runtime: don't use trace.lock for trace reader parking

We're about to require that all uses of trace.lock be on the system
stack. That's mostly easy, except that it's involving parking the
trace reader. Fix this by changing that parking protocol so it instead
synchronizes through an atomic.

For #53979.

Change-Id: Icd6db8678dd01094029d7ad1c612029f571b4cbb
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/418955
Reviewed-by: Michael Knyszek <mknyszek@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael Pratt <mpratt@google.com>
Run-TryBot: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>

src/runtime/proc.go

@@ -2351,7 +2351,7 @@ func handoffp(pp *p) {
 		return
 	}
 	// if there's trace work to do, start it straight away
-	if (trace.enabled || trace.shutdown) && traceReaderAvailable() {
+	if (trace.enabled || trace.shutdown) && traceReaderAvailable() != nil {
 		startm(pp, false)
 		return
 	}

src/runtime/trace.go

@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ var trace struct {
 	empty         traceBufPtr // stack of empty buffers
 	fullHead      traceBufPtr // queue of full buffers
 	fullTail      traceBufPtr
-	reader        guintptr        // goroutine that called ReadTrace, or nil
 	stackTab      traceStackTable // maps stack traces to unique ids
 	// cpuLogRead accepts CPU profile samples from the signal handler where
 	// they're generated. It uses a two-word header to hold the IDs of the P and
@@ -144,6 +143,8 @@ var trace struct {
 	// specific P.
 	cpuLogBuf traceBufPtr
 
+	reader atomic.Pointer[g] // goroutine that called ReadTrace, or nil
+
 	signalLock  atomic.Uint32 // protects use of the following member, only usable in signal handlers
 	cpuLogWrite *profBuf      // copy of cpuLogRead for use in signal handlers, set without signalLock
 
@@ -397,7 +398,7 @@ func StopTrace() {
 	if trace.fullHead != 0 || trace.fullTail != 0 {
 		throw("trace: non-empty full trace buffer")
 	}
-	if trace.reading != 0 || trace.reader != 0 {
+	if trace.reading != 0 || trace.reader.Load() != nil {
 		throw("trace: reading after shutdown")
 	}
 	for trace.empty != 0 {
@@ -417,6 +418,7 @@ func StopTrace() {
 // returned data before calling ReadTrace again.
 // ReadTrace must be called from one goroutine at a time.
 func ReadTrace() []byte {
+top:
 	// This function may need to lock trace.lock recursively
 	// (goparkunlock -> traceGoPark -> traceEvent -> traceFlush).
 	// To allow this we use trace.lockOwner.
@@ -426,7 +428,7 @@ func ReadTrace() []byte {
 	lock(&trace.lock)
 	trace.lockOwner = getg()
 
-	if trace.reader != 0 {
+	if trace.reader.Load() != nil {
 		// More than one goroutine reads trace. This is bad.
 		// But we rather do not crash the program because of tracing,
 		// because tracing can be enabled at runtime on prod servers.
@@ -455,9 +457,31 @@ func ReadTrace() []byte {
 	}
 	// Wait for new data.
 	if trace.fullHead == 0 && !trace.shutdown {
-		trace.reader.set(getg())
-		goparkunlock(&trace.lock, waitReasonTraceReaderBlocked, traceEvGoBlock, 2)
-		lock(&trace.lock)
+		// We don't simply use a note because the scheduler
+		// executes this goroutine directly when it wakes up
+		// (also a note would consume an M).
+		unlock(&trace.lock)
+		gopark(func(gp *g, _ unsafe.Pointer) bool {
+			if !trace.reader.CompareAndSwapNoWB(nil, gp) {
+				// We're racing with another reader.
+				// Wake up and handle this case.
+				return false
+			}
+
+			if g2 := traceReader(); gp == g2 {
+				// New data arrived between unlocking
+				// and the CAS and we won the wake-up
+				// race, so wake up directly.
+				return false
+			} else if g2 != nil {
+				printlock()
+				println("runtime: got trace reader", g2, g2.goid)
+				throw("unexpected trace reader")
+			}
+
+			return true
+		}, nil, waitReasonTraceReaderBlocked, traceEvGoBlock, 2)
+		goto top
 	}
 
 newFull:
@@ -522,25 +546,28 @@ newFull:
 // traceReader returns the trace reader that should be woken up, if any.
 // Callers should first check that trace.enabled or trace.shutdown is set.
 func traceReader() *g {
-	if !traceReaderAvailable() {
+	// Optimistic check first
+	if traceReaderAvailable() == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 	lock(&trace.lock)
-	if !traceReaderAvailable() {
+	gp := traceReaderAvailable()
+	if gp == nil || !trace.reader.CompareAndSwapNoWB(gp, nil) {
 		unlock(&trace.lock)
 		return nil
 	}
-	gp := trace.reader.ptr()
-	trace.reader.set(nil)
 	unlock(&trace.lock)
 	return gp
 }
 
-// traceReaderAvailable returns true if the trace reader is not currently
+// traceReaderAvailable returns the trace reader if it is not currently
 // scheduled and should be. Callers should first check that trace.enabled
 // or trace.shutdown is set.
-func traceReaderAvailable() bool {
-	return trace.reader != 0 && (trace.fullHead != 0 || trace.shutdown)
+func traceReaderAvailable() *g {
+	if trace.fullHead != 0 || trace.shutdown {
+		return trace.reader.Load()
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // traceProcFree frees trace buffer associated with pp.