cmd/compile: encourage inlining of functions with single-call bodies

This is a simple tweak to allow a bit more mid-stack inlining.
In cases like this:

func f() {
    g()
}

We'd really like to inline f into its callers. It can't hurt.

We implement this optimization by making calls a bit cheaper, enough
to afford a single call in the function body, but not 2.
The remaining budget allows for some argument modification, or perhaps
a wrapping conditional:

func f(x int) {
    g(x, 0)
}
func f(x int) {
    if x > 0 {
        g()
    }
}

Update #19348

Change-Id: Ifb1ea0dd1db216c3fd5c453c31c3355561fe406f
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/147361
Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Chase <drchase@google.com>

src/cmd/compile/internal/gc/inl.go

@@ -38,9 +38,10 @@ import (
 const (
 	inlineMaxBudget       = 80
 	inlineExtraAppendCost = 0
-	inlineExtraCallCost   = inlineMaxBudget // default is do not inline, -l=4 enables by using 1 instead.
-	inlineExtraPanicCost  = 1               // do not penalize inlining panics.
-	inlineExtraThrowCost  = inlineMaxBudget // with current (2018-05/1.11) code, inlining runtime.throw does not help.
+	// default is to inline if there's at most one call. -l=4 overrides this by using 1 instead.
+	inlineExtraCallCost  = inlineMaxBudget * 3 / 4
+	inlineExtraPanicCost = 1               // do not penalize inlining panics.
+	inlineExtraThrowCost = inlineMaxBudget // with current (2018-05/1.11) code, inlining runtime.throw does not help.
 
 	inlineBigFunctionNodes   = 5000 // Functions with this many nodes are considered "big".
 	inlineBigFunctionMaxCost = 20   // Max cost of inlinee when inlining into a "big" function.
@@ -141,6 +142,13 @@ func caninl(fn *Node) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// If marked as "go:uintptrescapes", don't inline, since the
+	// escape information is lost during inlining.
+	if fn.Func.Pragma&UintptrEscapes != 0 {
+		reason = "marked as having an escaping uintptr argument"
+		return
+	}
+
 	// The nowritebarrierrec checker currently works at function
 	// granularity, so inlining yeswritebarrierrec functions can
 	// confuse it (#22342). As a workaround, disallow inlining

src/runtime/extern.go

@@ -202,6 +202,7 @@ func Caller(skip int) (pc uintptr, file string, line int, ok bool) {
 // directly is discouraged, as is using FuncForPC on any of the
 // returned PCs, since these cannot account for inlining or return
 // program counter adjustment.
+//go:noinline
 func Callers(skip int, pc []uintptr) int {
 	// runtime.callers uses pc.array==nil as a signal
 	// to print a stack trace. Pick off 0-length pc here

src/runtime/runtime-gdb_test.go

@@ -181,12 +181,11 @@ func testGdbPython(t *testing.T, cgo bool) {
 	}
 	args = append(args,
 		"-ex", "set python print-stack full",
-		"-ex", "br fmt.Println",
+		"-ex", "br main.go:15",
 		"-ex", "run",
 		"-ex", "echo BEGIN info goroutines\n",
 		"-ex", "info goroutines",
 		"-ex", "echo END\n",
-		"-ex", "up", // up from fmt.Println to main
 		"-ex", "echo BEGIN print mapvar\n",
 		"-ex", "print mapvar",
 		"-ex", "echo END\n",
@@ -196,14 +195,13 @@ func testGdbPython(t *testing.T, cgo bool) {
 		"-ex", "echo BEGIN info locals\n",
 		"-ex", "info locals",
 		"-ex", "echo END\n",
-		"-ex", "down", // back to fmt.Println (goroutine 2 below only works at bottom of stack.  TODO: fix that)
 		"-ex", "echo BEGIN goroutine 1 bt\n",
 		"-ex", "goroutine 1 bt",
 		"-ex", "echo END\n",
 		"-ex", "echo BEGIN goroutine 2 bt\n",
 		"-ex", "goroutine 2 bt",
 		"-ex", "echo END\n",
-		"-ex", "clear fmt.Println", // clear the previous break point
+		"-ex", "clear main.go:15", // clear the previous break point
 		"-ex", fmt.Sprintf("br main.go:%d", nLines), // new break point at the end of main
 		"-ex", "c",
 		"-ex", "echo BEGIN goroutine 1 bt at the end\n",
@@ -274,7 +272,7 @@ func testGdbPython(t *testing.T, cgo bool) {
 		t.Fatalf("info locals failed: %s", bl)
 	}
 
-	btGoroutine1Re := regexp.MustCompile(`(?m)^#0\s+(0x[0-9a-f]+\s+in\s+)?fmt\.Println.+at`)
+	btGoroutine1Re := regexp.MustCompile(`(?m)^#0\s+(0x[0-9a-f]+\s+in\s+)?main\.main.+at`)
 	if bl := blocks["goroutine 1 bt"]; !btGoroutine1Re.MatchString(bl) {
 		t.Fatalf("goroutine 1 bt failed: %s", bl)
 	}

src/runtime/stack_test.go

@@ -595,6 +595,9 @@ func (s structWithMethod) callers() []uintptr {
 	return pc[:Callers(0, pc)]
 }
 
+// The noinline prevents this function from being inlined
+// into a wrapper. TODO: remove this when issue 28640 is fixed.
+//go:noinline
 func (s structWithMethod) stack() string {
 	buf := make([]byte, 4<<10)
 	return string(buf[:Stack(buf, false)])

test/closure3.dir/main.go

@@ -238,6 +238,8 @@ func main() {
 				if c != 4 {
 					ppanic("c != 4")
 				}
+				for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { // prevent inlining
+				}
 			}()
 		}()
 		if c != 4 {

test/fixedbugs/issue7921.go

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func bufferNoEscape4() []byte {
 	return b.Bytes() // ERROR "inlining call" "b does not escape"
 }
 
-func bufferNoEscape5() {
+func bufferNoEscape5() { // ERROR "can inline bufferNoEscape5"
 	b := bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, 0, 128)) // ERROR "inlining call" "make\(\[\]byte, 0, 128\) does not escape" "&bytes.Buffer literal does not escape"
 	useBuffer(b)
 }

test/inline.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ package foo
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	"runtime"
 	"unsafe"
 )
 
@@ -162,3 +163,20 @@ func k() (T, int, int) { return T{}, 0, 0 } // ERROR "can inline k"
 func _() { // ERROR "can inline _"
 	T.meth(k()) // ERROR "inlining call to k" "inlining call to T.meth"
 }
+
+func small1() { // ERROR "can inline small1"
+	runtime.GC()
+}
+func small2() int { // ERROR "can inline small2"
+	return runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0)
+}
+func small3(t T) { // ERROR "can inline small3"
+	t.meth2(3, 5)
+}
+func small4(t T) { // not inlineable - has 2 calls.
+	t.meth2(runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0), 5)
+}
+func (T) meth2(int, int) { // not inlineable - has 2 calls.
+	runtime.GC()
+	runtime.GC()
+}

test/live_syscall.go

@@ -17,23 +17,23 @@ import (
 
 func f(uintptr) // ERROR "f assuming arg#1 is unsafe uintptr"
 
-func g() {
+func g() { // ERROR "can inline g"
 	var t int
 	f(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&t))) // ERROR "live at call to f: .?autotmp" "g &t does not escape" "stack object .autotmp_[0-9]+ unsafe.Pointer$"
 }
 
-func h() {
+func h() { // ERROR "can inline h"
 	var v int
 	syscall.Syscall(0, 1, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&v)), 2) // ERROR "live at call to Syscall: .?autotmp" "h &v does not escape" "stack object .autotmp_[0-9]+ unsafe.Pointer$"
 }
 
-func i() {
+func i() { // ERROR "can inline i"
 	var t int
 	p := unsafe.Pointer(&t) // ERROR "i &t does not escape"
 	f(uintptr(p))           // ERROR "live at call to f: .?autotmp" "stack object .autotmp_[0-9]+ unsafe.Pointer$"
 }
 
-func j() {
+func j() { // ERROR "can inline j"
 	var v int
 	p := unsafe.Pointer(&v)              // ERROR "j &v does not escape"
 	syscall.Syscall(0, 1, uintptr(p), 2) // ERROR "live at call to Syscall: .?autotmp" "stack object .autotmp_[0-9]+ unsafe.Pointer$"