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add information comparing the compiler implementations to the installation document
R=rsc CC=go-dev http://go/go-review/1018063
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doc/install.html
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doc/install.html
@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
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<p>
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There are two distinct ways to experiment with Go.
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This document explains how to check out, build, and use the <code>6g</code> Go
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compiler and tools.
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This document explains how to check out, build, and use the <code>gc</code> Go
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compiler and tools (<code>6g</code>, <code>8g</code> etc.).
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For information on how to use <code>gccgo</code>, a more traditional
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compiler using the gcc back end, see
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compiler using the GCC back end, see
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<a href="go_gccgo_setup.html">Setting up and using gccgo</a>.
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</p>
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@ -18,31 +18,43 @@ variables that you should set in your <code>.bashrc</code> or equivalent,
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plus one optional variable:</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><code>$GOROOT</code></dt>
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<dt>
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<code>$GOROOT</code>
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</dt>
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<dd>The root of the Go tree. Typically this is <code>$HOME/go</code>
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but it can be any directory.</dd>
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<dt><code>$GOOS</code> and <code>$GOARCH</code></dt>
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<dd>The name of the target operating system and compilation architecture.
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Choices for <code>$GOOS</code> are <code>darwin</code> (OS X), <code>linux</code>,
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and <code>nacl</code> (Native Client, an incomplete port).
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Choices for <code>$GOARCH</code> are <code>amd64</code> (64-bit x86, the most stable port),
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<code>386</code> (32-bit x86, an unoptimized but stable port), and
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<code>arm</code> (32-bit ARM, an incomplete port).
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The valid combinations are
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<code>linux</code>/<code>amd64</code>,
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<code>linux</code>/<code>arm</code>,
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<code>linux</code>/<code>386</code>,
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<code>darwin</code>/<code>amd64</code>,
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<code>darwin</code>/<code>386</code>,
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and
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<code>nacl</code>/<code>386</code>.
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but it can be any directory.
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</dd>
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<dt><code>$GOBIN</code> (optional)</dt>
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<dd>The location where binaries will be installed.
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If you set <code>$GOBIN</code>, you need to ensure that it
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is in your <code>$PATH</code> so that newly built Go-specific
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command such as the compiler can be found during the build.
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The default, <code>$HOME/bin</code>, may already be in your <code>$PATH</code>.
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<dt>
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<code>$GOOS</code> and <code>$GOARCH</code>
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</dt>
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<dd>
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The name of the target operating system and compilation architecture.
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Choices for <code>$GOOS</code> are <code>linux</code>,
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<code>darwin</code> (Mac OS X 10.5 or 10.6),
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and <code>nacl</code> (Native Client, an incomplete port).
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Choices for <code>$GOARCH</code> are <code>amd64</code> (64-bit x86, the most stable port),
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<code>386</code> (32-bit x86, an unoptimized but stable port), and
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<code>arm</code> (32-bit ARM, an incomplete port).
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The valid combinations are
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<code>linux</code>/<code>amd64</code>,
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<code>linux</code>/<code>arm</code>,
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<code>linux</code>/<code>386</code>,
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<code>darwin</code>/<code>amd64</code>,
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<code>darwin</code>/<code>386</code>,
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and
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<code>nacl</code>/<code>386</code>.
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</dd>
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<dt>
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<code>$GOBIN</code> (optional)
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</dt>
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<dd>
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The location where binaries will be installed.
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If you set <code>$GOBIN</code>, you need to ensure that it
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is in your <code>$PATH</code> so that newly built Go-specific
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command such as the compiler can be found during the build.
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The default, <code>$HOME/bin</code>, may already be in your <code>$PATH</code>.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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@ -61,6 +73,57 @@ listing your environment.
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$ env | grep '^GO'
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</pre>
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<h2>Ports</h2>
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<p>
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Go compilers support two operating systems (Linux, Mac OS X) and
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three instruction sets.
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The versions for Linux and Mac are equally capable except that the ARM port
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does not run on OS X (yet).
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</p>
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<p>
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There are important differences in the quality of the compilers for the different
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architectures.
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</p>
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<dl>
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<dt>
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<code>amd64</code> (a.k.a. <code>x86-64</code>); <code>6g,6l,6c,6a</code>
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</dt>
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<dd>
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The strongest implementation. The compiler has an effective optimizer
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(registerizer) and generates good code (although <code>gccgo</code>
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can do noticeably better sometimes).
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</dd>
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<dt>
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<code>386</code> (a.k.a. <code>x86</code> or <code>x86-32</code>); <code>8g,8l,8c,8a</code>
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</dt>
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<dd>
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Comparable to the <code>amd64</code> port, but there is no
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optimizer. Work is underway.
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</dd>
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<dt>
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<code>arm</code> (a.k.a. <code>ARM</code>); <code>5g,5l,5c,5a</code>
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</dt>
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<dd>
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Developed under the QEMU emulation environment, this is the
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newest implementation. It's got a couple of outstanding bugs
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but is improving.
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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Except for things like low-level operating system interface code, the runtime
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support is the same in all ports and includes a mark-and-sweep garbage collector
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(a fancier one is in the works), efficient array and string slicing,
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support for segmented stacks, and a strong goroutine implementation.
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</p>
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<p>
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See the separate <a href="go_gccgo_setup.html"><code>gccgo</code> document</a>
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for details about that compiler and environment.
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</p>
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<h2>Fetch the repository</h2>
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<p>
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@ -189,9 +252,12 @@ The linker learns about them by reading <code>hello.6</code>.
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To build more complicated programs, you will probably
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want to use a
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<code>Makefile</code>.
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There are examples in <code>$GOROOT/src/cmd/godoc/Makefile</code>
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There are examples in places like
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<code>$GOROOT/src/cmd/godoc/Makefile</code>
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and <code>$GOROOT/src/pkg/*/Makefile</code>.
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<a href="">XXX other document XXX</a> gives more detail about
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The
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<a href="contribute.html">document</a>
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about contributing to the Go project
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gives more detail about
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the process of building and testing Go programs.
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</p>
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