cmd/compile: deal with helper generic types that add methods to T

Deal with cases like: 'type P[T any] T' (used to add methods to an
arbitrary type T), In this case, P[T] has kind types.TTYPEPARAM (as does
T itself), but requires more code to substitute than a simple TTYPEPARAM
T. See the comment near the beginning of subster.typ() in stencil.go.

Add new test absdiff.go. This test has a case for complex types (which
I've commented out) that will only work when we deal better with Go
builtins in generic functions (like real and imag).

Remove change in fmt.go for TTYPEPARAMS that is no longer needed (since
all TTYPEPARAMS have a sym) and was sometimes causing an extra prefix
when formatting method names.

Separate out the setting of a TTYPEPARAM bound, since it can reference
the TTYPEPARAM being defined, so must be done separately. Also, we don't
currently (and may not ever) need bounds after types2 typechecking.

Change-Id: Id173057e0c4563b309b95e665e9c1151ead4ba77
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/300049
Run-TryBot: Dan Scales <danscales@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Go Bot <gobot@golang.org>
Trust: Dan Scales <danscales@google.com>
Trust: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@golang.org>

src/cmd/compile/internal/noder/stencil.go

@@ -553,7 +553,25 @@ func (subst *subster) typ(t *types.Type) *types.Type {
 				return subst.targs[i].Type()
 			}
 		}
-		return t
+		// If t is a simple typeparam T, then t has the name/symbol 'T'
+		// and t.Underlying() == t.
+		//
+		// However, consider the type definition: 'type P[T any] T'. We
+		// might use this definition so we can have a variant of type T
+		// that we can add new methods to. Suppose t is a reference to
+		// P[T]. t has the name 'P[T]', but its kind is TTYPEPARAM,
+		// because P[T] is defined as T. If we look at t.Underlying(), it
+		// is different, because the name of t.Underlying() is 'T' rather
+		// than 'P[T]'. But the kind of t.Underlying() is also TTYPEPARAM.
+		// In this case, we do the needed recursive substitution in the
+		// case statement below.
+		if t.Underlying() == t {
+			// t is a simple typeparam that didn't match anything in tparam
+			return t
+		}
+		// t is a more complex typeparam (e.g. P[T], as above, whose
+		// definition is just T).
+		assert(t.Sym() != nil)
 	}
 
 	var newsym *types.Sym
@@ -591,6 +609,15 @@ func (subst *subster) typ(t *types.Type) *types.Type {
 	var newt *types.Type
 
 	switch t.Kind() {
+	case types.TTYPEPARAM:
+		if t.Sym() == newsym {
+			// The substitution did not change the type.
+			return t
+		}
+		// Substitute the underlying typeparam (e.g. T in P[T], see
+		// the example describing type P[T] above).
+		newt = subst.typ(t.Underlying())
+		assert(newt != t)
 
 	case types.TARRAY:
 		elem := t.Elem()

src/cmd/compile/internal/noder/types.go

@@ -180,11 +180,18 @@ func (g *irgen) typ0(typ types2.Type) *types.Type {
 		return types.NewInterface(g.tpkg(typ), append(embeddeds, methods...))
 
 	case *types2.TypeParam:
-		tp := types.NewTypeParam(g.tpkg(typ), g.typ(typ.Bound()))
+		tp := types.NewTypeParam(g.tpkg(typ))
 		// Save the name of the type parameter in the sym of the type.
 		// Include the types2 subscript in the sym name
 		sym := g.pkg(typ.Obj().Pkg()).Lookup(types2.TypeString(typ, func(*types2.Package) string { return "" }))
 		tp.SetSym(sym)
+		// Set g.typs[typ] in case the bound methods reference typ.
+		g.typs[typ] = tp
+
+		// TODO(danscales): we don't currently need to use the bounds
+		// anywhere, so eventually we can probably remove.
+		bound := g.typ(typ.Bound())
+		*tp.Methods() = *bound.Methods()
 		return tp
 
 	case *types2.Tuple:

src/cmd/compile/internal/types/fmt.go

@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ func tconv2(b *bytes.Buffer, t *Type, verb rune, mode fmtMode, visited map[*Type
 	}
 
 	// Unless the 'L' flag was specified, if the type has a name, just print that name.
-	if verb != 'L' && t.Sym() != nil && t != Types[t.Kind()] && t.Kind() != TTYPEPARAM {
+	if verb != 'L' && t.Sym() != nil && t != Types[t.Kind()] {
 		switch mode {
 		case fmtTypeID, fmtTypeIDName:
 			if verb == 'S' {

src/cmd/compile/internal/types/type.go

@@ -1742,12 +1742,9 @@ func NewInterface(pkg *Pkg, methods []*Field) *Type {
 	return t
 }
 
-// NewTypeParam returns a new type param with the given constraint (which may
-// not really be needed except for the type checker).
-func NewTypeParam(pkg *Pkg, constraint *Type) *Type {
+// NewTypeParam returns a new type param.
+func NewTypeParam(pkg *Pkg) *Type {
 	t := New(TTYPEPARAM)
-	constraint.wantEtype(TINTER)
-	t.methods = constraint.methods
 	t.Extra.(*Interface).pkg = pkg
 	t.SetHasTParam(true)
 	return t

test/typeparam/absdiff.go

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// run -gcflags=-G=3
+
+// Copyright 2020 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	//"math"
+)
+
+type Numeric interface {
+	type int, int8, int16, int32, int64,
+		uint, uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64, uintptr,
+		float32, float64,
+		complex64, complex128
+}
+
+// numericAbs matches numeric types with an Abs method.
+type numericAbs[T any] interface {
+	Numeric
+	Abs() T
+}
+
+// AbsDifference computes the absolute value of the difference of
+// a and b, where the absolute value is determined by the Abs method.
+func absDifference[T numericAbs[T]](a, b T) T {
+	d := a - b
+	return d.Abs()
+}
+
+// orderedNumeric matches numeric types that support the < operator.
+type orderedNumeric interface {
+	type int, int8, int16, int32, int64,
+		uint, uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64, uintptr,
+		float32, float64
+}
+
+// Complex matches the two complex types, which do not have a < operator.
+type Complex interface {
+	type complex64, complex128
+}
+
+// orderedAbs is a helper type that defines an Abs method for
+// ordered numeric types.
+type orderedAbs[T orderedNumeric] T
+
+func (a orderedAbs[T]) Abs() orderedAbs[T] {
+	// TODO(danscales): orderedAbs[T] conversion shouldn't be needed
+	if a < orderedAbs[T](0) {
+		return -a
+	}
+	return a
+}
+
+// complexAbs is a helper type that defines an Abs method for
+// complex types.
+// type complexAbs[T Complex] T
+
+// func (a complexAbs[T]) Abs() complexAbs[T] {
+// 	r := float64(real(a))
+// 	i := float64(imag(a))
+// 	d := math.Sqrt(r * r + i * i)
+// 	return complexAbs[T](complex(d, 0))
+// }
+
+// OrderedAbsDifference returns the absolute value of the difference
+// between a and b, where a and b are of an ordered type.
+func orderedAbsDifference[T orderedNumeric](a, b T) T {
+	return T(absDifference(orderedAbs[T](a), orderedAbs[T](b)))
+}
+
+// ComplexAbsDifference returns the absolute value of the difference
+// between a and b, where a and b are of a complex type.
+// func complexAbsDifference[T Complex](a, b T) T {
+// 	return T(absDifference(complexAbs[T](a), complexAbs[T](b)))
+// }
+
+func main() {
+	if got, want := orderedAbsDifference(1.0, -2.0), 3.0; got != want {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("got = %v, want = %v", got, want))
+	}
+	if got, want := orderedAbsDifference(-1.0, 2.0), 3.0; got != want {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("got = %v, want = %v", got, want))
+	}
+	if got, want := orderedAbsDifference(-20, 15), 35; got != want {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("got = %v, want = %v", got, want))
+	}
+
+	// Still have to handle built-ins real/abs to make this work
+	// if got, want := complexAbsDifference(5.0 + 2.0i, 2.0 - 2.0i), 5; got != want {
+	//	panic(fmt.Sprintf("got = %v, want = %v", got, want)
+	// }
+	// if got, want := complexAbsDifference(2.0 - 2.0i, 5.0 + 2.0i), 5; got != want {
+	//	panic(fmt.Sprintf("got = %v, want = %v", got, want)
+	// }
+}