encoding/xml: fix reserved namespace check to be case-insensitive

Fixes the check for the reserved namespace prefix
"xml" to be case insensitive, so as to match all variants of:

    (('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l'))

as mandated by Section 2.3 of https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/

This is a roll forward of CL 203417, which was rolled back by CL 240179.
We've decided that the roll back was incorrect, and any broken tests
should be fixed.

The original CL 203417 was by Tamás Gulácsi.

Fixes #35151
For #39876

Change-Id: I2e6daa7aeb252531fba0b8a56086613e13059528
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/264024
Trust: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Damien Neil <dneil@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Emmanuel Odeke <emm.odeke@gmail.com>

doc/go1.16.html

@@ -302,6 +302,20 @@ Do not send CLs removing the interior tags from such phrases.
   </dd>
 </dl><!-- crypto/x509 -->
 
+<dl id="encoding/xml"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/">encoding/xml</a></dt>
+  <dd>
+    <p><!-- CL 264024 -->
+      The encoder has always taken care to avoid using namespace prefixes
+      beginning with <code>xml</code>, which are reserved by the XML
+      specification.
+      Now, following the specification more closely, that check is
+      case-insensitive, so that prefixes beginning
+      with <code>XML</code>, <code>XmL</code>, and so on are also
+      avoided.
+    </p>
+  </dd>
+</dl><!-- encoding/xml -->
+
 <dl id="net/http"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/">net/http</a></dt>
   <dd>
     <p><!-- CL 233637 -->

src/encoding/xml/marshal.go

@@ -345,8 +345,11 @@ func (p *printer) createAttrPrefix(url string) string {
 	if prefix == "" || !isName([]byte(prefix)) || strings.Contains(prefix, ":") {
 		prefix = "_"
 	}
-	if strings.HasPrefix(prefix, "xml") {
-		// xmlanything is reserved.
+	// xmlanything is reserved and any variant of it regardless of
+	// case should be matched, so:
+	//    (('X'|'x') ('M'|'m') ('L'|'l'))
+	// See Section 2.3 of https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/
+	if len(prefix) >= 3 && strings.EqualFold(prefix[:3], "xml") {
 		prefix = "_" + prefix
 	}
 	if p.attrNS[prefix] != "" {

src/encoding/xml/marshal_test.go

@@ -2283,6 +2283,30 @@ var encodeTokenTests = []struct {
 		}},
 	},
 	want: `<foo xmlns="space"><bar xmlns="space" xmlns:space="space" space:attr="value">`,
+}, {
+	desc: "reserved namespace prefix -- all lower case",
+	toks: []Token{
+		StartElement{Name{"", "foo"}, []Attr{
+			{Name{"http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlSchema-instance", "nil"}, "true"},
+		}},
+	},
+	want: `<foo xmlns:_xmlSchema-instance="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlSchema-instance" _xmlSchema-instance:nil="true">`,
+}, {
+	desc: "reserved namespace prefix -- all upper case",
+	toks: []Token{
+		StartElement{Name{"", "foo"}, []Attr{
+			{Name{"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance", "nil"}, "true"},
+		}},
+	},
+	want: `<foo xmlns:_XMLSchema-instance="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" _XMLSchema-instance:nil="true">`,
+}, {
+	desc: "reserved namespace prefix -- all mixed case",
+	toks: []Token{
+		StartElement{Name{"", "foo"}, []Attr{
+			{Name{"http://www.w3.org/2001/XmLSchema-instance", "nil"}, "true"},
+		}},
+	},
+	want: `<foo xmlns:_XmLSchema-instance="http://www.w3.org/2001/XmLSchema-instance" _XmLSchema-instance:nil="true">`,
 }}
 
 func TestEncodeToken(t *testing.T) {