diff --git a/src/internal/pkgbits/decoder.go b/src/internal/pkgbits/decoder.go
index 76eb255fc21..ca66446dbab 100644
--- a/src/internal/pkgbits/decoder.go
+++ b/src/internal/pkgbits/decoder.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 // export data.
 type PkgDecoder struct {
 	// version is the file format version.
-	version uint32
+	version Version
 
 	// sync indicates whether the file uses sync markers.
 	sync bool
@@ -68,8 +68,6 @@ func (pr *PkgDecoder) SyncMarkers() bool { return pr.sync }
 // NewPkgDecoder returns a PkgDecoder initialized to read the Unified
 // IR export data from input. pkgPath is the package path for the
 // compilation unit that produced the export data.
-//
-// TODO(mdempsky): Remove pkgPath parameter; unneeded since CL 391014.
 func NewPkgDecoder(pkgPath, input string) PkgDecoder {
 	pr := PkgDecoder{
 		pkgPath: pkgPath,
@@ -80,14 +78,15 @@ func NewPkgDecoder(pkgPath, input string) PkgDecoder {
 
 	r := strings.NewReader(input)
 
-	assert(binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &pr.version) == nil)
+	var ver uint32
+	assert(binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &ver) == nil)
+	pr.version = Version(ver)
 
-	switch pr.version {
-	default:
-		panicf("unsupported version: %v", pr.version)
-	case 0:
-		// no flags
-	case 1:
+	if pr.version >= V2 { // TODO(taking): Switch to numVersions.
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("cannot decode %q, export data version %d is too new", pkgPath, pr.version))
+	}
+
+	if pr.version.Has(Flags) {
 		var flags uint32
 		assert(binary.Read(r, binary.LittleEndian, &flags) == nil)
 		pr.sync = flags&flagSyncMarkers != 0
@@ -513,3 +512,6 @@ func (pr *PkgDecoder) PeekObj(idx Index) (string, string, CodeObj) {
 
 	return path, name, tag
 }
+
+// Version reports the version of the bitstream.
+func (w *Decoder) Version() Version { return w.common.version }
diff --git a/src/internal/pkgbits/encoder.go b/src/internal/pkgbits/encoder.go
index e52bc850143..a1489c88d04 100644
--- a/src/internal/pkgbits/encoder.go
+++ b/src/internal/pkgbits/encoder.go
@@ -15,20 +15,15 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 )
 
-// currentVersion is the current version number.
-//
-//   - v0: initial prototype
-//
-//   - v1: adds the flags uint32 word
-//
-// TODO(mdempsky): For the next version bump:
-//   - remove the legacy "has init" bool from the public root
-//   - remove obj's "derived func instance" bool
-const currentVersion uint32 = 1
+// currentVersion is the current version number written.
+const currentVersion = V1
 
 // A PkgEncoder provides methods for encoding a package's Unified IR
 // export data.
 type PkgEncoder struct {
+	// version of the bitstream.
+	version Version
+
 	// elems holds the bitstream for previously encoded elements.
 	elems [numRelocs][]string
 
@@ -54,6 +49,8 @@ func (pw *PkgEncoder) SyncMarkers() bool { return pw.syncFrames >= 0 }
 // negative, then sync markers are omitted entirely.
 func NewPkgEncoder(syncFrames int) PkgEncoder {
 	return PkgEncoder{
+		// TODO(taking): Change NewPkgEncoder to take a version as an argument, and remove currentVersion.
+		version:    currentVersion,
 		stringsIdx: make(map[string]Index),
 		syncFrames: syncFrames,
 	}
@@ -69,7 +66,7 @@ func (pw *PkgEncoder) DumpTo(out0 io.Writer) (fingerprint [8]byte) {
 		assert(binary.Write(out, binary.LittleEndian, x) == nil)
 	}
 
-	writeUint32(currentVersion)
+	writeUint32(uint32(pw.version))
 
 	var flags uint32
 	if pw.SyncMarkers() {
@@ -392,3 +389,6 @@ func (w *Encoder) bigFloat(v *big.Float) {
 	b := v.Append(nil, 'p', -1)
 	w.String(string(b)) // TODO: More efficient encoding.
 }
+
+// Version reports the version of the bitstream.
+func (w *Encoder) Version() Version { return w.p.version }
diff --git a/src/internal/pkgbits/pkgbits_test.go b/src/internal/pkgbits/pkgbits_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5f93c7e8e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internal/pkgbits/pkgbits_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package pkgbits_test
+
+import (
+	"internal/pkgbits"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	pw := pkgbits.NewPkgEncoder(-1)
+	w := pw.NewEncoder(pkgbits.RelocMeta, pkgbits.SyncPublic)
+	w.Flush()
+
+	var b strings.Builder
+	_ = pw.DumpTo(&b)
+	input := b.String()
+
+	pr := pkgbits.NewPkgDecoder("package_id", input)
+	r := pr.NewDecoder(pkgbits.RelocMeta, pkgbits.PublicRootIdx, pkgbits.SyncPublic)
+
+	if r.Version() != w.Version() {
+		t.Errorf("Expected reader version %q to be the writer version %q", r.Version(), w.Version())
+	}
+}
+
+// Type checker to enforce that know V* have the constant values they must have.
+var _ [0]bool = [pkgbits.V0]bool{}
+var _ [1]bool = [pkgbits.V1]bool{}
+
+func TestVersions(t *testing.T) {
+	type vfpair struct {
+		v pkgbits.Version
+		f pkgbits.Field
+	}
+
+	// has field tests
+	for _, c := range []vfpair{
+		{pkgbits.V1, pkgbits.Flags},
+		{pkgbits.V2, pkgbits.Flags},
+		{pkgbits.V0, pkgbits.HasInit},
+		{pkgbits.V1, pkgbits.HasInit},
+		{pkgbits.V0, pkgbits.DerivedFuncInstance},
+		{pkgbits.V1, pkgbits.DerivedFuncInstance},
+		{pkgbits.V2, pkgbits.AliasTypeParamNames},
+	} {
+		if !c.v.Has(c.f) {
+			t.Errorf("Expected version %v to have field %v", c.v, c.f)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// does not have field tests
+	for _, c := range []vfpair{
+		{pkgbits.V0, pkgbits.Flags},
+		{pkgbits.V2, pkgbits.HasInit},
+		{pkgbits.V2, pkgbits.DerivedFuncInstance},
+		{pkgbits.V0, pkgbits.AliasTypeParamNames},
+		{pkgbits.V1, pkgbits.AliasTypeParamNames},
+	} {
+		if c.v.Has(c.f) {
+			t.Errorf("Expected version %v to not have field %v", c.v, c.f)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/internal/pkgbits/version.go b/src/internal/pkgbits/version.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe5901a9efa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internal/pkgbits/version.go
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package pkgbits
+
+// Version indicates a version of a unified IR bitstream.
+// Each Version indicates the addition, removal, or change of
+// new data in the bitstream.
+//
+// These are serialized to disk and the interpretation remains fixed.
+type Version uint32
+
+const (
+	// V0: initial prototype.
+	//
+	// All data that is not assigned a Field is in version V0
+	// and has not been deprecated.
+	V0 Version = iota
+
+	// V1: adds the Flags uint32 word
+	V1
+
+	// V2: removes unused legacy fields and supports type parameters for aliases.
+	// - remove the legacy "has init" bool from the public root
+	// - remove obj's "derived func instance" bool
+	// - add a TypeParamNames field to ObjAlias
+	V2
+
+	numVersions = iota
+)
+
+// Field denotes a unit of data in the serialized unified IR bitstream.
+// It is conceptually a like field in a structure.
+//
+// We only really need Fields when the data may or may not be present
+// in a stream based on the Version of the bitstream.
+//
+// Unlike much of pkgbits, Fields are not serialized and
+// can change values as needed.
+type Field int
+
+const (
+	// Flags in a uint32 in the header of a bitstream
+	// that is used to indicate whether optional features are enabled.
+	Flags Field = iota
+
+	// Deprecated: HasInit was a bool indicating whether a package
+	// has any init functions.
+	HasInit
+
+	// Deprecated: DerivedFuncInstance was a bool indicating
+	// whether an object was a function instance.
+	DerivedFuncInstance
+
+	// ObjAlias has a list of TypeParamNames.
+	AliasTypeParamNames
+
+	numFields = iota
+)
+
+// introduced is the version a field was added.
+var introduced = [numFields]Version{
+	Flags:               V1,
+	AliasTypeParamNames: V2,
+}
+
+// removed is the version a field was removed in or 0 for fields
+// that have not yet been deprecated.
+// (So removed[f]-1 is the last version it is included in.)
+var removed = [numFields]Version{
+	HasInit:             V2,
+	DerivedFuncInstance: V2,
+}
+
+// Has reports whether field f is present in a bitstream at version v.
+func (v Version) Has(f Field) bool {
+	return introduced[f] <= v && (v < removed[f] || removed[f] == V0)
+}