diff --git a/src/cmd/cover/cover.go b/src/cmd/cover/cover.go
index 5be64d25c0..60cfcb5bc2 100644
--- a/src/cmd/cover/cover.go
+++ b/src/cmd/cover/cover.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
 	"cmd/internal/edit"
@@ -483,13 +484,29 @@ func (f *File) postFunc(fn ast.Node, funcname string, flit bool, body *ast.Block
 	}
 	funcId := f.mdb.AddFunc(fd)
 
-	// Generate the registration hook for the function, and insert it
-	// into the prolog.
-	cv := f.fn.counterVar
-	regHook := fmt.Sprintf("%s[0] = %d ; %s[1] = %s ; %s[2] = %d",
-		cv, len(f.fn.units), cv, mkPackageIdExpression(), cv, funcId)
+	hookWrite := func(cv string, which int, val string) string {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s[%d] = %s", cv, which, val)
+	}
+	if *mode == "atomic" {
+		hookWrite = func(cv string, which int, val string) string {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%s.StoreUint32(&%s[%d], %s)", atomicPackageName,
+				cv, which, val)
+		}
+	}
 
-	// Insert a function registration sequence into the function.
+	// Generate the registration hook sequence for the function. This
+	// sequence looks like
+	//
+	//   counterVar[0] = <num_units>
+	//   counterVar[1] = pkgId
+	//   counterVar[2] = fnId
+	//
+	cv := f.fn.counterVar
+	regHook := hookWrite(cv, 0, strconv.Itoa(len(f.fn.units))) + " ; " +
+		hookWrite(cv, 1, mkPackageIdExpression()) + " ; " +
+		hookWrite(cv, 2, strconv.Itoa(int(funcId)))
+
+	// Insert the registration sequence into the function.
 	boff := f.offset(body.Pos())
 	ipos := f.fset.File(body.Pos()).Pos(boff + 1)
 	f.edit.Insert(f.offset(ipos), regHook+" ; ")
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/cover_test_race_issue56370.txt b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/cover_test_race_issue56370.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2e55f10087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/cmd/go/testdata/script/cover_test_race_issue56370.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+[short] skip
+[!race] skip
+
+go test -race -cover issue.56370/filter
+
+-- go.mod --
+module issue.56370
+
+go 1.20
+
+-- filter/filter.go --
+
+package filter
+
+func New() func(error) bool {
+	return func(error) bool {
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+-- filter/filter_test.go --
+
+package filter_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"issue.56370/filter"
+)
+
+func Test1(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	_ = filter.New()
+}
+
+func Test2(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	_ = filter.New()
+}
+
+func Test3(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	_ = filter.New()
+}
+
+func Test4(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	_ = filter.New()
+}
+