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https://github.com/golang/go
synced 2024-11-11 18:51:37 -07:00
- replaced 's in productions everywhere with "s (we were inconsistent in
some places) - removed extra []'s around switch decl/tag expression - not needed SVN=112117
This commit is contained in:
Robert Griesemer
parent
213702a3e6
commit
7acb294d58
171
doc/go_lang.txt
171
doc/go_lang.txt
@ -190,17 +190,18 @@ Here is a complete example Go program that implements a concurrent prime sieve:
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Notation
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----
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The syntax is specified using Extended
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Backus-Naur Form (EBNF). In particular:
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The syntax is specified using Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF).
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In particular:
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- '' encloses lexical symbols
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- | separates alternatives
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- "" encloses lexical symbols (\" is used to denote a " in a symbol)
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- | separates alternatives
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- () used for grouping
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- [] specifies option (0 or 1 times)
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- {} specifies repetition (0 to n times)
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A production may be referenced from various places in this document
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but is usually defined close to its first use. Code examples are indented.
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but is usually defined close to its first use. Productions and code
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examples are indented.
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Lower-case production names are used to identify productions that cannot
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be broken by white space or comments; they are usually tokens. Other
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@ -210,10 +211,10 @@ productions are in CamelCase.
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Common productions
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----
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IdentifierList = identifier { ',' identifier } .
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ExpressionList = Expression { ',' Expression } .
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IdentifierList = identifier { "," identifier } .
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ExpressionList = Expression { "," Expression } .
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QualifiedIdent = [ PackageName '.' ] identifier .
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QualifiedIdent = [ PackageName "." ] identifier .
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PackageName = identifier .
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@ -246,11 +247,11 @@ to refer to an arbitrary Unicode code point encoded in UTF-8.
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Digits and Letters
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----
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octal_digit = { '0' | '1' | '2' | '3' | '4' | '5' | '6' | '7' } .
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decimal_digit = { '0' | '1' | '2' | '3' | '4' | '5' | '6' | '7' | '8' | '9' } .
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hex_digit = { '0' | '1' | '2' | '3' | '4' | '5' | '6' | '7' | '8' | '9' | 'a' |
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'A' | 'b' | 'B' | 'c' | 'C' | 'd' | 'D' | 'e' | 'E' | 'f' | 'F' } .
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letter = 'A' | 'a' | ... 'Z' | 'z' | '_' .
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octal_digit = { "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" } .
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decimal_digit = { "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" } .
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hex_digit = { "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" | "a" |
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"A" | "b" | "B" | "c" | "C" | "d" | "D" | "e" | "E" | "f" | "F" } .
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letter = "A" | "a" | ... "Z" | "z" | "_" .
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For simplicity, letters and digits are ASCII. We may in time allow
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Unicode identifiers.
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@ -337,13 +338,13 @@ variable or constant.
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Floating point literals also represent an abstract, ideal floating
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point value that is constrained only upon assignment.
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int_lit = [ '+' | '-' ] unsigned_int_lit .
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int_lit = [ "+" | "-" ] unsigned_int_lit .
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unsigned_int_lit = decimal_int_lit | octal_int_lit | hex_int_lit .
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decimal_int_lit = ( '1' | '2' | '3' | '4' | '5' | '6' | '7' | '8' | '9' )
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decimal_int_lit = ( "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" )
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{ decimal_digit } .
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octal_int_lit = '0' { octal_digit } .
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hex_int_lit = '0' ( 'x' | 'X' ) hex_digit { hex_digit } .
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float_lit = [ '+' | '-' ] unsigned_float_lit .
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octal_int_lit = "0" { octal_digit } .
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hex_int_lit = "0" ( "x" | "X" ) hex_digit { hex_digit } .
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float_lit = [ "+" | "-" ] unsigned_float_lit .
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unsigned_float_lit = "the usual decimal-only floating point representation".
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07
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@ -389,15 +390,15 @@ Character and string literals are similar to C except:
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The rules are:
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char_lit = '\'' ( unicode_value | byte_value ) '\'' .
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char_lit = "'" ( unicode_value | byte_value ) "'" .
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unicode_value = utf8_char | little_u_value | big_u_value | escaped_char .
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byte_value = octal_byte_value | hex_byte_value .
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octal_byte_value = '\' octal_digit octal_digit octal_digit .
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hex_byte_value = '\' 'x' hex_digit hex_digit .
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little_u_value = '\' 'u' hex_digit hex_digit hex_digit hex_digit .
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big_u_value = '\' 'U' hex_digit hex_digit hex_digit hex_digit
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octal_byte_value = "\" octal_digit octal_digit octal_digit .
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hex_byte_value = "\" "x" hex_digit hex_digit .
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little_u_value = "\" "u" hex_digit hex_digit hex_digit hex_digit .
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big_u_value = "\" "U" hex_digit hex_digit hex_digit hex_digit
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hex_digit hex_digit hex_digit hex_digit .
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escaped_char = '\' ( 'a' | 'b' | 'f' | 'n' | 'r' | 't' | 'v' ) .
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escaped_char = "\" ( "a" | "b" | "f" | "n" | "r" | "t" | "v" ) .
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A UnicodeValue takes one of four forms:
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@ -444,8 +445,8 @@ Double-quoted strings have the usual properties; back-quoted strings
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do not interpret backslashes at all.
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string_lit = raw_string_lit | interpreted_string_lit .
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raw_string_lit = '`' { utf8_char } '`' .
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interpreted_string_lit = '"' { unicode_value | byte_value } '"' .
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raw_string_lit = "`" { utf8_char } "`" .
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interpreted_string_lit = "\"" { unicode_value | byte_value } "\"" .
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A string literal has type 'string'. Its value is constructed by
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taking the byte values formed by the successive elements of the
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@ -532,7 +533,7 @@ Any array may be assigned to an open array variable with the
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same element type. Typically, open arrays are used as
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formal parameters for functions.
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ArrayType = '[' [ ArrayLength ] ']' ElementType .
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ArrayType = "[" [ ArrayLength ] "]" ElementType .
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ArrayLength = Expression .
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ElementType = Type .
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@ -553,7 +554,7 @@ Array literals
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Array literals represent array constants. All the contained expressions must
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be of the same type, which is the element type of the resulting array.
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ArrayLit = '[' ExpressionList ']' .
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ArrayLit = "[" ExpressionList "]" .
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[ 1, 2, 3 ]
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[ "x", "y" ]
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@ -569,9 +570,9 @@ Upon creation, a map is empty and values may be added and removed
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during execution. The number of entries in a map is called its length.
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A map whose value type is 'any' can store values of all types.
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MapType = 'map' '[' KeyType ']' ValueType .
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MapType = "map" "[" KeyType "]" ValueType .
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KeyType = Type .
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ValueType = Type | 'any' .
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ValueType = Type | "any" .
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map [string] int
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map [struct { pid int; name string }] *chan Buffer
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@ -585,9 +586,9 @@ Map literals represent map constants. They comprise a list of (key, value)
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pairs. All keys must have the same type; all values must have the same type.
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These types define the key and value types for the map.
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MapLit = '[' KeyValueList ']' .
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KeyValueList = KeyValue { ',' KeyValue } .
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KeyValue = Expression ':' Expression .
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MapLit = "[" KeyValueList "]" .
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KeyValueList = KeyValue { "," KeyValue } .
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KeyValue = Expression ":" Expression .
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[ "one" : 1, "two" : 2 ]
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[ 2: true, 3: true, 5: true, 7: true ]
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@ -601,8 +602,8 @@ Struct types are similar to C structs.
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Each field of a struct represents a variable within the data
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structure.
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StructType = 'struct' '{' [ FieldDeclList [ ';' ] ] '}' .
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FieldDeclList = FieldDecl { ';' FieldDeclList } .
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StructType = "struct" "{" [ FieldDeclList [ ";" ] ] "}" .
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FieldDeclList = FieldDecl { ";" FieldDeclList } .
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FieldDecl = IdentifierList Type .
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// An empty struct.
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@ -624,7 +625,7 @@ Struct literals represent struct constants. They comprise a list of
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expressions that represent the individual fields of a struct. The
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individual expressions must match those of the specified struct type.
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StructLit = TypeName '(' [ ExpressionList ] ')' .
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StructLit = TypeName "(" [ ExpressionList ] ")" .
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The type name must be that of a defined struct type.
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@ -637,7 +638,7 @@ Pointer types
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Pointer types are similar to those in C.
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PointerType = '*' Type.
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PointerType = "*" Type.
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We do not allow pointer arithmetic of any kind.
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@ -659,7 +660,7 @@ Upon creation, a channel can be used both to send and to receive; it
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may be restricted only to send or to receive; such a restricted channel
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is called a 'send channel' or a 'receive channel'.
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ChannelType = 'chan' [ '<' | '>' ] ValueType .
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ChannelType = "chan" [ "<" | ">" ] ValueType .
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chan any // a generic channel
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chan int // a channel that can exchange only ints
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@ -681,13 +682,13 @@ A method is a function with a receiver, which is of type pointer to struct.
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Functions can return multiple values simultaneously.
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FunctionType = 'func' AnonymousSignature .
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AnonymousSignature = [ Receiver '.' ] Parameters [ Result ] .
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Receiver = '(' identifier Type ')' .
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Parameters = '(' [ ParameterList ] ')' .
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ParameterList = ParameterSection { ',' ParameterSection } .
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FunctionType = "func" AnonymousSignature .
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AnonymousSignature = [ Receiver "." ] Parameters [ Result ] .
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Receiver = "(" identifier Type ")" .
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Parameters = "(" [ ParameterList ] ")" .
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ParameterList = ParameterSection { "," ParameterSection } .
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ParameterSection = [ IdentifierList ] Type .
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Result = Type | '(' ParameterList ')' .
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Result = Type | "(" ParameterList ")" .
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// Function types
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func ()
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@ -713,7 +714,7 @@ Function Literals
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Function literals represent anonymous functions.
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FunctionLit = FunctionType Block .
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Block = '{' [ StatementList [ ';' ] ] '}' .
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Block = "{" [ StatementList [ ";" ] ] "}" .
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The scope of an identifier declared within a block extends
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from the declaration of the identifier (that is, the position
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@ -773,8 +774,8 @@ Interface types
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An interface type denotes a set of methods.
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InterfaceType = 'interface' '{' [ MethodDeclList [ ';' ] ] '}' .
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MethodDeclList = MethodDecl { ';' MethodDecl } .
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InterfaceType = "interface" "{" [ MethodDeclList [ ";" ] ] "}" .
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MethodDeclList = MethodDecl { ";" MethodDecl } .
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MethodDecl = identifier Parameters [ Result ] .
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// A basic file interface.
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@ -839,9 +840,9 @@ Const declarations
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A constant declaration gives a name to the value of a constant expression.
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ConstDecl = 'const' ( ConstSpec | '(' ConstSpecList [ ';' ] ')' ).
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ConstSpec = identifier [ Type ] '=' Expression .
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ConstSpecList = ConstSpec { ';' ConstSpec }.
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ConstDecl = "const" ( ConstSpec | "(" ConstSpecList [ ";" ] ")" ).
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ConstSpec = identifier [ Type ] "=" Expression .
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ConstSpecList = ConstSpec { ";" ConstSpec }.
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const pi float = 3.14159265
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const e = 2.718281828
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@ -858,9 +859,9 @@ A type declaration introduces a name as a shorthand for a type.
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In certain situations, such as conversions, it may be necessary to
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use such a type name.
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TypeDecl = 'type' ( TypeSpec | '(' TypeSpecList [ ';' ] ')' ).
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TypeDecl = "type" ( TypeSpec | "(" TypeSpecList [ ";" ] ")" ).
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TypeSpec = identifier Type .
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TypeSpecList = TypeSpec { ';' TypeSpec }.
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TypeSpecList = TypeSpec { ";" TypeSpec }.
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type IntArray [16] int
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@ -877,9 +878,9 @@ A variable declaration creates a variable and gives it a type and a name.
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It may optionally give the variable an initial value; in some forms of
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declaration the type of the initial value defines the type of the variable.
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VarDecl = 'var' ( VarSpec | '(' VarSpecList [ ';' ] ')' ) | SimpleVarDecl .
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VarSpec = IdentifierList ( Type [ '=' ExpressionList ] | '=' ExpressionList ) .
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VarSpecList = VarSpec { ';' VarSpec } .
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VarDecl = "var" ( VarSpec | "(" VarSpecList [ ";" ] ")" ) | SimpleVarDecl .
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VarSpec = IdentifierList ( Type [ "=" ExpressionList ] | "=" ExpressionList ) .
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VarSpecList = VarSpec { ";" VarSpec } .
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var i int
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var u, v, w float
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@ -895,7 +896,7 @@ as there are variables in the variable specification.
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The syntax
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SimpleVarDecl = identifier ':=' Expression .
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SimpleVarDecl = identifier ":=" Expression .
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is shorthand for
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@ -917,7 +918,7 @@ different from the type syntax because an identifier must be present
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in the signature. For now, functions and methods can only be declared
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at the global level.
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FunctionDecl = 'func' NamedSignature ( ';' | Block ) .
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FunctionDecl = "func" NamedSignature ( ";" | Block ) .
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NamedSignature = [ Receiver ] identifier Parameters [ Result ] .
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func min(x int, y int) int {
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@ -972,7 +973,7 @@ source than the export directive itself, but it is an error to specify
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an identifier not declared anywhere in the source file containing the
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export directive.
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ExportDecl = 'export' ExportIdentifier { ',' ExportIdentifier } .
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ExportDecl = "export" ExportIdentifier { "," ExportIdentifier } .
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ExportIdentifier = QualifiedIdent .
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export sin, cos
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@ -991,20 +992,20 @@ Expression syntax is based on that of C but with fewer precedence levels.
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UnaryExpr = unary_op Expression .
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PrimaryExpr =
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identifier | Literal | '(' Expression ')' | 'iota' |
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identifier | Literal | "(" Expression ")" | "iota" |
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Call | Conversion |
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Expression '[' Expression [ ':' Expression ] ']' | Expression '.' identifier .
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Expression "[" Expression [ ":" Expression ] "]" | Expression "." identifier .
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Call = Expression '(' [ ExpressionList ] ')' .
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Conversion = TypeName '(' [ ExpressionList ] ')' .
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Call = Expression "(" [ ExpressionList ] ")" .
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Conversion = TypeName "(" [ ExpressionList ] ")" .
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binary_op = log_op | rel_op | add_op | mul_op .
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log_op = '||' | '&&' .
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rel_op = '==' | '!=' | '<' | '<=' | '>' | '>='.
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add_op = '+' | '-' | '|' | '^'.
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mul_op = '*' | '/' | '%' | '<<' | '>>' | '&'.
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log_op = "||" | "&&" .
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rel_op = "==" | "!=" | "<" | "<=" | ">" | ">=".
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add_op = "+" | "-" | "|" | "^".
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mul_op = "*" | "/" | "%" | "<<" | ">>" | "&".
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unary_op = '+' | '-' | '!' | '^' | '<' | '>' | '*' | '&' .
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unary_op = "+" | "-" | "!" | "^" | "<" | ">" | "*" | "&" .
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Field selection ('.') binds tightest, followed by indexing ('[]') and then calls and conversions.
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The remaining precedence levels are as follows (in increasing precedence order):
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@ -1132,7 +1133,7 @@ Expression statements
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IncDec statements
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----
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IncDecStat = Expression ( '++' | '--' ) .
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IncDecStat = Expression ( "++" | "--" ) .
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a[i]++
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@ -1146,9 +1147,9 @@ Assignments
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SingleAssignment = PrimaryExpr assign_op Expression .
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TupleAssignment = PrimaryExprList assign_op ExpressionList .
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PrimaryExprList = PrimaryExpr { "," PrimaryExpr } .
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Send = '>' Expression '=' Expression .
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Send = ">" Expression "=" Expression .
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assign_op = [ add_op | mul_op ] '=' .
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assign_op = [ add_op | mul_op ] "=" .
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The left-hand side must be an l-value such as a variable, pointer indirection,
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or an array indexing.
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@ -1207,7 +1208,7 @@ concurrent thread of control within the same address space. Unlike
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with a function, the next line of the program does not wait for the
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function to complete.
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GoStat = 'go' Call .
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GoStat = "go" Call .
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go Server()
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@ -1220,7 +1221,7 @@ Return statements
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A return statement terminates execution of the containing function
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and optionally provides a result value or values to the caller.
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ReturnStat = 'return' [ ExpressionList ] .
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ReturnStat = "return" [ ExpressionList ] .
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There are two ways to return values from a function. The first is to
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@ -1259,7 +1260,7 @@ If statements have the traditional form except that the
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condition need not be parenthesized and the "then" statement
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must be in brace brackets.
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IfStat = 'if' [ SimpleVarDecl ';' ] Expression Block [ 'else' Statement ] .
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IfStat = "if" [ SimpleVarDecl ";" ] Expression Block [ "else" Statement ] .
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if x > 0 {
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return true;
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@ -1283,10 +1284,10 @@ Switch statements
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Switches provide multi-way execution.
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SwitchStat = 'switch' [ [ SimpleVarDecl ';' ] [ Expression ] ] '{' { CaseClause } '}' .
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CaseClause = CaseList StatementList [ ';' ] [ 'fallthrough' [ ';' ] ] .
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SwitchStat = "switch" [ SimpleVarDecl ";" ] [ "Expression ] "{" { CaseClause } "}" .
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CaseClause = CaseList StatementList [ ";" ] [ "fallthrough" [ ";" ] ] .
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CaseList = Case { Case } .
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Case = ( 'case' ExpressionList | 'default' ) ':' .
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Case = ( "case" ExpressionList | "default" ) ":" .
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There can be at most one default case in a switch statement.
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@ -1337,8 +1338,8 @@ For statements
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For statements are a combination of the 'for' and 'while' loops of C.
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ForStat = 'for' [ Condition | ForClause ] Block .
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ForClause = [ InitStat ] ';' [ Condition ] ';' [ PostStat ] .
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ForStat = "for" [ Condition | ForClause ] Block .
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ForClause = [ InitStat ] ";" [ Condition ] ";" [ PostStat ] .
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InitStat = SimpleStat .
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Condition = Expression .
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@ -1372,7 +1373,7 @@ Range statements
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Range statements are a special control structure for iterating over
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the contents of arrays and maps.
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RangeStat = 'range' IdentifierList ':=' RangeExpression Block .
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RangeStat = "range" IdentifierList ":=" RangeExpression Block .
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RangeExpression = Expression .
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||||
|
||||
A range expression must evaluate to an array, map or string. The identifier list must contain
|
||||
@ -1399,7 +1400,7 @@ Break statements
|
||||
Within a 'for' or 'switch' statement, a 'break' statement terminates execution of
|
||||
the innermost 'for' or 'switch' statement.
|
||||
|
||||
BreakStat = 'break' [ identifier ].
|
||||
BreakStat = "break" [ identifier ].
|
||||
|
||||
If there is an identifier, it must be the label name of an enclosing 'for' or' 'switch'
|
||||
statement, and that is the one whose execution terminates.
|
||||
@ -1417,7 +1418,7 @@ Continue statements
|
||||
Within a 'for' loop a continue statement begins the next iteration of the
|
||||
loop at the post statement.
|
||||
|
||||
ContinueStat = 'continue' [ identifier ].
|
||||
ContinueStat = "continue" [ identifier ].
|
||||
|
||||
The optional identifier is analogous to that of a 'break' statement.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1427,7 +1428,7 @@ Goto statements
|
||||
|
||||
A goto statement transfers control to the corresponding label statement.
|
||||
|
||||
GotoStat = 'goto' identifier .
|
||||
GotoStat = "goto" identifier .
|
||||
|
||||
goto Error
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1437,7 +1438,7 @@ Label declaration
|
||||
|
||||
A label declaration serves as the target of a 'goto', 'break' or 'continue' statement.
|
||||
|
||||
LabelDecl = identifier ':' .
|
||||
LabelDecl = identifier ":" .
|
||||
|
||||
Error:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1450,7 +1451,7 @@ Packages
|
||||
Every source file identifies the package to which it belongs.
|
||||
The file must begin with a package clause.
|
||||
|
||||
PackageClause = 'package' PackageName .
|
||||
PackageClause = "package" PackageName .
|
||||
|
||||
package Math
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1461,7 +1462,7 @@ Import declarations
|
||||
A program can gain access to exported items from another package
|
||||
through an import declaration:
|
||||
|
||||
ImportDecl = 'import' [ '.' | PackageName ] PackageFileName .
|
||||
ImportDecl = "import" [ "." | PackageName ] PackageFileName .
|
||||
PackageFileName = string_lit .
|
||||
|
||||
An import statement makes the exported contents of the named
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user