diff --git a/src/cmd/go/go_test.go b/src/cmd/go/go_test.go
index 5a657bcfcaf..ff397a1995d 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/go_test.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/go_test.go
@@ -2832,3 +2832,25 @@ func TestCoverpkgTestOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	tg.grepStderrNot("no packages being tested depend on matches", "bad match message")
 	tg.grepStdout("coverage: 100", "no coverage")
 }
+
+// Regression test for golang.org/issue/34499: version command should not crash
+// when executed in a deleted directory on Linux.
+func TestExecInDeletedDir(t *testing.T) {
+	// The crash has only been reproduced on Linux.
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" || runtime.GOOS == "plan9" {
+		t.Skip()
+	}
+	tg := testgo(t)
+	defer tg.cleanup()
+
+	wd, err := os.Getwd()
+	tg.check(err)
+	tg.makeTempdir()
+	tg.check(os.Chdir(tg.tempdir))
+	defer func() { tg.check(os.Chdir(wd)) }()
+
+	tg.check(os.Remove(tg.tempdir))
+
+	// `go version` should not fail
+	tg.run("version")
+}
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/base/path.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/base/path.go
index cb4adbde42a..4d8715ef5fe 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/base/path.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/base/path.go
@@ -8,21 +8,27 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 )
 
-func getwd() string {
-	wd, err := os.Getwd()
-	if err != nil {
-		Fatalf("cannot determine current directory: %v", err)
-	}
-	return wd
-}
+var cwd string
+var cwdOnce sync.Once
 
-var Cwd = getwd()
+// Cwd returns the current working directory at the time of the first call.
+func Cwd() string {
+	cwdOnce.Do(func() {
+		var err error
+		cwd, err = os.Getwd()
+		if err != nil {
+			Fatalf("cannot determine current directory: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+	return cwd
+}
 
 // ShortPath returns an absolute or relative name for path, whatever is shorter.
 func ShortPath(path string) string {
-	if rel, err := filepath.Rel(Cwd, path); err == nil && len(rel) < len(path) {
+	if rel, err := filepath.Rel(Cwd(), path); err == nil && len(rel) < len(path) {
 		return rel
 	}
 	return path
@@ -33,7 +39,7 @@ func ShortPath(path string) string {
 func RelPaths(paths []string) []string {
 	var out []string
 	for _, p := range paths {
-		rel, err := filepath.Rel(Cwd, p)
+		rel, err := filepath.Rel(Cwd(), p)
 		if err == nil && len(rel) < len(p) {
 			p = rel
 		}
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/envcmd/env.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/envcmd/env.go
index 8dbb8af1e75..b30c37ab27c 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/envcmd/env.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/envcmd/env.go
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ func runEnv(ctx context.Context, cmd *base.Command, args []string) {
 	env := cfg.CmdEnv
 	env = append(env, ExtraEnvVars()...)
 
-	if err := fsys.Init(base.Cwd); err != nil {
+	if err := fsys.Init(base.Cwd()); err != nil {
 		base.Fatalf("go: %v", err)
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/fsys/fsys.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/fsys/fsys.go
index ae10946fb1a..0b806027e64 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/fsys/fsys.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/fsys/fsys.go
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func (n *node) isDeleted() bool {
 
 // TODO(matloob): encapsulate these in an io/fs-like interface
 var overlay map[string]*node // path -> file or directory node
-var cwd string               // copy of base.Cwd to avoid dependency
+var cwd string               // copy of base.Cwd() to avoid dependency
 
 // Canonicalize a path for looking it up in the overlay.
 // Important: filepath.Join(cwd, path) doesn't always produce
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/get/get.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/get/get.go
index c28bce8cfcd..3c16dc3040f 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/get/get.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/get/get.go
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ func download(arg string, parent *load.Package, stk *load.ImportStack, mode int)
 	load1 := func(path string, mode int) *load.Package {
 		if parent == nil {
 			mode := 0 // don't do module or vendor resolution
-			return load.LoadImport(context.TODO(), load.PackageOpts{}, path, base.Cwd, nil, stk, nil, mode)
+			return load.LoadImport(context.TODO(), load.PackageOpts{}, path, base.Cwd(), nil, stk, nil, mode)
 		}
 		return load.LoadImport(context.TODO(), load.PackageOpts{}, path, parent.Dir, parent, stk, nil, mode|load.ResolveModule)
 	}
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/load/flag.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/load/flag.go
index 7534e65f54c..440cb861344 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/load/flag.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/load/flag.go
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ type ppfValue struct {
 
 // Set is called each time the flag is encountered on the command line.
 func (f *PerPackageFlag) Set(v string) error {
-	return f.set(v, base.Cwd)
+	return f.set(v, base.Cwd())
 }
 
 // set is the implementation of Set, taking a cwd (current working directory) for easier testing.
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/load/pkg.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/load/pkg.go
index 2d91d105836..153399d83e6 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/load/pkg.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/load/pkg.go
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ func ReloadPackageNoFlags(arg string, stk *ImportStack) *Package {
 		})
 		packageDataCache.Delete(p.ImportPath)
 	}
-	return LoadImport(context.TODO(), PackageOpts{}, arg, base.Cwd, nil, stk, nil, 0)
+	return LoadImport(context.TODO(), PackageOpts{}, arg, base.Cwd(), nil, stk, nil, 0)
 }
 
 // dirToImportPath returns the pseudo-import path we use for a package
@@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ func (pre *preload) preloadMatches(ctx context.Context, opts PackageOpts, matche
 			case pre.sema <- struct{}{}:
 				go func(pkg string) {
 					mode := 0 // don't use vendoring or module import resolution
-					bp, loaded, err := loadPackageData(ctx, pkg, "", base.Cwd, "", false, mode)
+					bp, loaded, err := loadPackageData(ctx, pkg, "", base.Cwd(), "", false, mode)
 					<-pre.sema
 					if bp != nil && loaded && err == nil && !opts.IgnoreImports {
 						pre.preloadImports(ctx, opts, bp.Imports, bp)
@@ -2456,7 +2456,7 @@ func PackagesAndErrors(ctx context.Context, opts PackageOpts, patterns []string)
 			if pkg == "" {
 				panic(fmt.Sprintf("ImportPaths returned empty package for pattern %s", m.Pattern()))
 			}
-			p := loadImport(ctx, opts, pre, pkg, base.Cwd, nil, &stk, nil, 0)
+			p := loadImport(ctx, opts, pre, pkg, base.Cwd(), nil, &stk, nil, 0)
 			p.Match = append(p.Match, m.Pattern())
 			p.Internal.CmdlinePkg = true
 			if m.IsLiteral() {
@@ -2670,7 +2670,7 @@ func GoFilesPackage(ctx context.Context, opts PackageOpts, gofiles []string) *Pa
 
 	var err error
 	if dir == "" {
-		dir = base.Cwd
+		dir = base.Cwd()
 	}
 	dir, err = filepath.Abs(dir)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/modload/init.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/modload/init.go
index 99c0c2b9811..5cdea12cd3e 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/modload/init.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/modload/init.go
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ func Init() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := fsys.Init(base.Cwd); err != nil {
+	if err := fsys.Init(base.Cwd()); err != nil {
 		base.Fatalf("go: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ func Init() {
 		}
 		modRoot = ""
 	} else {
-		modRoot = findModuleRoot(base.Cwd)
+		modRoot = findModuleRoot(base.Cwd())
 		if modRoot == "" {
 			if cfg.ModFile != "" {
 				base.Fatalf("go: cannot find main module, but -modfile was set.\n\t-modfile cannot be used to set the module root directory.")
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ func WillBeEnabled() bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	if modRoot := findModuleRoot(base.Cwd); modRoot == "" {
+	if modRoot := findModuleRoot(base.Cwd()); modRoot == "" {
 		// GO111MODULE is 'auto', and we can't find a module root.
 		// Stay in GOPATH mode.
 		return false
@@ -335,8 +335,8 @@ func die() {
 	if cfg.Getenv("GO111MODULE") == "off" {
 		base.Fatalf("go: modules disabled by GO111MODULE=off; see 'go help modules'")
 	}
-	if dir, name := findAltConfig(base.Cwd); dir != "" {
-		rel, err := filepath.Rel(base.Cwd, dir)
+	if dir, name := findAltConfig(base.Cwd()); dir != "" {
+		rel, err := filepath.Rel(base.Cwd(), dir)
 		if err != nil {
 			rel = dir
 		}
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ func loadModFile(ctx context.Context) (rs *Requirements, needCommit bool) {
 // exactly the same as in the legacy configuration (for example, we can't get
 // packages at multiple versions from the same module).
 func CreateModFile(ctx context.Context, modPath string) {
-	modRoot = base.Cwd
+	modRoot = base.Cwd()
 	Init()
 	modFilePath := ModFilePath()
 	if _, err := fsys.Stat(modFilePath); err == nil {
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ func initTarget(m module.Version) {
 	Target = m
 	targetPrefix = m.Path
 
-	if rel := search.InDir(base.Cwd, cfg.GOROOTsrc); rel != "" {
+	if rel := search.InDir(base.Cwd(), cfg.GOROOTsrc); rel != "" {
 		targetInGorootSrc = true
 		if m.Path == "std" {
 			// The "std" module in GOROOT/src is the Go standard library. Unlike other
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/modload/load.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/modload/load.go
index c811029ab57..f30ac6e0c8b 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/modload/load.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/modload/load.go
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ func matchLocalDirs(ctx context.Context, m *search.Match, rs *Requirements) {
 		dir := filepath.Dir(filepath.Clean(m.Pattern()[:i+3]))
 		absDir := dir
 		if !filepath.IsAbs(dir) {
-			absDir = filepath.Join(base.Cwd, dir)
+			absDir = filepath.Join(base.Cwd(), dir)
 		}
 		if search.InDir(absDir, cfg.GOROOTsrc) == "" && search.InDir(absDir, ModRoot()) == "" && pathInModuleCache(ctx, absDir, rs) == "" {
 			m.Dirs = []string{}
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ func resolveLocalPackage(ctx context.Context, dir string, rs *Requirements) (str
 	if filepath.IsAbs(dir) {
 		absDir = filepath.Clean(dir)
 	} else {
-		absDir = filepath.Join(base.Cwd, dir)
+		absDir = filepath.Join(base.Cwd(), dir)
 	}
 
 	bp, err := cfg.BuildContext.ImportDir(absDir, 0)
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ func DirImportPath(ctx context.Context, dir string) string {
 	LoadModFile(ctx) // Sets targetPrefix.
 
 	if !filepath.IsAbs(dir) {
-		dir = filepath.Join(base.Cwd, dir)
+		dir = filepath.Join(base.Cwd(), dir)
 	} else {
 		dir = filepath.Clean(dir)
 	}
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/search/search.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/search/search.go
index f1152080a7e..a0c806a2593 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/search/search.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/search/search.go
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ func ImportPathsQuiet(patterns []string) []*Match {
 			for i, dir := range m.Dirs {
 				absDir := dir
 				if !filepath.IsAbs(dir) {
-					absDir = filepath.Join(base.Cwd, dir)
+					absDir = filepath.Join(base.Cwd(), dir)
 				}
 				if bp, _ := cfg.BuildContext.ImportDir(absDir, build.FindOnly); bp.ImportPath != "" && bp.ImportPath != "." {
 					m.Pkgs[i] = bp.ImportPath
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/test/cover.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/test/cover.go
index 9841791552d..657d22a6b4d 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/test/cover.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/test/cover.go
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ func initCoverProfile() {
 	if testCoverProfile == "" || testC {
 		return
 	}
-	if !filepath.IsAbs(testCoverProfile) && testOutputDir != "" {
-		testCoverProfile = filepath.Join(testOutputDir, testCoverProfile)
+	if !filepath.IsAbs(testCoverProfile) {
+		testCoverProfile = filepath.Join(testOutputDir.getAbs(), testCoverProfile)
 	}
 
 	// No mutex - caller's responsibility to call with no racing goroutines.
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/test/test.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/test/test.go
index c2f8aed0040..59ea1ef5445 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/test/test.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/test/test.go
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ var (
 	testJSON         bool                              // -json flag
 	testList         string                            // -list flag
 	testO            string                            // -o flag
-	testOutputDir    = base.Cwd                        // -outputdir flag
+	testOutputDir    outputdirFlag                     // -outputdir flag
 	testShuffle      shuffleFlag                       // -shuffle flag
 	testTimeout      time.Duration                     // -timeout flag
 	testV            bool                              // -v flag
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ func runTest(ctx context.Context, cmd *base.Command, args []string) {
 		match := make([]func(*load.Package) bool, len(testCoverPaths))
 		matched := make([]bool, len(testCoverPaths))
 		for i := range testCoverPaths {
-			match[i] = load.MatchPackage(testCoverPaths[i], base.Cwd)
+			match[i] = load.MatchPackage(testCoverPaths[i], base.Cwd())
 		}
 
 		// Select for coverage all dependencies matching the testCoverPaths patterns.
@@ -945,11 +945,11 @@ func builderTest(b *work.Builder, ctx context.Context, pkgOpts load.PackageOpts,
 	var installAction, cleanAction *work.Action
 	if testC || testNeedBinary() {
 		// -c or profiling flag: create action to copy binary to ./test.out.
-		target := filepath.Join(base.Cwd, testBinary+cfg.ExeSuffix)
+		target := filepath.Join(base.Cwd(), testBinary+cfg.ExeSuffix)
 		if testO != "" {
 			target = testO
 			if !filepath.IsAbs(target) {
-				target = filepath.Join(base.Cwd, target)
+				target = filepath.Join(base.Cwd(), target)
 			}
 		}
 		if target == os.DevNull {
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/test/testflag.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/test/testflag.go
index 6ed96a36d0a..08f1efa2c0d 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/test/testflag.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/test/testflag.go
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func init() {
 	cf.String("memprofilerate", "", "")
 	cf.StringVar(&testMutexProfile, "mutexprofile", "", "")
 	cf.String("mutexprofilefraction", "", "")
-	cf.Var(outputdirFlag{&testOutputDir}, "outputdir", "")
+	cf.Var(&testOutputDir, "outputdir", "")
 	cf.Int("parallel", 0, "")
 	cf.String("run", "", "")
 	cf.Bool("short", false, "")
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func init() {
 	cf.BoolVar(&testV, "v", false, "")
 	cf.Var(&testShuffle, "shuffle", "")
 
-	for name, _ := range passFlagToTest {
+	for name := range passFlagToTest {
 		cf.Var(cf.Lookup(name).Value, "test."+name, "")
 	}
 }
@@ -128,19 +128,26 @@ func (f stringFlag) Set(value string) error {
 // outputdirFlag implements the -outputdir flag.
 // It interprets an empty value as the working directory of the 'go' command.
 type outputdirFlag struct {
-	resolved *string
+	abs string
 }
 
-func (f outputdirFlag) String() string { return *f.resolved }
-func (f outputdirFlag) Set(value string) (err error) {
+func (f *outputdirFlag) String() string {
+	return f.abs
+}
+func (f *outputdirFlag) Set(value string) (err error) {
 	if value == "" {
-		// The empty string implies the working directory of the 'go' command.
-		*f.resolved = base.Cwd
+		f.abs = ""
 	} else {
-		*f.resolved, err = filepath.Abs(value)
+		f.abs, err = filepath.Abs(value)
 	}
 	return err
 }
+func (f *outputdirFlag) getAbs() string {
+	if f.abs == "" {
+		return base.Cwd()
+	}
+	return f.abs
+}
 
 // vetFlag implements the special parsing logic for the -vet flag:
 // a comma-separated list, with a distinguished value "off" and
@@ -404,7 +411,7 @@ func testFlags(args []string) (packageNames, passToTest []string) {
 	// command. Set it explicitly if it is needed due to some other flag that
 	// requests output.
 	if testProfile() != "" && !outputDirSet {
-		injectedFlags = append(injectedFlags, "-test.outputdir="+testOutputDir)
+		injectedFlags = append(injectedFlags, "-test.outputdir="+testOutputDir.getAbs())
 	}
 
 	// If the user is explicitly passing -help or -h, show output
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/work/action.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/work/action.go
index 9d141ae233d..69940cb0015 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/work/action.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/work/action.go
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ func readpkglist(shlibpath string) (pkgs []*load.Package) {
 			if strings.HasPrefix(t, "pkgpath ") {
 				t = strings.TrimPrefix(t, "pkgpath ")
 				t = strings.TrimSuffix(t, ";")
-				pkgs = append(pkgs, load.LoadImportWithFlags(t, base.Cwd, nil, &stk, nil, 0))
+				pkgs = append(pkgs, load.LoadImportWithFlags(t, base.Cwd(), nil, &stk, nil, 0))
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ func readpkglist(shlibpath string) (pkgs []*load.Package) {
 		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewBuffer(pkglistbytes))
 		for scanner.Scan() {
 			t := scanner.Text()
-			pkgs = append(pkgs, load.LoadImportWithFlags(t, base.Cwd, nil, &stk, nil, 0))
+			pkgs = append(pkgs, load.LoadImportWithFlags(t, base.Cwd(), nil, &stk, nil, 0))
 		}
 	}
 	return
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ func (b *Builder) linkSharedAction(mode, depMode BuildMode, shlib string, a1 *Ac
 					}
 				}
 				var stk load.ImportStack
-				p := load.LoadImportWithFlags(pkg, base.Cwd, nil, &stk, nil, 0)
+				p := load.LoadImportWithFlags(pkg, base.Cwd(), nil, &stk, nil, 0)
 				if p.Error != nil {
 					base.Fatalf("load %s: %v", pkg, p.Error)
 				}
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/work/build_test.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/work/build_test.go
index eaf2639e9e0..600fc3083f0 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/work/build_test.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/work/build_test.go
@@ -173,10 +173,11 @@ func TestSharedLibName(t *testing.T) {
 				if err != nil {
 					t.Fatal(err)
 				}
+				cwd := base.Cwd()
 				oldGopath := cfg.BuildContext.GOPATH
 				defer func() {
 					cfg.BuildContext.GOPATH = oldGopath
-					os.Chdir(base.Cwd)
+					os.Chdir(cwd)
 					err := os.RemoveAll(tmpGopath)
 					if err != nil {
 						t.Error(err)
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/work/exec.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/work/exec.go
index 994c4dafcf5..b506b836561 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/work/exec.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/work/exec.go
@@ -2377,7 +2377,7 @@ func (b *Builder) gccld(a *Action, p *load.Package, objdir, outfile string, flag
 
 	cmdargs := []interface{}{cmd, "-o", outfile, objs, flags}
 	dir := p.Dir
-	out, err := b.runOut(a, base.Cwd, b.cCompilerEnv(), cmdargs...)
+	out, err := b.runOut(a, base.Cwd(), b.cCompilerEnv(), cmdargs...)
 
 	if len(out) > 0 {
 		// Filter out useless linker warnings caused by bugs outside Go.
@@ -2991,7 +2991,7 @@ func (b *Builder) dynimport(a *Action, p *load.Package, objdir, importGo, cgoExe
 	if p.Standard && p.ImportPath == "runtime/cgo" {
 		cgoflags = []string{"-dynlinker"} // record path to dynamic linker
 	}
-	return b.run(a, base.Cwd, p.ImportPath, b.cCompilerEnv(), cfg.BuildToolexec, cgoExe, "-dynpackage", p.Name, "-dynimport", dynobj, "-dynout", importGo, cgoflags)
+	return b.run(a, base.Cwd(), p.ImportPath, b.cCompilerEnv(), cfg.BuildToolexec, cgoExe, "-dynpackage", p.Name, "-dynimport", dynobj, "-dynout", importGo, cgoflags)
 }
 
 // Run SWIG on all SWIG input files.
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/work/gc.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/work/gc.go
index 9adcf3035f4..85da4f89f99 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/work/gc.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/work/gc.go
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ func (gcToolchain) gc(b *Builder, a *Action, archive string, importcfg, embedcfg
 		args = append(args, f)
 	}
 
-	output, err = b.runOut(a, base.Cwd, nil, args...)
+	output, err = b.runOut(a, base.Cwd(), nil, args...)
 	return ofile, output, err
 }
 
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/work/gccgo.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/work/gccgo.go
index b58c8aa8854..1499536932d 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/work/gccgo.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/work/gccgo.go
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func (tools gccgoToolchain) gc(b *Builder, a *Action, archive string, importcfg,
 
 	if b.gccSupportsFlag(args[:1], "-ffile-prefix-map=a=b") {
 		if cfg.BuildTrimpath {
-			args = append(args, "-ffile-prefix-map="+base.Cwd+"=.")
+			args = append(args, "-ffile-prefix-map="+base.Cwd()+"=.")
 			args = append(args, "-ffile-prefix-map="+b.WorkDir+"=/tmp/go-build")
 		}
 		if fsys.OverlayFile != "" {
@@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ func (tools gccgoToolchain) gc(b *Builder, a *Action, archive string, importcfg,
 				}
 				toPath := absPath
 				// gccgo only applies the last matching rule, so also handle the case where
-				// BuildTrimpath is true and the path is relative to base.Cwd.
-				if cfg.BuildTrimpath && str.HasFilePathPrefix(toPath, base.Cwd) {
-					toPath = "." + toPath[len(base.Cwd):]
+				// BuildTrimpath is true and the path is relative to base.Cwd().
+				if cfg.BuildTrimpath && str.HasFilePathPrefix(toPath, base.Cwd()) {
+					toPath = "." + toPath[len(base.Cwd()):]
 				}
 				args = append(args, "-ffile-prefix-map="+overlayPath+"="+toPath)
 			}
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ func (tools gccgoToolchain) cc(b *Builder, a *Action, ofile, cfile string) error
 	}
 	defs = tools.maybePIC(defs)
 	if b.gccSupportsFlag(compiler, "-ffile-prefix-map=a=b") {
-		defs = append(defs, "-ffile-prefix-map="+base.Cwd+"=.")
+		defs = append(defs, "-ffile-prefix-map="+base.Cwd()+"=.")
 		defs = append(defs, "-ffile-prefix-map="+b.WorkDir+"=/tmp/go-build")
 	} else if b.gccSupportsFlag(compiler, "-fdebug-prefix-map=a=b") {
 		defs = append(defs, "-fdebug-prefix-map="+b.WorkDir+"=/tmp/go-build")
diff --git a/src/cmd/go/internal/work/init.go b/src/cmd/go/internal/work/init.go
index ca7e04d280b..37a3e2d0ffd 100644
--- a/src/cmd/go/internal/work/init.go
+++ b/src/cmd/go/internal/work/init.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func BuildInit() {
 	modload.Init()
 	instrumentInit()
 	buildModeInit()
-	if err := fsys.Init(base.Cwd); err != nil {
+	if err := fsys.Init(base.Cwd()); err != nil {
 		base.Fatalf("go: %v", err)
 	}