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doc: update Usage section of the FAQ

This is close to a complete rewrite, as the content was pretty old.

The CL includes links to the Wiki for information about companies
using Go, a new section about IDEs and editors¹, and a restatement
of the foreign function interface story. It also modernizes and
expands a little on the use of Go inside Google.

¹ Ed is the standard editor.

Change-Id: I5e54aafa53d00d86297b2691960a376b40f6225b
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/123922
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@golang.org>
This commit is contained in:
Rob Pike 2018-07-16 20:32:05 +10:00
parent c4f30481b3
commit b59b42cee8

View File

@ -210,11 +210,12 @@ easier to understand what happens when things combine.
<h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2>
<h3 id="Is_Google_using_go_internally"> Is Google using Go internally?</h3>
<h3 id="internal_usage">
Is Google using Go internally?</h3>
<p>
Yes. There are now several Go programs deployed in
production inside Google. A public example is the server behind
Yes. Go is used widely in production inside Google.
One easy example is the server behind
<a href="//golang.org">golang.org</a>.
It's just the <a href="/cmd/godoc"><code>godoc</code></a>
document server running in a production configuration on
@ -222,39 +223,109 @@ document server running in a production configuration on
</p>
<p>
Other examples include the <a href="//github.com/youtube/vitess/">Vitess</a>
system for large-scale SQL installations and Google's download server, <code>dl.google.com</code>,
A more significant instance is Google's download server, <code>dl.google.com</code>,
which delivers Chrome binaries and other large installables such as <code>apt-get</code>
packages.
</p>
<p>
Go is not the only language used at Google, far from it, but it is a key language
for a number of areas including
<a href="https://talks.golang.org/2013/go-sreops.slide">site reliability
engineering (SRE)</a>
and large-scale data processing.
</p>
<h3 id="external_usage">
What other companies use Go?</h3>
<p>
Go usage is growing worldwide, especially but by no means exclusively
in the cloud computing space.
A couple of major cloud infrastructure projects written in Go are
Docker and Kubernetes,
but there are many more.
</p>
<p>
It's not just cloud, though.
The Go Wiki includes a
<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/GoUsers">page</a>,
updated regularly, that lists some of the many companies using Go.
</p>
<p>
The Wiki also has a page with links to
<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/SuccessStories">success stories</a>
about companies and projects that are using the language.
</p>
<h3 id="Do_Go_programs_link_with_Cpp_programs">
Do Go programs link with C/C++ programs?</h3>
<p>
There are two Go compiler implementations, <code>gc</code>
and <code>gccgo</code>.
<code>Gc</code> uses a different calling convention and linker and can
therefore only be linked with C programs using the same convention.
There is such a C compiler but no C++ compiler.
<code>Gccgo</code> is a GCC front-end that can, with care, be linked with
GCC-compiled C or C++ programs.
It is possible to use C and Go together in the same address space,
but it is not a natural fit and can require special interface software.
Also, linking C with Go code gives up the memory
safety and stack management guarantees that Go provides.
Sometimes it's absolutely necessary to use C libraries to solve a problem,
but doing so always introduces an element of risk not present with
pure Go code, so do so with care.
</p>
<p>
The <a href="/cmd/cgo/">cgo</a> program provides the mechanism for a
&ldquo;foreign function interface&rdquo; to allow safe calling of
C libraries from Go code. SWIG extends this capability to C++ libraries.
If you do need to use C with Go, how to proceed depends on the Go
compiler implementation.
There are three Go compiler implementations supported by the
Go team.
These are <code>gc</code>, the default compiler,
<code>gccgo</code>, which uses the GCC back end,
and a somewhat less mature <code>gollvm</code>, which uses the LLVM infrastructure.
</p>
<p>
<code>Gc</code> uses a different calling convention and linker from C and
therefore cannot be called directly from C programs, or vice versa.
The <a href="/cmd/cgo/"><code>cgo</code></a> program provides the mechanism for a
&ldquo;foreign function interface&rdquo; to allow safe calling of
C libraries from Go code.
SWIG extends this capability to C++ libraries.
</p>
<h3 id="Does_Go_support_Google_protocol_buffers">
<p>
You can also use <code>cgo</code> and SWIG with <code>Gccgo</code> and <code>gollvm</code>.
Since they use a traditional API, it's also possible, with great care,
to link code from these compilers directly with GCC/LLVM-compiled C or C++ programs.
However, doing so safely requires an understanding of the calling conventions for
all languages concerned, as well as concern for stack limits when calling C or C++
from Go.
</p>
<h3 id="ide">
What IDEs does Go support?</h3>
<p>
The Go project does not include a custom IDE, but the language and
libraries have been designed to make it easy to analyze source code.
As a consequence, most well-known editors and IDEs support Go well,
either directly or through a plugin.
</p>
<p>
The list of well-known IDEs and editors that have good Go support
available includes Emacs, Vim, VSCode, Atom, Eclipse, Sublime, IntelliJ
(through a custom variant called Goland), and many more.
Chances are your favorite environment is a productive one for
programming in Go.
</p>
<h3 id="protocol_buffers">
Does Go support Google's protocol buffers?</h3>
<p>
A separate open source project provides the necessary compiler plugin and library.
It is available at
<a href="//github.com/golang/protobuf">github.com/golang/protobuf/</a>
<a href="//github.com/golang/protobuf">github.com/golang/protobuf/</a>.
</p>
@ -2037,7 +2108,7 @@ The <code>gccgo</code> compiler implements goroutines using
a technique called segmented stacks,
supported by recent modifications to the gold linker.
<code>Gollvm</code> similarly is built on the corresponding
LLVM infrastructure.
LLVM infrastructure.
</p>
<h3 id="Why_is_my_trivial_program_such_a_large_binary">