-
-	genlist(curfn->nbody);
-	gclean();
-	checklabels();
-	if(nerrors != 0)
-		goto ret;
-	if(curfn->endlineno)
-		lineno = curfn->endlineno;
-
-	if(curfn->type->outtuple != 0)
-		ginscall(throwreturn, 0);
-
-	if(pret)
-		patch(pret, pc);
-	ginit();
-	if(hasdefer)
-		ginscall(deferreturn, 0);
-	if(curfn->exit)
-		genlist(curfn->exit);
-	gclean();
-	if(nerrors != 0)
-		goto ret;
-	pc->as = ARET;	// overwrite AEND
-	pc->lineno = lineno;
-
-	if(!debug['N'] || debug['R'] || debug['P']) {
-		regopt(ptxt);
-	}
 	// fill in argument size
 	ptxt->to.offset2 = rnd(curfn->type->argwid, widthptr);
 
@@ -115,12 +18,6 @@ compile(Node *fn)
 		maxstksize = stksize;
 	ptxt->to.offset = rnd(maxstksize+maxarg, widthptr);
 	maxstksize = 0;
-
-	if(debug['f'])
-		frame(0);
-
-ret:
-	lineno = lno;
 }
 
 void
@@ -200,7 +97,7 @@ ginscall(Node *f, int proc)
 		if(proc == 2) {
 			nodreg(&reg, types[TINT64], D_AX);
 			gins(ATESTL, &reg, &reg);
-			patch(gbranch(AJNE, T), pret);
+			patch(gbranch(AJNE, T), retpc);
 		}
 		break;
 	}
@@ -391,8 +288,8 @@ void
 cgen_ret(Node *n)
 {
 	genlist(n->list);		// copy out args
-	if(pret)
-		gjmp(pret);
+	if(retpc)
+		gjmp(retpc);
 	else
 		gins(ARET, N, N);
 }
diff --git a/src/cmd/gc/dcl.c b/src/cmd/gc/dcl.c
index 95013586b8..78c676346f 100644
--- a/src/cmd/gc/dcl.c
+++ b/src/cmd/gc/dcl.c
@@ -1251,9 +1251,6 @@ funccompile(Node *n, int isclosure)
 
 	if(curfn)
 		fatal("funccompile %S inside %S", n->nname->sym, curfn->nname->sym);
-	curfn = n;
-	typechecklist(n->nbody, Etop);
-	curfn = nil;
 
 	stksize = 0;
 	dclcontext = PAUTO;
diff --git a/src/cmd/gc/go.h b/src/cmd/gc/go.h
index f355e53c53..f5c0443f84 100644
--- a/src/cmd/gc/go.h
+++ b/src/cmd/gc/go.h
@@ -1213,6 +1213,7 @@ EXTERN	Prog*	continpc;
 EXTERN	Prog*	breakpc;
 EXTERN	Prog*	pc;
 EXTERN	Prog*	firstpc;
+EXTERN	Prog*	retpc;
 
 EXTERN	Node*	nodfp;
 
@@ -1226,6 +1227,7 @@ void	cgen_callinter(Node *n, Node *res, int proc);
 void	cgen_ret(Node *n);
 void	clearfat(Node *n);
 void	compile(Node*);
+void	defframe(Prog*);
 int	dgostringptr(Sym*, int off, char *str);
 int	dgostrlitptr(Sym*, int off, Strlit*);
 int	dstringptr(Sym *s, int off, char *str);
diff --git a/src/cmd/gc/init.c b/src/cmd/gc/init.c
index af4eb03360..8818db08c7 100644
--- a/src/cmd/gc/init.c
+++ b/src/cmd/gc/init.c
@@ -182,11 +182,14 @@ fninit(NodeList *n)
 	// (11)
 	a = nod(ORETURN, N, N);
 	r = list(r, a);
-
 	exportsym(fn->nname);
 
 	fn->nbody = r;
 	funcbody(fn);
+
+	curfn = fn;
 	typecheck(&fn, Etop);
+	typechecklist(r, Etop);
+	curfn = nil;
 	funccompile(fn, 0);
 }
diff --git a/src/cmd/gc/lex.c b/src/cmd/gc/lex.c
index 04dd0d5b95..5e2f73fc5a 100644
--- a/src/cmd/gc/lex.c
+++ b/src/cmd/gc/lex.c
@@ -235,13 +235,14 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	if(debug['f'])
 		frame(1);
 
-	// Process top-level declarations in three phases.
+	// Process top-level declarations in four phases.
 	// Phase 1: const, type, and names and types of funcs.
 	//   This will gather all the information about types
 	//   and methods but doesn't depend on any of it.
 	// Phase 2: Variable assignments.
 	//   To check interface assignments, depends on phase 1.
-	// Phase 3: Function bodies.
+	// Phase 3: Type check function bodies.
+	// Phase 4: Compile function bodies.
 	defercheckwidth();
 	for(l=xtop; l; l=l->next)
 		if(l->n->op != ODCL && l->n->op != OAS)
@@ -251,17 +252,28 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			typecheck(&l->n, Etop);
 	resumetypecopy();
 	resumecheckwidth();
+
+	for(l=xtop; l; l=l->next)
+		if(l->n->op == ODCLFUNC) {
+			curfn = l->n;
+			typechecklist(l->n->nbody, Etop);
+		}
+	curfn = nil;
+
 	for(l=xtop; l; l=l->next)
 		if(l->n->op == ODCLFUNC)
 			funccompile(l->n, 0);
+
 	if(nerrors == 0)
 		fninit(xtop);
+
 	while(closures) {
 		l = closures;
 		closures = nil;
 		for(; l; l=l->next)
 			funccompile(l->n, 1);
 	}
+
 	dclchecks();
 
 	if(nerrors)
diff --git a/src/cmd/gc/pgen.c b/src/cmd/gc/pgen.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9bd845dde4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cmd/gc/pgen.c
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+#undef	EXTERN
+#define	EXTERN
+#include "gg.h"
+#include "opt.h"
+
+void
+compile(Node *fn)
+{
+	Plist *pl;
+	Node nod1, *n;
+	Prog *ptxt;
+	int32 lno;
+	Type *t;
+	Iter save;
+
+	if(newproc == N) {
+		newproc = sysfunc("newproc");
+		deferproc = sysfunc("deferproc");
+		deferreturn = sysfunc("deferreturn");
+		panicindex = sysfunc("panicindex");
+		panicslice = sysfunc("panicslice");
+		throwreturn = sysfunc("throwreturn");
+	}
+
+	if(fn->nbody == nil)
+		return;
+
+	// set up domain for labels
+	clearlabels();
+
+	lno = setlineno(fn);
+
+	curfn = fn;
+	dowidth(curfn->type);
+
+	if(curfn->type->outnamed) {
+		// add clearing of the output parameters
+		t = structfirst(&save, getoutarg(curfn->type));
+		while(t != T) {
+			if(t->nname != N) {
+				n = nod(OAS, t->nname, N);
+				typecheck(&n, Etop);
+				curfn->nbody = concat(list1(n), curfn->nbody);
+			}
+			t = structnext(&save);
+		}
+	}
+
+	hasdefer = 0;
+	walk(curfn);
+	if(nerrors != 0 || isblank(curfn->nname))
+		goto ret;
+
+	allocparams();
+
+	continpc = P;
+	breakpc = P;
+
+	pl = newplist();
+	pl->name = curfn->nname;
+
+	setlineno(curfn);
+
+	nodconst(&nod1, types[TINT32], 0);
+	ptxt = gins(ATEXT, curfn->nname, &nod1);
+	afunclit(&ptxt->from);
+
+	ginit();
+	genlist(curfn->enter);
+
+	retpc = nil;
+	if(hasdefer || curfn->exit) {
+		Prog *p1;
+
+		p1 = gjmp(nil);
+		retpc = gjmp(nil);
+		patch(p1, pc);
+	}
+
+	genlist(curfn->nbody);
+	gclean();
+	checklabels();
+	if(nerrors != 0)
+		goto ret;
+	if(curfn->endlineno)
+		lineno = curfn->endlineno;
+
+	if(curfn->type->outtuple != 0)
+		ginscall(throwreturn, 0);
+
+	if(retpc)
+		patch(retpc, pc);
+	ginit();
+	if(hasdefer)
+		ginscall(deferreturn, 0);
+	if(curfn->exit)
+		genlist(curfn->exit);
+	gclean();
+	if(nerrors != 0)
+		goto ret;
+	pc->as = ARET;	// overwrite AEND
+	pc->lineno = lineno;
+
+	if(!debug['N'] || debug['R'] || debug['P']) {
+		regopt(ptxt);
+	}
+
+	defframe(ptxt);
+
+	if(debug['f'])
+		frame(0);
+
+ret:
+	lineno = lno;
+}
diff --git a/src/cmd/gc/subr.c b/src/cmd/gc/subr.c
index 326a5ba74a..4c0819cd86 100644
--- a/src/cmd/gc/subr.c
+++ b/src/cmd/gc/subr.c
@@ -3170,7 +3170,10 @@ genwrapper(Type *rcvr, Type *method, Sym *newnam, int iface)
 		dumplist("genwrapper body", fn->nbody);
 
 	funcbody(fn);
+	curfn = fn;
 	typecheck(&fn, Etop);
+	typechecklist(fn->nbody, Etop);
+	curfn = nil;
 	funccompile(fn, 0);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/gc/walk.c b/src/cmd/gc/walk.c
index 70dc407593..ccc65ff215 100644
--- a/src/cmd/gc/walk.c
+++ b/src/cmd/gc/walk.c
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ walk(Node *fn)
 	int lno;
 
 	curfn = fn;
+
 	if(debug['W']) {
 		snprint(s, sizeof(s), "\nbefore %S", curfn->nname->sym);
 		dumplist(s, curfn->nbody);
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ walk(Node *fn)
 	if(curfn->type->outtuple)
 		if(walkret(curfn->nbody))
 			yyerror("function ends without a return statement");
-	typechecklist(curfn->nbody, Etop);
+
 	lno = lineno;
 	for(l=fn->dcl; l; l=l->next) {
 		n = l->n;
@@ -468,8 +469,10 @@ walkstmt(Node **np)
 	case OPANIC:
 	case OEMPTY:
 	case ORECOVER:
-		if(n->typecheck == 0)
+		if(n->typecheck == 0) {
+			dump("missing typecheck:", n);
 			fatal("missing typecheck");
+		}
 		init = n->ninit;
 		n->ninit = nil;
 		walkexpr(&n, &init);