go/types, types2: permit partially instantiated functions as function arguments

This CL changes Checker.genericExprList such that it collects partially
instantiated generic functions together with their (partial) type
argument (and corresponding) expression lists, instead of trying to
infer the missing type arguments in place or to report an error.
Special care is being taken to explictly record expression types where
needed (because we can't use one of the usual expr evaluators which
takes care of that), or to track the correct instance expression for
later recording with Checker.arguments.

The resulting generic expression list is passed to Checker.arguments
which is changed to accept explicit partial type argument (and
corresponding) expression lists. The provided type arguments are fed
into type inference, matching up with their respective type parameters
(which were collected already, before this CL). If type inference is
successful, the instantiated functions are recorded as needed.

For now, the type argument expression lists are collected and passed
along but not yet used. We may use them eventually for better error
reporting.

Fixes #59958.
For #59338.

Change-Id: I26db47ef3546e64553da49d62b23cd3ef9e2b549
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/494116
Reviewed-by: Robert Findley <rfindley@google.com>
Auto-Submit: Robert Griesemer <gri@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Griesemer <gri@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Run-TryBot: Robert Griesemer <gri@google.com>

src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/api_test.go

@@ -381,6 +381,26 @@ func TestTypesInfo(t *testing.T) {
 		{`package u3c; type _ interface{int | string | ~bool}`, `int | string`, `int | string`},
 		{`package u3c; type _ interface{int | string | ~bool}`, `~bool`, `~bool`},
 		{`package u3c; type _ interface{int | string | ~float64|~bool}`, `int | string | ~float64`, `int | string | ~float64`},
+
+		// reverse type inference
+		{`package r1; var _ func(int) = g; func g[P any](P) {}`, `g`, `func(int)`},
+		{`package r2; var _ func(int) = g[int]; func g[P any](P) {}`, `g`, `func[P any](P)`}, // go.dev/issues/60212
+		{`package r3; var _ func(int) = g[int]; func g[P any](P) {}`, `g[int]`, `func(int)`},
+		{`package r4; var _ func(int, string) = g; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `g`, `func(int, string)`},
+		{`package r5; var _ func(int, string) = g[int]; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `g`, `func[P, Q any](P, Q)`}, // go.dev/issues/60212
+		{`package r6; var _ func(int, string) = g[int]; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `g[int]`, `func(int, string)`},
+
+		{`package s1; func _() { f(g) }; func f(func(int)) {}; func g[P any](P) {}`, `g`, `func(int)`},
+		{`package s2; func _() { f(g[int]) }; func f(func(int)) {}; func g[P any](P) {}`, `g`, `func[P any](P)`}, // go.dev/issues/60212
+		{`package s3; func _() { f(g[int]) }; func f(func(int)) {}; func g[P any](P) {}`, `g[int]`, `func(int)`},
+		{`package s4; func _() { f(g) }; func f(func(int, string)) {}; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `g`, `func(int, string)`},
+		{`package s5; func _() { f(g[int]) }; func f(func(int, string)) {}; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `g`, `func[P, Q any](P, Q)`}, // go.dev/issues/60212
+		{`package s6; func _() { f(g[int]) }; func f(func(int, string)) {}; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `g[int]`, `func(int, string)`},
+
+		{`package s7; func _() { f(g, h) }; func f[P any](func(int, P), func(P, string)) {}; func g[P any](P, P) {}; func h[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `g`, `func(int, int)`},
+		{`package s8; func _() { f(g, h) }; func f[P any](func(int, P), func(P, string)) {}; func g[P any](P, P) {}; func h[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `h`, `func(int, string)`},
+		{`package s9; func _() { f(g, h[int]) }; func f[P any](func(int, P), func(P, string)) {}; func g[P any](P, P) {}; func h[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `h`, `func[P, Q any](P, Q)`}, // go.dev/issues/60212
+		{`package s10; func _() { f(g, h[int]) }; func f[P any](func(int, P), func(P, string)) {}; func g[P any](P, P) {}; func h[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `h[int]`, `func(int, string)`},
 	}
 
 	for _, test := range tests {
@@ -414,7 +434,7 @@ func TestTypesInfo(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// check that type is correct
 		if got := typ.String(); got != test.typ {
-			t.Errorf("package %s: got %s; want %s", name, got, test.typ)
+			t.Errorf("package %s: expr = %s: got %s; want %s", name, test.expr, got, test.typ)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -551,18 +571,21 @@ type T[P any] []P
 			[]testInst{{`foo`, []string{`int`}, `func(int)`}},
 		},
 
-		// reverse type parameter inference
+		// reverse type inference
 		{`package reverse1a; var f func(int) = g; func g[P any](P) {}`,
 			[]testInst{{`g`, []string{`int`}, `func(int)`}},
 		},
 		{`package reverse1b; func f(func(int)) {}; func g[P any](P) {}; func _() { f(g) }`,
 			[]testInst{{`g`, []string{`int`}, `func(int)`}},
 		},
-		{`package reverse2a; var f func(int) string = g; func g[P, Q any](P) Q { var q Q; return q }`,
+		{`package reverse2a; var f func(int, string) = g; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`,
-			[]testInst{{`g`, []string{`int`, `string`}, `func(int) string`}},
+			[]testInst{{`g`, []string{`int`, `string`}, `func(int, string)`}},
 		},
-		{`package reverse2b; func f(func(int) string) {}; func g[P, Q any](P) Q { var q Q; return q }; func _() { f(g) }`,
+		{`package reverse2b; func f(func(int, string)) {}; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}; func _() { f(g) }`,
-			[]testInst{{`g`, []string{`int`, `string`}, `func(int) string`}},
+			[]testInst{{`g`, []string{`int`, `string`}, `func(int, string)`}},
+		},
+		{`package reverse2c; func f(func(int, string)) {}; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}; func _() { f(g[int]) }`,
+			[]testInst{{`g`, []string{`int`, `string`}, `func(int, string)`}},
 		},
 		// reverse3a not possible (cannot assign to generic function outside of argument passing)
 		{`package reverse3b; func f[R any](func(int) R) {}; func g[P any](P) string { return "" }; func _() { f(g) }`,

src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/builtins.go

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func (check *Checker) builtin(x *operand, call *syntax.CallExpr, id builtinId) (
 			arg(&x, i)
 			alist2 = append(alist2, &x)
 		}
-		check.arguments(call, sig, nil, nil, alist2) // discard result (we know the result type)
+		check.arguments(call, sig, nil, nil, alist2, nil, nil) // discard result (we know the result type)
 		// ok to continue even if check.arguments reported errors
 
 		x.mode = value

src/cmd/compile/internal/types2/call.go

@@ -321,8 +321,8 @@ func (check *Checker) callExpr(x *operand, call *syntax.CallExpr) exprKind {
 	}
 
 	// evaluate arguments
-	args := check.genericExprList(call.ArgList)
+	args, atargs, atxlist := check.genericExprList(call.ArgList)
-	sig = check.arguments(call, sig, targs, xlist, args)
+	sig = check.arguments(call, sig, targs, xlist, args, atargs, atxlist)
 
 	if wasGeneric && sig.TypeParams().Len() == 0 {
 		// update the recorded type of call.Fun to its instantiated type
@@ -358,65 +358,123 @@ func (check *Checker) callExpr(x *operand, call *syntax.CallExpr) exprKind {
 
 // exprList evaluates a list of expressions and returns the corresponding operands.
 // A single-element expression list may evaluate to multiple operands.
-func (check *Checker) exprList(elist []syntax.Expr) []*operand {
+func (check *Checker) exprList(elist []syntax.Expr) (xlist []*operand) {
-	switch len(elist) {
+	if n := len(elist); n == 1 {
-	case 0:
+		xlist, _ = check.multiExpr(elist[0], false)
-		return nil
+	} else if n > 1 {
-
-	case 1:
-		xlist, _ := check.multiExpr(elist[0], false)
-		return xlist
-
-	default:
 		// multiple (possibly invalid) values
-		xlist := make([]*operand, len(elist))
+		xlist = make([]*operand, n)
 		for i, e := range elist {
 			var x operand
 			check.expr(nil, &x, e)
 			xlist[i] = &x
 		}
-		return xlist
 	}
+	return
 }
 
-// genericExprList is like exprList but result operands may be generic (not fully instantiated).
+// genericExprList is like exprList but result operands may be uninstantiated or partially
-func (check *Checker) genericExprList(elist []syntax.Expr) []*operand {
+// instantiated generic functions.
-	switch len(elist) {
+// For each non-generic or uninstantiated generic operand, the corresponding targsList and
-	case 0:
+// xlistList elements do not exist (targsList and xlistList are nil) or the elements are nil.
-		return nil
+// For each partially instantiated generic function operand, the corresponding targsList and
+// xlistList elements are the operand's partial type arguments and type expression lists.
+func (check *Checker) genericExprList(elist []syntax.Expr) (resList []*operand, targsList [][]Type, xlistList [][]syntax.Expr) {
+	if debug {
+		defer func() {
+			// targsList and xlistList must have matching lengths
+			assert(len(targsList) == len(xlistList))
+			// type arguments must only exist for partially instantiated functions
+			for i, x := range resList {
+				if i < len(targsList) {
+					if n := len(targsList[i]); n > 0 {
+						// x must be a partially instantiated function
+						assert(n < x.typ.(*Signature).TypeParams().Len())
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+	}
 
-	case 1:
+	if n := len(elist); n == 1 {
+		// single value (possibly a partially instantiated function), or a multi-valued expression
 		e := elist[0]
 		var x operand
-		check.rawExpr(nil, &x, e, nil, true)
+		if inst, _ := e.(*syntax.IndexExpr); inst != nil && check.indexExpr(&x, inst) {
-		check.exclude(&x, 1<<novalue|1<<builtin|1<<typexpr)
+			// x is a generic function.
-
+			targs, xlist := check.funcInst(nil, x.Pos(), &x, inst, false)
-		if t, ok := x.typ.(*Tuple); ok && x.mode != invalid {
+			if targs != nil {
-			// multiple values - cannot be generic
+				// x was not instantiated: collect the (partial) type arguments.
-			xlist := make([]*operand, t.Len())
+				targsList = [][]Type{targs}
-			for i, v := range t.vars {
+				xlistList = [][]syntax.Expr{xlist}
-				xlist[i] = &operand{mode: value, expr: e, typ: v.typ}
+				// Update x.expr so that we can record the partially instantiated function.
+				x.expr = inst
+			} else {
+				// x was instantiated: we must record it here because we didn't
+				// use the usual expression evaluators.
+				check.record(&x)
+			}
+			resList = []*operand{&x}
+		} else {
+			// x is not a function instantiation (it may still be a generic function).
+			check.rawExpr(nil, &x, e, nil, true)
+			check.exclude(&x, 1<<novalue|1<<builtin|1<<typexpr)
+			if t, ok := x.typ.(*Tuple); ok && x.mode != invalid {
+				// x is a function call returning multiple values; it cannot be generic.
+				resList = make([]*operand, t.Len())
+				for i, v := range t.vars {
+					resList[i] = &operand{mode: value, expr: e, typ: v.typ}
+				}
+			} else {
+				// x is exactly one value (possibly invalid or uninstantiated generic function).
+				resList = []*operand{&x}
 			}
-			return xlist
 		}
-
+	} else if n > 1 {
-		// exactly one (possible invalid or generic) value
+		// multiple values
-		return []*operand{&x}
+		resList = make([]*operand, n)
-
+		targsList = make([][]Type, n)
-	default:
+		xlistList = make([][]syntax.Expr, n)
-		// multiple (possibly invalid) values
-		xlist := make([]*operand, len(elist))
 		for i, e := range elist {
 			var x operand
-			check.genericExpr(&x, e)
+			if inst, _ := e.(*syntax.IndexExpr); inst != nil && check.indexExpr(&x, inst) {
-			xlist[i] = &x
+				// x is a generic function.
+				targs, xlist := check.funcInst(nil, x.Pos(), &x, inst, false)
+				if targs != nil {
+					// x was not instantiated: collect the (partial) type arguments.
+					targsList[i] = targs
+					xlistList[i] = xlist
+					// Update x.expr so that we can record the partially instantiated function.
+					x.expr = inst
+				} else {
+					// x was instantiated: we must record it here because we didn't
+					// use the usual expression evaluators.
+					check.record(&x)
+				}
+			} else {
+				// x is exactly one value (possibly invalid or uninstantiated generic function).
+				check.genericExpr(&x, e)
+			}
+			resList[i] = &x
 		}
-		return xlist
 	}
+
+	return
 }
 
-// xlist is the list of type argument expressions supplied in the source code.
+// arguments type-checks arguments passed to a function call with the given signature.
-func (check *Checker) arguments(call *syntax.CallExpr, sig *Signature, targs []Type, xlist []syntax.Expr, args []*operand) (rsig *Signature) {
+// The function and its arguments may be generic, and possibly partially instantiated.
+// targs and xlist are the function's type arguments (and corresponding expressions).
+// args are the function arguments. If an argument args[i] is a partially instantiated
+// generic function, atargs[i] and atxlist[i] are the corresponding type arguments
+// (and corresponding expressions).
+// If the callee is variadic, arguments adjusts its signature to match the provided
+// arguments. The type parameters and arguments of the callee and all its arguments
+// are used together to infer any missing type arguments, and the callee and argument
+// functions are instantiated as necessary.
+// The result signature is the (possibly adjusted and instantiated) function signature.
+// If an error occured, the result signature is the incoming sig.
+func (check *Checker) arguments(call *syntax.CallExpr, sig *Signature, targs []Type, xlist []syntax.Expr, args []*operand, atargs [][]Type, atxlist [][]syntax.Expr) (rsig *Signature) {
 	rsig = sig
 
 	// Function call argument/parameter count requirements
@@ -516,7 +574,12 @@ func (check *Checker) arguments(call *syntax.CallExpr, sig *Signature, targs []T
 		var tmp Type
 		tparams, tmp = check.renameTParams(call.Pos(), sig.TypeParams().list(), sigParams)
 		sigParams = tmp.(*Tuple)
+		// make sure targs and tparams have the same length
+		for len(targs) < len(tparams) {
+			targs = append(targs, nil)
+		}
 	}
+	assert(len(tparams) == len(targs))
 
 	// collect type parameters from generic function arguments
 	var genericArgs []int // indices of generic function arguments
@@ -533,10 +596,20 @@ func (check *Checker) arguments(call *syntax.CallExpr, sig *Signature, targs []T
 				asig.tparams = &TypeParamList{atparams} // renameTParams doesn't touch associated type parameters
 				arg.typ = asig                          // new type identity for the function argument
 				tparams = append(tparams, atparams...)
+				// add partial list of type arguments, if any
+				if i < len(atargs) {
+					targs = append(targs, atargs[i]...)
+				}
+				// make sure targs and tparams have the same length
+				for len(targs) < len(tparams) {
+					targs = append(targs, nil)
+				}
 				genericArgs = append(genericArgs, i)
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	assert(len(tparams) == len(targs))
+
 	// at the moment we only support implicit instantiations of argument functions
 	_ = len(genericArgs) > 0 && check.verifyVersionf(check.pkg, args[genericArgs[0]], go1_21, "implicitly instantiated function as argument")
 
@@ -574,11 +647,12 @@ func (check *Checker) arguments(call *syntax.CallExpr, sig *Signature, targs []T
 		// compute argument signatures: instantiate if needed
 		j := n
 		for _, i := range genericArgs {
-			asig := args[i].typ.(*Signature)
+			arg := args[i]
+			asig := arg.typ.(*Signature)
 			k := j + asig.TypeParams().Len()
 			// targs[j:k] are the inferred type arguments for asig
-			asig = check.instantiateSignature(call.Pos(), args[i].expr, asig, targs[j:k], nil) // TODO(gri) provide xlist if possible (partial instantiations)
+			arg.typ = check.instantiateSignature(call.Pos(), arg.expr, asig, targs[j:k], nil) // TODO(gri) provide xlist if possible (partial instantiations)
-			args[i].typ = asig
+			check.record(arg)                                                                 // record here because we didn't use the usual expr evaluators
 			j = k
 		}
 	}

src/go/types/api_test.go

@@ -381,6 +381,26 @@ func TestTypesInfo(t *testing.T) {
 		{`package u3c; type _ interface{int | string | ~bool}`, `int | string`, `int | string`},
 		{`package u3c; type _ interface{int | string | ~bool}`, `~bool`, `~bool`},
 		{`package u3c; type _ interface{int | string | ~float64|~bool}`, `int | string | ~float64`, `int | string | ~float64`},
+
+		// reverse type inference
+		{`package r1; var _ func(int) = g; func g[P any](P) {}`, `g`, `func(int)`},
+		{`package r2; var _ func(int) = g[int]; func g[P any](P) {}`, `g`, `func[P any](P)`}, // go.dev/issues/60212
+		{`package r3; var _ func(int) = g[int]; func g[P any](P) {}`, `g[int]`, `func(int)`},
+		{`package r4; var _ func(int, string) = g; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `g`, `func(int, string)`},
+		{`package r5; var _ func(int, string) = g[int]; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `g`, `func[P, Q any](P, Q)`}, // go.dev/issues/60212
+		{`package r6; var _ func(int, string) = g[int]; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `g[int]`, `func(int, string)`},
+
+		{`package s1; func _() { f(g) }; func f(func(int)) {}; func g[P any](P) {}`, `g`, `func(int)`},
+		{`package s2; func _() { f(g[int]) }; func f(func(int)) {}; func g[P any](P) {}`, `g`, `func[P any](P)`}, // go.dev/issues/60212
+		{`package s3; func _() { f(g[int]) }; func f(func(int)) {}; func g[P any](P) {}`, `g[int]`, `func(int)`},
+		{`package s4; func _() { f(g) }; func f(func(int, string)) {}; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `g`, `func(int, string)`},
+		{`package s5; func _() { f(g[int]) }; func f(func(int, string)) {}; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `g`, `func[P, Q any](P, Q)`}, // go.dev/issues/60212
+		{`package s6; func _() { f(g[int]) }; func f(func(int, string)) {}; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `g[int]`, `func(int, string)`},
+
+		{`package s7; func _() { f(g, h) }; func f[P any](func(int, P), func(P, string)) {}; func g[P any](P, P) {}; func h[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `g`, `func(int, int)`},
+		{`package s8; func _() { f(g, h) }; func f[P any](func(int, P), func(P, string)) {}; func g[P any](P, P) {}; func h[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `h`, `func(int, string)`},
+		{`package s9; func _() { f(g, h[int]) }; func f[P any](func(int, P), func(P, string)) {}; func g[P any](P, P) {}; func h[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `h`, `func[P, Q any](P, Q)`}, // go.dev/issues/60212
+		{`package s10; func _() { f(g, h[int]) }; func f[P any](func(int, P), func(P, string)) {}; func g[P any](P, P) {}; func h[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`, `h[int]`, `func(int, string)`},
 	}
 
 	for _, test := range tests {
@@ -414,7 +434,7 @@ func TestTypesInfo(t *testing.T) {
 
 		// check that type is correct
 		if got := typ.String(); got != test.typ {
-			t.Errorf("package %s: got %s; want %s", name, got, test.typ)
+			t.Errorf("package %s: expr = %s: got %s; want %s", name, test.expr, got, test.typ)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -551,18 +571,21 @@ type T[P any] []P
 			[]testInst{{`foo`, []string{`int`}, `func(int)`}},
 		},
 
-		// reverse type parameter inference
+		// reverse type inference
 		{`package reverse1a; var f func(int) = g; func g[P any](P) {}`,
 			[]testInst{{`g`, []string{`int`}, `func(int)`}},
 		},
 		{`package reverse1b; func f(func(int)) {}; func g[P any](P) {}; func _() { f(g) }`,
 			[]testInst{{`g`, []string{`int`}, `func(int)`}},
 		},
-		{`package reverse2a; var f func(int) string = g; func g[P, Q any](P) Q { var q Q; return q }`,
+		{`package reverse2a; var f func(int, string) = g; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}`,
-			[]testInst{{`g`, []string{`int`, `string`}, `func(int) string`}},
+			[]testInst{{`g`, []string{`int`, `string`}, `func(int, string)`}},
 		},
-		{`package reverse2b; func f(func(int) string) {}; func g[P, Q any](P) Q { var q Q; return q }; func _() { f(g) }`,
+		{`package reverse2b; func f(func(int, string)) {}; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}; func _() { f(g) }`,
-			[]testInst{{`g`, []string{`int`, `string`}, `func(int) string`}},
+			[]testInst{{`g`, []string{`int`, `string`}, `func(int, string)`}},
+		},
+		{`package reverse2c; func f(func(int, string)) {}; func g[P, Q any](P, Q) {}; func _() { f(g[int]) }`,
+			[]testInst{{`g`, []string{`int`, `string`}, `func(int, string)`}},
 		},
 		// reverse3a not possible (cannot assign to generic function outside of argument passing)
 		{`package reverse3b; func f[R any](func(int) R) {}; func g[P any](P) string { return "" }; func _() { f(g) }`,

src/go/types/builtins.go

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func (check *Checker) builtin(x *operand, call *ast.CallExpr, id builtinId) (_ b
 			arg(&x, i)
 			alist2 = append(alist2, &x)
 		}
-		check.arguments(call, sig, nil, nil, alist2) // discard result (we know the result type)
+		check.arguments(call, sig, nil, nil, alist2, nil, nil) // discard result (we know the result type)
 		// ok to continue even if check.arguments reported errors
 
 		x.mode = value

src/go/types/call.go

@@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ func (check *Checker) callExpr(x *operand, call *ast.CallExpr) exprKind {
 	}
 
 	// evaluate arguments
-	args := check.genericExprList(call.Args)
+	args, atargs, atxlist := check.genericExprList(call.Args)
-	sig = check.arguments(call, sig, targs, xlist, args)
+	sig = check.arguments(call, sig, targs, xlist, args, atargs, atxlist)
 
 	if wasGeneric && sig.TypeParams().Len() == 0 {
 		// Update the recorded type of call.Fun to its instantiated type.
@@ -363,65 +363,123 @@ func (check *Checker) callExpr(x *operand, call *ast.CallExpr) exprKind {
 
 // exprList evaluates a list of expressions and returns the corresponding operands.
 // A single-element expression list may evaluate to multiple operands.
-func (check *Checker) exprList(elist []ast.Expr) []*operand {
+func (check *Checker) exprList(elist []ast.Expr) (xlist []*operand) {
-	switch len(elist) {
+	if n := len(elist); n == 1 {
-	case 0:
+		xlist, _ = check.multiExpr(elist[0], false)
-		return nil
+	} else if n > 1 {
-
-	case 1:
-		xlist, _ := check.multiExpr(elist[0], false)
-		return xlist
-
-	default:
 		// multiple (possibly invalid) values
-		xlist := make([]*operand, len(elist))
+		xlist = make([]*operand, n)
 		for i, e := range elist {
 			var x operand
 			check.expr(nil, &x, e)
 			xlist[i] = &x
 		}
-		return xlist
 	}
+	return
 }
 
-// genericExprList is like exprList but result operands may be generic (not fully instantiated).
+// genericExprList is like exprList but result operands may be uninstantiated or partially
-func (check *Checker) genericExprList(elist []ast.Expr) []*operand {
+// instantiated generic functions.
-	switch len(elist) {
+// For each non-generic or uninstantiated generic operand, the corresponding targsList and
-	case 0:
+// xlistList elements do not exist (targsList and xlistList are nil) or the elements are nil.
-		return nil
+// For each partially instantiated generic function operand, the corresponding targsList and
+// xlistList elements are the operand's partial type arguments and type expression lists.
+func (check *Checker) genericExprList(elist []ast.Expr) (resList []*operand, targsList [][]Type, xlistList [][]ast.Expr) {
+	if debug {
+		defer func() {
+			// targsList and xlistList must have matching lengths
+			assert(len(targsList) == len(xlistList))
+			// type arguments must only exist for partially instantiated functions
+			for i, x := range resList {
+				if i < len(targsList) {
+					if n := len(targsList[i]); n > 0 {
+						// x must be a partially instantiated function
+						assert(n < x.typ.(*Signature).TypeParams().Len())
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+	}
 
-	case 1:
+	if n := len(elist); n == 1 {
+		// single value (possibly a partially instantiated function), or a multi-valued expression
 		e := elist[0]
 		var x operand
-		check.rawExpr(nil, &x, e, nil, true)
+		if ix := typeparams.UnpackIndexExpr(e); ix != nil && check.indexExpr(&x, ix) {
-		check.exclude(&x, 1<<novalue|1<<builtin|1<<typexpr)
+			// x is a generic function.
-
+			targs, xlist := check.funcInst(nil, x.Pos(), &x, ix, false)
-		if t, ok := x.typ.(*Tuple); ok && x.mode != invalid {
+			if targs != nil {
-			// multiple values - cannot be generic
+				// x was not instantiated: collect the (partial) type arguments.
-			xlist := make([]*operand, t.Len())
+				targsList = [][]Type{targs}
-			for i, v := range t.vars {
+				xlistList = [][]ast.Expr{xlist}
-				xlist[i] = &operand{mode: value, expr: e, typ: v.typ}
+				// Update x.expr so that we can record the partially instantiated function.
+				x.expr = ix.Orig
+			} else {
+				// x was instantiated: we must record it here because we didn't
+				// use the usual expression evaluators.
+				check.record(&x)
+			}
+			resList = []*operand{&x}
+		} else {
+			// x is not a function instantiation (it may still be a generic function).
+			check.rawExpr(nil, &x, e, nil, true)
+			check.exclude(&x, 1<<novalue|1<<builtin|1<<typexpr)
+			if t, ok := x.typ.(*Tuple); ok && x.mode != invalid {
+				// x is a function call returning multiple values; it cannot be generic.
+				resList = make([]*operand, t.Len())
+				for i, v := range t.vars {
+					resList[i] = &operand{mode: value, expr: e, typ: v.typ}
+				}
+			} else {
+				// x is exactly one value (possibly invalid or uninstantiated generic function).
+				resList = []*operand{&x}
 			}
-			return xlist
 		}
-
+	} else if n > 1 {
-		// exactly one (possible invalid or generic) value
+		// multiple values
-		return []*operand{&x}
+		resList = make([]*operand, n)
-
+		targsList = make([][]Type, n)
-	default:
+		xlistList = make([][]ast.Expr, n)
-		// multiple (possibly invalid) values
-		xlist := make([]*operand, len(elist))
 		for i, e := range elist {
 			var x operand
-			check.genericExpr(&x, e)
+			if ix := typeparams.UnpackIndexExpr(e); ix != nil && check.indexExpr(&x, ix) {
-			xlist[i] = &x
+				// x is a generic function.
+				targs, xlist := check.funcInst(nil, x.Pos(), &x, ix, false)
+				if targs != nil {
+					// x was not instantiated: collect the (partial) type arguments.
+					targsList[i] = targs
+					xlistList[i] = xlist
+					// Update x.expr so that we can record the partially instantiated function.
+					x.expr = ix.Orig
+				} else {
+					// x was instantiated: we must record it here because we didn't
+					// use the usual expression evaluators.
+					check.record(&x)
+				}
+			} else {
+				// x is exactly one value (possibly invalid or uninstantiated generic function).
+				check.genericExpr(&x, e)
+			}
+			resList[i] = &x
 		}
-		return xlist
 	}
+
+	return
 }
 
-// xlist is the list of type argument expressions supplied in the source code.
+// arguments type-checks arguments passed to a function call with the given signature.
-func (check *Checker) arguments(call *ast.CallExpr, sig *Signature, targs []Type, xlist []ast.Expr, args []*operand) (rsig *Signature) {
+// The function and its arguments may be generic, and possibly partially instantiated.
+// targs and xlist are the function's type arguments (and corresponding expressions).
+// args are the function arguments. If an argument args[i] is a partially instantiated
+// generic function, atargs[i] and atxlist[i] are the corresponding type arguments
+// (and corresponding expressions).
+// If the callee is variadic, arguments adjusts its signature to match the provided
+// arguments. The type parameters and arguments of the callee and all its arguments
+// are used together to infer any missing type arguments, and the callee and argument
+// functions are instantiated as necessary.
+// The result signature is the (possibly adjusted and instantiated) function signature.
+// If an error occured, the result signature is the incoming sig.
+func (check *Checker) arguments(call *ast.CallExpr, sig *Signature, targs []Type, xlist []ast.Expr, args []*operand, atargs [][]Type, atxlist [][]ast.Expr) (rsig *Signature) {
 	rsig = sig
 
 	// Function call argument/parameter count requirements
@@ -519,7 +577,12 @@ func (check *Checker) arguments(call *ast.CallExpr, sig *Signature, targs []Type
 		var tmp Type
 		tparams, tmp = check.renameTParams(call.Pos(), sig.TypeParams().list(), sigParams)
 		sigParams = tmp.(*Tuple)
+		// make sure targs and tparams have the same length
+		for len(targs) < len(tparams) {
+			targs = append(targs, nil)
+		}
 	}
+	assert(len(tparams) == len(targs))
 
 	// collect type parameters from generic function arguments
 	var genericArgs []int // indices of generic function arguments
@@ -536,10 +599,20 @@ func (check *Checker) arguments(call *ast.CallExpr, sig *Signature, targs []Type
 				asig.tparams = &TypeParamList{atparams} // renameTParams doesn't touch associated type parameters
 				arg.typ = asig                          // new type identity for the function argument
 				tparams = append(tparams, atparams...)
+				// add partial list of type arguments, if any
+				if i < len(atargs) {
+					targs = append(targs, atargs[i]...)
+				}
+				// make sure targs and tparams have the same length
+				for len(targs) < len(tparams) {
+					targs = append(targs, nil)
+				}
 				genericArgs = append(genericArgs, i)
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	assert(len(tparams) == len(targs))
+
 	// at the moment we only support implicit instantiations of argument functions
 	_ = len(genericArgs) > 0 && check.verifyVersionf(check.pkg, args[genericArgs[0]], go1_21, "implicitly instantiated function as argument")
 
@@ -577,11 +650,12 @@ func (check *Checker) arguments(call *ast.CallExpr, sig *Signature, targs []Type
 		// compute argument signatures: instantiate if needed
 		j := n
 		for _, i := range genericArgs {
-			asig := args[i].typ.(*Signature)
+			arg := args[i]
+			asig := arg.typ.(*Signature)
 			k := j + asig.TypeParams().Len()
 			// targs[j:k] are the inferred type arguments for asig
-			asig = check.instantiateSignature(call.Pos(), args[i].expr, asig, targs[j:k], nil) // TODO(gri) provide xlist if possible (partial instantiations)
+			arg.typ = check.instantiateSignature(call.Pos(), arg.expr, asig, targs[j:k], nil) // TODO(gri) provide xlist if possible (partial instantiations)
-			args[i].typ = asig
+			check.record(arg)                                                                 // record here because we didn't use the usual expr evaluators
 			j = k
 		}
 	}

src/internal/types/testdata/examples/inference2.go

@@ -88,3 +88,13 @@ func _() {
 	g5(f6, f7)
 	g6(f1, f1)
 }
+
+// Argument passing of partially instantiated functions
+func h(func(int, string), func(string, int)) {}
+
+func p[P, Q any](P, Q) {}
+
+func _() {
+	h(p, p)
+	h(p[int], p[string])
+}

src/internal/types/testdata/fixedbugs/issue59958.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package p
+
+func f(func(int) string) {}
+
+func g2[P, Q any](P) Q    { var q Q; return q }
+func g3[P, Q, R any](P) R { var r R; return r }
+
+func _() {
+	f(g2)
+	f(g2[int])
+	f(g2[int, string])
+
+	f(g3[int, bool])
+	f(g3[int, bool, string])
+
+	var _ func(int) string = g2
+	var _ func(int) string = g2[int]
+}