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build: update, streamline documentation for new $GOBIN

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README
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@ -14,33 +14,18 @@ under the BSD-style license found in the LICENSE file.
Binary Distribution Notes Binary Distribution Notes
If you have just untarred a binary Go distribution, then there are some If you have just untarred a binary Go distribution, you need to set
environment variables you'll need to set in your .profile (or equivalent): the environment variable $GOROOT to the full path of the go
directory (the one containing this README). You can omit the
variable if you unpack it into /usr/local/go, or if you rebuild
from sources by running all.bash (see doc/install.html).
You should also add the Go binary directory $GOROOT/bin
to your shell's path.
GOOS should be set to your operating system (eg, linux), For example, if you extracted the tar file into $HOME/go, you might
GOARCH should be your processor architecture (eg, amd64), put the following in your .profile:
GOROOT should be the directory you extracted the tarball to,
GOBIN should point to $GOROOT/bin.
For example, if you downloaded the tarball
go.release.YYYY-MM-DD.linux-amd64.tar.gz
and extracted it to
/home/username/go
you would set the following variables:
export GOOS=linux
export GOARCH=amd64
export GOROOT=/home/username/go
export GOBIN=$GOROOT/bin
See doc/install.html for more detail about these flags.
Additionally, $GOROOT should be in your $PATH:
export PATH=PATH:$GOROOT
export GOROOT=$HOME/go
export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin
See doc/install.html for more details.

344
doc/install.html
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
<!-- Installing Go --> <!-- Installing Go -->
<h2>Introduction</h2> <h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
<p>Go is an open source project, distributed under a <p>Go is an open source project, distributed under a
<a href="/LICENSE">BSD-style license</a>. <a href="/LICENSE">BSD-style license</a>.
@ -17,146 +17,6 @@ compiler using the GCC back end, see
<a href="gccgo_install.html">Setting up and using gccgo</a>. <a href="gccgo_install.html">Setting up and using gccgo</a>.
</p> </p>
<h2>Environment variables</h2>
<p>
The Go compilation environment can be customized by five environment variables.
None are required by the build, but you may wish to set them
to override the defaults.
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
<code>$GOROOT</code>
</dt>
<dd>
The root of the Go tree, often <code>$HOME/go</code>.
This defaults to the parent of the directory where <code>all.bash</code> is run.
Although this variable is optional, the examples and typescripts below
use it as shorthand for the location where you installed Go.
If you choose not to set <code>$GOROOT</code>, you must
run <code>gomake</code> instead of <code>make</code> or <code>gmake</code>
when developing Go programs using the conventional makefiles.
</dd>
<dt>
<code>$GOROOT_FINAL</code>
</dt>
<dd>
The value assumed by installed binaries and scripts when
<code>$GOROOT</code> is not set.
It defaults to the value used for <code>$GOROOT</code>.
If you want to build the Go tree in one location
but move it elsewhere after the build, set
<code>$GOROOT_FINAL</code> to the eventual location.
</dd>
<dt>
<code>$GOOS</code> and <code>$GOARCH</code>
</dt>
<dd>
The name of the target operating system and compilation architecture.
These default to the local system's operating system and
architecture.
<p>
Choices for <code>$GOOS</code> are <code>linux</code>,
<code>freebsd</code>,
<code>darwin</code> (Mac OS X 10.5 or 10.6),
and <code>nacl</code> (Native Client, an incomplete port).
Choices for <code>$GOARCH</code> are <code>amd64</code> (64-bit x86, the most mature port),
<code>386</code> (32-bit x86), and
<code>arm</code> (32-bit ARM, an incomplete port).
The valid combinations of <code>$GOOS</code> and <code>$GOARCH</code> are:
<p>
<table cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<th width="50"><th align="left" width="100"><code>$GOOS</code></th> <th align="left" width="100"><code>$GOARCH</code></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>darwin</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>darwin</code></td> <td><code>amd64</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>freebsd</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>freebsd</code></td> <td><code>amd64</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>linux</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>linux</code></td> <td><code>amd64</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>linux</code></td> <td><code>arm</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>nacl</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
</tr>
</table>
</dd>
<dt>
<code>$GOBIN</code>
</dt>
<dd>
The location where binaries will be installed.
The default is <code>$HOME/bin</code>.
After installing, you will want to arrange to add this
directory to your <code>$PATH</code>, so you can use the tools.
</dd>
<dt>
<code>$GOARM</code> (arm, default=6)
</dt>
<dd>
The ARM architecture version the runtime libraries should target.
ARMv6 cores have more efficient synchronization primitives. Setting
<code>$GOARM</code> to 5 will compile the runtime libraries using
just SWP instructions that work on older architectures as well.
Running v6 code on an older core will cause an illegal instruction trap.
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Note that <code>$GOARCH</code> and <code>$GOOS</code> identify the
<em>target</em> environment, not the environment you are running on.
In effect, you are always cross-compiling.
By architecture, we mean the kind of binaries
that the target environment can run:
an x86-64 system running a 32-bit-only operating system
must set <code>GOARCH</code> to <code>386</code>,
not <code>amd64</code>.
</p>
<p>
If you choose to override the defaults,
set these variables in your shell profile (<code>$HOME/.bashrc</code>,
<code>$HOME/.profile</code>, or equivalent). The settings might look
something like this:
</p>
<pre>
export GOROOT=$HOME/go
export GOARCH=amd64 # optional
export GOOS=linux # optional
</pre>
<p>
Double-check them by listing your environment. (You will need to launch
a new shell or terminal window for the changes to take effect.)
</p>
<pre>
$ env | grep '^GO'
</pre>
<h2>Ports</h2>
<p> <p>
The Go compilers support three instruction sets. The Go compilers support three instruction sets.
There are important differences in the quality of the compilers for the different There are important differences in the quality of the compilers for the different
@ -176,17 +36,16 @@ architectures.
<code>386</code> (a.k.a. <code>x86</code> or <code>x86-32</code>); <code>8g,8l,8c,8a</code> <code>386</code> (a.k.a. <code>x86</code> or <code>x86-32</code>); <code>8g,8l,8c,8a</code>
</dt> </dt>
<dd> <dd>
Comparable to the <code>amd64</code> port. Not as well soaked but Comparable to the <code>amd64</code> port.
should be nearly as solid.
</dd> </dd>
<dt> <dt>
<code>arm</code> (a.k.a. <code>ARM</code>); <code>5g,5l,5c,5a</code> <code>arm</code> (a.k.a. <code>ARM</code>); <code>5g,5l,5c,5a</code>
</dt> </dt>
<dd> <dd>
It's got a couple of outstanding bugs but is improving. Still a work in progress.
It only supports Linux binaries, floating point is weak, and the
optimizer is not enabled.
Tested against QEMU and an android phone. Tested against QEMU and an android phone.
Only supports Linux binaries.
</dd> </dd>
</dl> </dl>
@ -198,57 +57,54 @@ support for segmented stacks, and a strong goroutine implementation.
</p> </p>
<p> <p>
See the separate <a href="gccgo_install.html"><code>gccgo</code> document</a> The compilers can target the FreeBSD, Linux, Native Client,
for details about that compiler and environment. and OS X (a.k.a. Darwin) operating systems.
(A port to Microsoft Windows is in progress but incomplete.)
The full set of supported combinations is listed in the discussion of
<a href="#environment">environment variables</a> below.
</p> </p>
<h2>Install C tools, if needed</h2> <h2 id="ctools">Install C tools, if needed</h2>
<p>The Go tool chain is written in C. To build it, you need <p>The Go tool chain is written in C. To build it, you need
to have GCC, the standard C libraries, the parser generator Bison, to have GCC, the standard C libraries, the parser generator Bison,
<tt>make</tt>, <tt>awk</tt>, and the text editor <tt>ed</tt> installed. On OS X, they can be <tt>make</tt>, <tt>awk</tt>, and the text editor <tt>ed</tt> installed.
installed as part of
<a href="http://developer.apple.com/TOOLS/Xcode/">Xcode</a>. On Linux, use
</p> </p>
<pre> <p>On OS X, they can be
$ sudo apt-get install bison gcc libc6-dev ed gawk make installed as part of
</pre> <a href="http://developer.apple.com/TOOLS/Xcode/">Xcode</a>.
</p>
<p> <p>On Linux, use <code>sudo apt-get install bison ed gawk gcc libc6-dev make</code>
(or the equivalent on your Linux distribution). (or the equivalent on your Linux distribution).
</p> </p>
<h2>Fetch the repository</h2> <h2 id="fetch">Fetch the repository</h2>
<p> <p>
If you do not have Mercurial installed (you do not have an <code>hg</code> command), If you do not have Mercurial installed (you do not have an <code>hg</code> command),
this command: <code>sudo easy_install mercurial</code> works on most systems.
</p>
<pre>
$ sudo easy_install mercurial
</pre>
<p>works on most systems.
(On Ubuntu/Debian, you might try <code>apt-get install python-setuptools python-dev build-essential gcc</code> first.) (On Ubuntu/Debian, you might try <code>apt-get install python-setuptools python-dev build-essential gcc</code> first.)
If that fails, visit the <a href="http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/Download">Mercurial Download</a> page.</p> If that fails, visit the <a href="http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/Download">Mercurial Download</a> page.</p>
<p>Make sure the <code>$GOROOT</code> directory does not exist or is empty. <p>Go will install to a directory named <code>go</code>.
Change to the directory that will be its parent
and make sure the <code>go</code> directory does not exist.
Then check out the repository:</p> Then check out the repository:</p>
<pre> <pre>
$ hg clone -r release https://go.googlecode.com/hg/ $GOROOT $ hg clone -r release https://go.googlecode.com/hg/ go
</pre> </pre>
<h2>Install Go</h2> <h2 id="install">Install Go</h2>
<p> <p>
To build the Go distribution, run To build the Go distribution, run
</p> </p>
<pre> <pre>
$ cd $GOROOT/src $ cd go/src
$ ./all.bash $ ./all.bash
</pre> </pre>
@ -261,16 +117,22 @@ If all goes well, it will finish by printing output like:
N known bugs; 0 unexpected bugs N known bugs; 0 unexpected bugs
--- ---
Installed Go for darwin/amd64 in /Users/you/go; the compiler is 6g. Installed Go for linux/amd64 in /home/you/go.
Installed commands in /home/you/go/bin.
*** You need to add /home/you/go/bin to your $PATH. ***
The compiler is 6g.
</pre> </pre>
<p> <p>
where <var>N</var> is a number that varies from release to release where <var>N</var> is a number that varies from release to release
and the details on the last line will reflect the operating system, and the details on the last few lines will reflect the operating system,
architecture, and root directory used during the install. architecture, and root directory used during the install.
</p> </p>
<h2>Writing programs</h2> <p>For more information about ways to control the build,
see the discussion of <a href="#environment">environment variables</a> below.</p>
<h2 id="writing">Writing programs</h2>
<p> <p>
Given a file <code>file.go</code>, compile it using Given a file <code>file.go</code>, compile it using
@ -338,8 +200,8 @@ To build more complicated programs, you will probably
want to use a want to use a
<code>Makefile</code>. <code>Makefile</code>.
There are examples in places like There are examples in places like
<code>$GOROOT/src/cmd/godoc/Makefile</code> <code>go/src/cmd/godoc/Makefile</code>
and <code>$GOROOT/src/pkg/*/Makefile</code>. and <code>go/src/pkg/*/Makefile</code>.
The The
<a href="contribute.html">document</a> <a href="contribute.html">document</a>
about contributing to the Go project about contributing to the Go project
@ -347,20 +209,20 @@ gives more detail about
the process of building and testing Go programs. the process of building and testing Go programs.
</p> </p>
<h2>Keeping up with releases</h2> <h2 id="releases">Keeping up with releases</h2>
<p>New releases are announced on the <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/golang-nuts">Go Nuts</a> mailing list. <p>New releases are announced on the <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/golang-nuts">Go Nuts</a> mailing list.
To update an existing tree to the latest release, you can run: To update an existing tree to the latest release, you can run:
</p> </p>
<pre> <pre>
$ cd $GOROOT/src $ cd go/src
$ hg pull $ hg pull
$ hg update release $ hg update release
$ ./all.bash $ ./all.bash
</pre> </pre>
<h2>Community resources</h2> <h2 id="community">Community resources</h2>
<p> <p>
For real-time help, there may be users or developers on For real-time help, there may be users or developers on
@ -382,4 +244,132 @@ there is another mailing list, <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/golang-ch
that receives a message summarizing each checkin to the Go repository. that receives a message summarizing each checkin to the Go repository.
</p> </p>
<h2 id="environment">Environment variables</h2>
<p>
The Go compilation environment can be customized by five environment variables.
None are required by the build, but you may wish to set them
to override the defaults.
</p>
<dl>
<dt>
<code>$GOROOT</code>
</dt>
<dd>
The root of the Go tree, often <code>$HOME/go</code>.
This defaults to the parent of the directory where <code>all.bash</code> is run.
If you choose not to set <code>$GOROOT</code>, you must
run <code>gomake</code> instead of <code>make</code> or <code>gmake</code>
when developing Go programs using the conventional makefiles.
</dd>
<dt>
<code>$GOROOT_FINAL</code>
</dt>
<dd>
The value assumed by installed binaries and scripts when
<code>$GOROOT</code> is not set.
It defaults to the value used for <code>$GOROOT</code>.
If you want to build the Go tree in one location
but move it elsewhere after the build, set
<code>$GOROOT_FINAL</code> to the eventual location.
</dd>
<dt>
<code>$GOOS</code> and <code>$GOARCH</code>
</dt>
<dd>
The name of the target operating system and compilation architecture.
These default to the local system's operating system and
architecture.
<p>
Choices for <code>$GOOS</code> are <code>linux</code>,
<code>freebsd</code>,
<code>darwin</code> (Mac OS X 10.5 or 10.6),
and <code>nacl</code> (Native Client, an incomplete port).
Choices for <code>$GOARCH</code> are <code>amd64</code> (64-bit x86, the most mature port),
<code>386</code> (32-bit x86), and
<code>arm</code> (32-bit ARM, an incomplete port).
The valid combinations of <code>$GOOS</code> and <code>$GOARCH</code> are:
<p>
<table cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<th width="50"><th align="left" width="100"><code>$GOOS</code></th> <th align="left" width="100"><code>$GOARCH</code></th> <th align="left"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>darwin</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>darwin</code></td> <td><code>amd64</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>freebsd</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>freebsd</code></td> <td><code>amd64</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>linux</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>linux</code></td> <td><code>amd64</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>linux</code></td> <td><code>arm</code></td> <td><i>incomplete</i></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>nacl</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td><td><code>windows</code></td> <td><code>386</code></td> <td><i>incomplete</i></td>
</tr>
</table>
</dd>
<dt>
<code>$GOBIN</code>
</dt>
<dd>
The location where binaries will be installed.
The default is <code>$GOROOT/bin</code>.
After installing, you will want to arrange to add this
directory to your <code>$PATH</code>, so you can use the tools.
</dd>
<dt>
<code>$GOARM</code> (arm, default=6)
</dt>
<dd>
The ARM architecture version the runtime libraries should target.
ARMv6 cores have more efficient synchronization primitives. Setting
<code>$GOARM</code> to 5 will compile the runtime libraries using
just SWP instructions that work on older architectures as well.
Running v6 code on an older core will cause an illegal instruction trap.
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
Note that <code>$GOARCH</code> and <code>$GOOS</code> identify the
<em>target</em> environment, not the environment you are running on.
In effect, you are always cross-compiling.
By architecture, we mean the kind of binaries
that the target environment can run:
an x86-64 system running a 32-bit-only operating system
must set <code>GOARCH</code> to <code>386</code>,
not <code>amd64</code>.
</p>
<p>
If you choose to override the defaults,
set these variables in your shell profile (<code>$HOME/.bashrc</code>,
<code>$HOME/.profile</code>, or equivalent). The settings might look
something like this:
</p>
<pre>
export GOROOT=$HOME/go
export GOARCH=386
export GOOS=linux
</pre>