diff --git a/src/cmd/cgo/doc.go b/src/cmd/cgo/doc.go
index 1c5d4b060d..3d4789fafb 100644
--- a/src/cmd/cgo/doc.go
+++ b/src/cmd/cgo/doc.go
@@ -529,6 +529,9 @@ The following options are available when running cgo directly:
 		Write out input file in Go syntax replacing C package
 		names with real values. Used to generate files in the
 		syscall package when bootstrapping a new target.
+	-ldflags flags
+		Flags to pass to the C linker. The cmd/go tool uses
+		this to pass in the flags in the CGO_LDFLAGS variable.
 	-objdir directory
 		Put all generated files in directory.
 	-srcdir directory
diff --git a/src/cmd/cgo/main.go b/src/cmd/cgo/main.go
index a9095dee3d..a19743fe61 100644
--- a/src/cmd/cgo/main.go
+++ b/src/cmd/cgo/main.go
@@ -242,6 +242,8 @@ var objDir = flag.String("objdir", "", "object directory")
 var importPath = flag.String("importpath", "", "import path of package being built (for comments in generated files)")
 var exportHeader = flag.String("exportheader", "", "where to write export header if any exported functions")
 
+var ldflags = flag.String("ldflags", "", "flags to pass to C linker")
+
 var gccgo = flag.Bool("gccgo", false, "generate files for use with gccgo")
 var gccgoprefix = flag.String("gccgoprefix", "", "-fgo-prefix option used with gccgo")
 var gccgopkgpath = flag.String("gccgopkgpath", "", "-fgo-pkgpath option used with gccgo")
@@ -328,11 +330,11 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(2)
 	}
 
-	// Record CGO_LDFLAGS from the environment for external linking.
-	if ldflags := os.Getenv("CGO_LDFLAGS"); ldflags != "" {
-		args, err := splitQuoted(ldflags)
+	// Record linker flags for external linking.
+	if *ldflags != "" {
+		args, err := splitQuoted(*ldflags)
 		if err != nil {
-			fatalf("bad CGO_LDFLAGS: %q (%s)", ldflags, err)
+			fatalf("bad -ldflags option: %q (%s)", *ldflags, err)
 		}
 		p.addToFlag("LDFLAGS", args)
 	}
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/work/exec.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/work/exec.go
index a3d1533899..29cce25132 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/work/exec.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/work/exec.go
@@ -2812,7 +2812,10 @@ func (b *Builder) cgo(a *Action, cgoExe, objdir string, pcCFLAGS, pcLDFLAGS, cgo
 		cgoflags = append(cgoflags, "-import_syscall=false")
 	}
 
-	// Update $CGO_LDFLAGS with p.CgoLDFLAGS.
+	// cgoLDFLAGS, which includes p.CgoLDFLAGS, can be very long.
+	// Pass it to cgo on the command line, so that we use a
+	// response file if necessary.
+	//
 	// These flags are recorded in the generated _cgo_gotypes.go file
 	// using //go:cgo_ldflag directives, the compiler records them in the
 	// object file for the package, and then the Go linker passes them
@@ -2820,12 +2823,16 @@ func (b *Builder) cgo(a *Action, cgoExe, objdir string, pcCFLAGS, pcLDFLAGS, cgo
 	// consists of the original $CGO_LDFLAGS (unchecked) and all the
 	// flags put together from source code (checked).
 	cgoenv := b.cCompilerEnv()
+	var ldflagsOption []string
 	if len(cgoLDFLAGS) > 0 {
 		flags := make([]string, len(cgoLDFLAGS))
 		for i, f := range cgoLDFLAGS {
 			flags[i] = strconv.Quote(f)
 		}
-		cgoenv = append(cgoenv, "CGO_LDFLAGS="+strings.Join(flags, " "))
+		ldflagsOption = []string{"-ldflags=" + strings.Join(flags, " ")}
+
+		// Remove CGO_LDFLAGS from the environment.
+		cgoenv = append(cgoenv, "CGO_LDFLAGS=")
 	}
 
 	if cfg.BuildToolchainName == "gccgo" {
@@ -2863,7 +2870,7 @@ func (b *Builder) cgo(a *Action, cgoExe, objdir string, pcCFLAGS, pcLDFLAGS, cgo
 		cgoflags = append(cgoflags, "-trimpath", strings.Join(trimpath, ";"))
 	}
 
-	if err := sh.run(p.Dir, p.ImportPath, cgoenv, cfg.BuildToolexec, cgoExe, "-objdir", objdir, "-importpath", p.ImportPath, cgoflags, "--", cgoCPPFLAGS, cgoCFLAGS, cgofiles); err != nil {
+	if err := sh.run(p.Dir, p.ImportPath, cgoenv, cfg.BuildToolexec, cgoExe, "-objdir", objdir, "-importpath", p.ImportPath, cgoflags, ldflagsOption, "--", cgoCPPFLAGS, cgoCFLAGS, cgofiles); err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	outGo = append(outGo, gofiles...)
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/cgo_long_cmd.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/cgo_long_cmd.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36b9133715
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/cgo_long_cmd.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# Issue #66456
+
+[!cgo] skip
+[GOOS:windows] skip
+[GOOS:plan9] skip
+
+# Generate a file with a very long #cgo LDFLAGS line.
+# This used to cause "go build" to fail with "argument list too long".
+go generate
+
+# Build with the generated file.
+go build
+
+-- go.mod --
+module cgolongcmd
+
+go 1.22
+-- generate.go --
+//go:build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"bytes"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	buf.WriteString("package p\n")
+	buf.WriteString("// #cgo LDFLAGS:")
+	for i := range 10000 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&buf, " -Wl,-rpath,/nonexistentpath/%d", i)
+	}
+	buf.WriteString("\n")
+	buf.WriteString(`import "C"`+"\n")
+	if err := os.WriteFile("generated.go", buf.Bytes(), 0o644); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+-- gen.go --
+package p
+
+//go:generate go run generate.go