maps,runtime: improve maps.Clone

name         old time/op    new time/op    delta
MapClone-10    65.8ms ± 7%    10.3ms ± 2%  -84.30%  (p=0.000 n=10+9)

name         old alloc/op   new alloc/op   delta
MapClone-10    40.2MB ± 0%    40.5MB ± 0%   +0.57%  (p=0.000 n=10+9)

name         old allocs/op  new allocs/op  delta
MapClone-10      20.0 ± 0%      23.0 ± 0%  +15.00%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

Updates #58740.

Change-Id: I148501e723cb2124f02045400e7ceb36af0871c8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/471400
Reviewed-by: Heschi Kreinick <heschi@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: xie cui <523516579@qq.com>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@google.com>

src/maps/maps.go

@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ func EqualFunc[M1 ~map[K]V1, M2 ~map[K]V2, K comparable, V1, V2 any](m1 M1, m2 M
 	return true
 }
 
+// clone is implemented in the runtime package.
+func clone(m any) any
+
 // Clone returns a copy of m.  This is a shallow clone:
 // the new keys and values are set using ordinary assignment.
 func Clone[M ~map[K]V, K comparable, V any](m M) M {
@@ -60,11 +63,7 @@ func Clone[M ~map[K]V, K comparable, V any](m M) M {
 	if m == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	r := make(M, len(m))
-	for k, v := range m {
-		r[k] = v
-	}
-	return r
+	return clone(m).(M)
 }
 
 // Copy copies all key/value pairs in src adding them to dst.

src/maps/maps.s

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// need this empty asm file to enable linkname.

src/maps/maps_test.go

@@ -179,3 +179,52 @@ func TestDeleteFunc(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("DeleteFunc result = %v, want %v", mc, want)
 	}
 }
+
+var n map[int]int
+
+func BenchmarkMapClone(b *testing.B) {
+	var m = make(map[int]int)
+	for i := 0; i < 1000000; i++ {
+		m[i] = i
+	}
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		n = Clone(m)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCloneWithDelete(t *testing.T) {
+	var m = make(map[int]int)
+	for i := 0; i < 32; i++ {
+		m[i] = i
+	}
+	for i := 8; i < 32; i++ {
+		delete(m, i)
+	}
+	m2 := Clone(m)
+	if len(m2) != 8 {
+		t.Errorf("len2(m2) = %d, want %d", len(m2), 8)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+		if m2[i] != m[i] {
+			t.Errorf("m2[%d] = %d, want %d", i, m2[i], m[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCloneWithMapAssign(t *testing.T) {
+	var m = make(map[int]int)
+	const N = 25
+	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
+		m[i] = i
+	}
+	m2 := Clone(m)
+	if len(m2) != N {
+		t.Errorf("len2(m2) = %d, want %d", len(m2), N)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
+		if m2[i] != m[i] {
+			t.Errorf("m2[%d] = %d, want %d", i, m2[i], m[i])
+		}
+	}
+}

src/runtime/map.go

@@ -1445,3 +1445,151 @@ var zeroVal [maxZero]byte
 // map init function to this symbol. Defined in assembly so as to avoid
 // complications with instrumentation (coverage, etc).
 func mapinitnoop()
+
+// mapclone for implementing maps.Clone
+//
+//go:linkname mapclone maps.clone
+func mapclone(m any) any {
+	e := efaceOf(&m)
+	e.data = unsafe.Pointer(mapclone2((*maptype)(unsafe.Pointer(e._type)), (*hmap)(e.data)))
+	return m
+}
+
+// moveToBmap moves a bucket from src to dst. It returns the destination bucket or new destination bucket if it overflows
+// and the pos that the next key/value will be written, if pos == bucketCnt means needs to written in overflow bucket.
+func moveToBmap(t *maptype, h *hmap, dst *bmap, pos int, src *bmap) (*bmap, int) {
+	for i := 0; i < bucketCnt; i++ {
+		if isEmpty(src.tophash[i]) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for ; pos < bucketCnt; pos++ {
+			if isEmpty(dst.tophash[pos]) {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		if pos == bucketCnt {
+			dst = h.newoverflow(t, dst)
+			pos = 0
+		}
+
+		srcK := add(unsafe.Pointer(src), dataOffset+uintptr(i)*uintptr(t.keysize))
+		srcEle := add(unsafe.Pointer(src), dataOffset+bucketCnt*uintptr(t.keysize)+uintptr(i)*uintptr(t.elemsize))
+		dstK := add(unsafe.Pointer(dst), dataOffset+uintptr(pos)*uintptr(t.keysize))
+		dstEle := add(unsafe.Pointer(dst), dataOffset+bucketCnt*uintptr(t.keysize)+uintptr(pos)*uintptr(t.elemsize))
+
+		dst.tophash[pos] = src.tophash[i]
+		if t.indirectkey() {
+			*(*unsafe.Pointer)(dstK) = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(srcK)
+		} else {
+			typedmemmove(t.key, dstK, srcK)
+		}
+		if t.indirectelem() {
+			*(*unsafe.Pointer)(dstEle) = *(*unsafe.Pointer)(srcEle)
+		} else {
+			typedmemmove(t.elem, dstEle, srcEle)
+		}
+		pos++
+		h.count++
+	}
+	return dst, pos
+}
+
+func mapclone2(t *maptype, src *hmap) *hmap {
+	dst := makemap(t, src.count, nil)
+	dst.hash0 = src.hash0
+	dst.nevacuate = 0
+	//flags do not need to be copied here, just like a new map has no flags.
+
+	if src.count == 0 {
+		return dst
+	}
+
+	if src.flags&hashWriting != 0 {
+		fatal("concurrent map clone and map write")
+	}
+
+	if src.B == 0 {
+		dst.buckets = newobject(t.bucket)
+		dst.count = src.count
+		typedmemmove(t.bucket, dst.buckets, src.buckets)
+		return dst
+	}
+
+	//src.B != 0
+	if dst.B == 0 {
+		dst.buckets = newobject(t.bucket)
+	}
+	dstArraySize := int(bucketShift(dst.B))
+	srcArraySize := int(bucketShift(src.B))
+	for i := 0; i < dstArraySize; i++ {
+		dstBmap := (*bmap)(add(dst.buckets, uintptr(i*int(t.bucketsize))))
+		pos := 0
+		for j := 0; j < srcArraySize; j += dstArraySize {
+			srcBmap := (*bmap)(add(src.buckets, uintptr((i+j)*int(t.bucketsize))))
+			for srcBmap != nil {
+				dstBmap, pos = moveToBmap(t, dst, dstBmap, pos, srcBmap)
+				srcBmap = srcBmap.overflow(t)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if src.oldbuckets == nil {
+		return dst
+	}
+
+	oldB := src.B
+	srcOldbuckets := src.oldbuckets
+	if !src.sameSizeGrow() {
+		oldB--
+	}
+	oldSrcArraySize := int(bucketShift(oldB))
+
+	for i := 0; i < oldSrcArraySize; i++ {
+		srcBmap := (*bmap)(add(srcOldbuckets, uintptr(i*int(t.bucketsize))))
+		if evacuated(srcBmap) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if oldB >= dst.B { // main bucket bits in dst is less than oldB bits in src
+			dstBmap := (*bmap)(add(dst.buckets, uintptr(i)&bucketMask(dst.B)))
+			for dstBmap.overflow(t) != nil {
+				dstBmap = dstBmap.overflow(t)
+			}
+			pos := 0
+			for srcBmap != nil {
+				dstBmap, pos = moveToBmap(t, dst, dstBmap, pos, srcBmap)
+				srcBmap = srcBmap.overflow(t)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for srcBmap != nil {
+			// move from oldBlucket to new bucket
+			for i := uintptr(0); i < bucketCnt; i++ {
+				if isEmpty(srcBmap.tophash[i]) {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if src.flags&hashWriting != 0 {
+					fatal("concurrent map clone and map write")
+				}
+
+				srcK := add(unsafe.Pointer(srcBmap), dataOffset+i*uintptr(t.keysize))
+				if t.indirectkey() {
+					srcK = *((*unsafe.Pointer)(srcK))
+				}
+
+				srcEle := add(unsafe.Pointer(srcBmap), dataOffset+bucketCnt*uintptr(t.keysize)+i*uintptr(t.elemsize))
+				if t.indirectelem() {
+					srcEle = *((*unsafe.Pointer)(srcEle))
+				}
+				dstEle := mapassign(t, dst, srcK)
+				typedmemmove(t.elem, dstEle, srcEle)
+			}
+			srcBmap = srcBmap.overflow(t)
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}