go/doc/go1.19.html

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<h2 id="introduction">DRAFT RELEASE NOTES — Introduction to Go 1.19</h2>
<p>
  <strong>
    Go 1.19 is not yet released. These are work-in-progress
    release notes. Go 1.19 is expected to be released in August 2022.
  </strong>
</p>

<h2 id="language">Changes to the language</h2>
<p>
  TODO: complete this section
</p>

<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/52038 -->
  TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/52038">https://go.dev/issue/52038</a>: adjust scope of type parameters declared by method receivers
</p>

<h2 id="ports">Ports</h2>
<p>
  TODO: complete this section, or delete if not needed
</p>

<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
<p>
  TODO: complete this section, or delete if not needed
</p>
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/47528 -->:
  TODO: https://go.dev/issue/47528 warn when errors.As target has type *error
</p>

<h3 id="go-doc">Doc Comments</h3>
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51082 -->
  TODO: complete this section.
</p>

<h3 id="go-command">Go command</h3>
<p>
  TODO: complete this section.
</p>

<!-- https://go.dev/issue/51461 -->
<p>
  The <code>-trimpath</code> flag, if set, is now included in the build settings
  stamped into Go binaries by <code>go</code> <code>build</code>, and can be
  examined using
  <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/cmd/go#hdr-Print_Go_version"><code>go</code> <code>version</code> <code>-m</code></a>
  or <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/runtime/debug#ReadBuildInfo"><code>debug.ReadBuildInfo</code></a>.
</p>
<p>
  <code>go</code> <code>generate</code> now sets the <code>GOROOT</code>
  environment variable explicitly in the generator's environment, so that
  generators can locate the correct <code>GOROOT</code> even if built
  with <code>-trimpath</code>.
</p>

<p><!-- CL 404134 -->
  <code>go</code> <code>test</code> and <code>go</code> <code>generate</code> now place
  <code>GOROOT/bin</code> at the beginning of the <code>PATH</code> used for the
  subprocess, so tests and generators that execute the <code>go</code> command
  will resolve it to same <code>GOROOT</code>.
</p>

<p><!-- CL 398058 -->
  <code>go</code> <code>env</code> now quotes entries that contain spaces in
  the <code>CGO_CFLAGS</code>, <code>CGO_CPPFLAGS</code>, <code>CGO_CXXFLAGS</code>, <code>CGO_FFLAGS</code>, <code>CGO_LDFLAGS</code>,
  and <code>GOGCCFLAGS</code> variables it reports.
</p>


<h4 id="go-unix">New <code>unix</code> build constraint</h4>

<p><!-- CL 389934 --><!-- https://go.dev/issue/20322 --><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51572 -->
  The build constraint <code>unix</code> is now recognized
  in <code>//go:build</code> lines. The constraint is satisfied
  if the target operating system, also known as <code>GOOS</code>, is
  a Unix or Unix-like system. For the 1.19 release it is satisfied
  if <code>GOOS</code> is one of
  <code>aix</code>, <code>android</code>, <code>darwin</code>,
  <code>dragonfly</code>, <code>freebsd</code>, <code>hurd</code>,
  <code>illumos</code>, <code>ios</code>, <code>linux</code>,
  <code>netbsd</code>, <code>openbsd</code>, or <code>solaris</code>.
  In future releases the <code>unix</code> constraint may match
  additional newly supported operating systems.
</p>

<h2 id="runtime">Runtime</h2>

<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/48409 --><!-- CL 397018 -->
  The runtime now includes support for a soft memory limit. This memory limit
  includes all memory mapped and managed by the runtime, and excludes external
  memory sources such as binary size, memory managed in other languages, and
  memory held by the operating system on behalf of the Go program. This limit
  may be managed via the <code>GOMEMLIMIT</code> environment variable or the
  <code>SetMemoryLimit</code> function in the runtime/debug package. The limit
  works in conjunction with <code>GOGC</code> and <code>SetGCPercent</code>,
  and will be respected even if <code>GOGC=off</code>, allowing Go programs to
  always make maximal use of their memory limit, improving resource efficiency
  in some cases. Please note that small memory limits, on the order of tens of
  megabytes or less, are less likely to be adhered to due to external latency
  factors, such as OS scheduling. See https://go.dev/issue/52433 for more
  details. Larger memory limits, on the order of hundreds of megabytes or more,
  are stable and production-ready.
</p>

<p><!-- CL 353989 -->
  In order to limit the effects of GC thrashing when the program's live heap
  size approaches the soft memory limit, the Go runtime also attempts to limit
  total GC CPU utilization to 50%, excluding idle time, choosing to use more
  memory over preventing application progress. In practice, we expect this limit
  to only play a role in exceptional cases, and the new runtime/metrics metric
  <code>/gc/limiter/last-enabled:gc-cycle</code> reports when this last
  occurred.
</p>

<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/44163 -->
  The runtime now schedules many fewer GC worker goroutines on idle operating
  system threads when the application is idle enough to force a periodic GC
  cycle.
</p>

<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/18138 --><!-- CL 345889 -->
  The runtime will now allocate initial goroutine stacks based on the historic
  average stack usage of goroutines. This avoids some of the early stack growth
  and copying needed in the average case in exchange for at most 2x wasted
  space on below-average goroutines.
</p>

<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/46279 --><!-- CL 393354 -->
  On Unix operating systems, Go programs that import package
  <a href="/pkg/os/">os</a> now automatically increase the open file limit
  (<code>RLIMIT_NOFILE</code>) to the maximum allowed value. Programs that need
  a lower limit (for compatibility with <code>select</code>, for example) can
  set the limit back as needed, or lower the hard limit prior to starting the
  Go program.
</p>

<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51485 --><!-- CL 390421 -->
  Unrecoverable fatal errors (such as concurrent map writes, or unlock of
  unlocked mutexes) now print a simpler traceback excluding runtime metadata
  (equivalent to a fatal panic) unless <code>GOTRACEBACK=system</code> or
  <code>crash</code>. Runtime-internal fatal error tracebacks always include
  full metadata regardless of the value of <code>GOTRACEBACK</code>
</p>

<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50614 --><!-- CL 395754 -->
  Support for debugger-injected function calls has been added on ARM64,
  enabling users to call functions from their binary in an interactive
  debugging session when using a debugger that is updated to make use of this
  functionality.
</p>

<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/44853 -->
  TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/44853">https://go.dev/issue/44853</a>: enable address sanitizer in Go
</p>

<h2 id="compiler">Compiler</h2>

<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/5496 --><!-- CL 357330, 395714, 403979 -->
  The compiler now uses
  a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_table">jump
  table</a> to implement large integer and string switch statements.
  Performance improvements for the switch statement vary but can be
  on the order of 20% faster.
  (<code>GOARCH=amd64</code> and <code>GOARCH=arm64</code> only)
</p>
<p><!-- CL 402374 -->
  TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/402374">https://go.dev/cl/402374</a>: enable regabi on riscv64 by default
</p>
<p><!-- CL 391014 -->
  The Go compiler now requires the <code>-p=importpath</code> flag to
  build a linkable object file. This is already supplied by
  the <code>go</code> command and by Bazel. Any other build systems
  that invoke the Go compiler directly will need to make sure they
  pass this flag as well.

<p>
  TODO: complete this section, or delete if not needed
</p>
<h2 id="linker">Linker</h2>
<p>
  TODO: complete this section, or delete if not needed
</p>

<h2 id="library">Core library</h2>

<p>
  TODO: complete this section
</p>

<h3 id="atomic_types">New atomic types</h3>
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50860 --><!-- CL 381317 -->
  The <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/"><code>sync/atomic</code></a> package defines new atomic types
  <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Bool"><code>Bool</code></a>,
  <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Int32"><code>Int32</code></a>,
  <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Int64"><code>Int64</code></a>,
  <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Uint32"><code>Uint32</code></a>,
  <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Uint64"><code>Uint64</code></a>,
  <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Uintptr"><code>Uintptr</code></a>, and
  <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Pointer"><code>Pointer</code></a>.
  These types hide the underlying values so that all accesses are forced to use
  the atomic APIs.
  <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Pointer"><code>Pointer</code></a> also avoids
  the need to convert to
  <a href="/pkg/unsafe/#Pointer"><code>unsafe.Pointer</code></a> at call sites.
  <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Int64"><code>Int64</code></a> and
  <a href="/pkg/sync/atomic/#Uint64"><code>Uint64</code></a> automatically
  receive 64-bit alignment on ARM, 386, and 32-bit MIPS required for 64-bit
  atomics on these systems.
</p>

<h3 id="go/doc/comment">Doc comment parsing</h3>

<p><!-- CL 384265 --><!-- CL 397276 --><!-- CL 397278 --><!-- CL 397279 --><!-- CL 397281 --><!-- CL 397284 -->
  TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/384265">https://go.dev/cl/384265</a>: go/doc: use go/doc/comment; modified api/next/51082.txt
  TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/397276">https://go.dev/cl/397276</a>: go/doc/comment: add data structures; modified api/next/51082.txt
  TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/397278">https://go.dev/cl/397278</a>: go/doc/comment: add paragraph parsing and test framework; modified api/next/51082.txt
  TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/397279">https://go.dev/cl/397279</a>: go/doc/comment: add Printer and basic comment printing; modified api/next/51082.txt
  TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/397281">https://go.dev/cl/397281</a>: go/doc/comment: parse and print doc links; modified api/next/51082.txt
  TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/397284">https://go.dev/cl/397284</a>: go/doc/comment: parse and print headings; modified api/next/51082.txt
</p>

<h3 id="os-exec-path">PATH lookups</h3>

<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/43724 --><!-- CL 381374 --><!-- CL 403274 -->
   TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/43724">https://go.dev/issue/43724</a>: return error when PATH lookup would use current directory
</p>
<p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/43947 -->
   TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/43947">https://go.dev/issue/43947</a>: on Windows use NeedCurrentDirectoryForExePathW for LookPath behavior
</p>


<h3 id="minor_library_changes">Minor changes to the library</h3>
<p>
  As always, there are various minor changes and updates to the library,
  made with the Go 1 <a href="/doc/go1compat">promise of compatibility</a>
  in mind.
</p>
<p>
  TODO: complete this section
</p>

<dl id="archive/zip"><dt><a href="/pkg/archive/zip/">archive/zip</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 387976 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/387976">https://go.dev/cl/387976</a>: permit zip files to have prefixes
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- archive/zip -->

<dl id="crypto/rand"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/rand/">crypto/rand</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 370894 --><!-- CL 390038 -->
      <a href="/pkg/crypto/rand/#Read"><code>Read</code></a> no longer buffers
      random data obtained from the operating system between calls.
    </p>

    <p><!-- CL 375215 -->
      On Plan 9, <code>Read</code> has been reimplemented, replacing the ANSI
      X9.31 algorithm with fast key erasure.
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- crypto/rand -->

<dl id="crypto/tls"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/tls/">crypto/tls</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 400974 --><!-- https://go.dev/issue/45428 -->
      The <code>tls10default</code> <code>GODEBUG</code> option has been
      removed. It is still possible to enable TLS 1.0 client-side by setting
      <a href="/pkg/crypto/tls#Config.MinVersion"><code>Config.MinVersion</code></a>.
    </p>

    <p><!-- CL 384894 -->
      The TLS server and client now reject duplicate extensions in TLS
      handshakes, as required by RFC 5246, Section 7.4.1.4 and RFC 8446, Section
      4.2.
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- crypto/tls -->

<dl id="crypto/x509"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/">crypto/x509</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 285872 -->
      <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#CreateCertificate"><code>CreateCertificate</code></a> 
      no longer supports creating certificates with <code>SignatureAlgorithm</code> 
      set to <code>MD5WithRSA</code>.
    </p>

    <p><!-- CL 400494 -->
      <code>CreateCertificate</code> no longer accepts negative serial numbers.
    </p>

    <p><!-- CL 383215 -->
      <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParseCertificate"><code>ParseCertificate</code></a>
      and <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParseCertificateRequest"><code>ParseCertificateRequest</code></a>
      now reject certificates and CSRs which contain duplicate extensions.
    </p>

    <p><!-- CL 400175 --><!-- CL 388915 -->
      The new <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#CertPool.Clone"><code>CertPool.Clone</code></a>
      and <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#CertPool.Equal"><code>CertPool.Equal</code></a>
      methods allow cloning a <code>CertPool</code> and checking the equality of two
      <code>CertPool</code>s respectively.
    </p>

    <p><!-- CL 390834 -->
      The new function <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParseRevocationList"><code>ParseRevocationList</code></a>
      provides a faster, safer to use CRL parser which returns a
      <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#RevocationList"><code>RevocationList</code></a>.
      To support this addition, <code>RevocationList</code> adds new fields
      <code>RawIssuer</code>, <code>Signature</code>,
      <code>AuthorityKeyId</code>, and <code>Extensions</code>.
      
      The new method <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#RevocationList.CheckSignatureFrom"><code>RevocationList.CheckSignatureFrom</a> 
      checks that the signature on a CRL is a valid signature from a
      <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#Certificate">Certificate</a>.

      With the new CRL functionality, the existing functions
      <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParseCRL"><code>ParseCRL</code></a> and
      <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#ParseDERCRL"><code>ParseDERCRL</code></a> are deprecated.
      Additionally the method <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509#Certificate.CheckCRLSignature"><code>Certificate.CheckCRLSignature</code></a>
      is deprecated.
    </p>

    <p><!-- CL 389555 -->
      When building paths, <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/#Certificate.Verify"><code>Certificate.Verify</code></a>
      now considers certificates to be equal when the subjects, public keys, and SANs 
      are all equal. Before, it required byte-for-byte equality.
    </p>

    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/46057 --><!-- CL 398237 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/46057">https://go.dev/issue/46057</a>: add CertPool.Equal
    </p>

    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50674 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/50674">https://go.dev/issue/50674</a>: add ParseRevocationList, deprecate ParseCRL &amp; ParseDERCRL
    </p>

    <p><!-- CL 390834 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/390834">https://go.dev/cl/390834</a>: crypto/x509: add new CRL parser, deprecate old one; modified api/next/50674.txt
    </p>

    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/35044 --><!-- CL 400175 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/400175">https://go.dev/cl/400175</a>: crypto/x509: add CertPool.Clone; modified api/next/35044.txt
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/35044">https://go.dev/issue/35044</a>: add CertPool.Clone
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- crypto/x509 -->

<dl id="crypto/x509/pkix"><dt><a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/pkix">crypto/x509/pkix</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 390834 -->
      The types <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/pkix#CertificateList"><code>CertificateList</code></a> and
      <a href="/pkg/crypto/x509/pkix#TBSCertificateList"><code>TBSCertificateList</code></a>
      have been deprecated. The new <a href="#crypto/x509"><code>crypto/x509</code></code> CRL functionality</a>
      should be used instead.
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- crypto/x509/pkix -->

<dl id="debug"><dt><a href="/pkg/debug/">debug</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 396735 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/396735">https://go.dev/cl/396735</a>: debug: define ELF relocation for loong64; modified api/next/46229.txt
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- debug -->

<dl id="debug/pe"><dt><a href="/pkg/debug/pe/">debug/pe</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51868 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/51868">https://go.dev/issue/51868</a>: add APIs to support reading COMDAT info for sections
    </p>

    <p><!-- CL 394534 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/394534">https://go.dev/cl/394534</a>: debug/pe: add APIs for reading section def aux info; modified api/next/51868.txt
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- debug/pe -->

<dl id="encoding/binary"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/binary/">encoding/binary</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50601 --><!-- CL 386017 --><!-- CL 389636 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/386017">https://go.dev/cl/386017</a>: add AppendByteOrder
    </p>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51644 --><!-- CL 400176 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/51644">https://go.dev/issue/51644</a>: add AppendUvarint and AppendVarint
    </p>

  </dd>
</dl><!-- encoding/binary -->

<dl id="encoding/csv"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/csv/">encoding/csv</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/43401 --><!-- CL 405675 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/405675">https://go.dev/cl/405675</a>: add Reader.InputOffset method
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- encoding/csv -->

<dl id="encoding/xml"><dt><a href="/pkg/encoding/xml/">encoding/xml</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/45628 --><!-- CL 311270 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/45628">https://go.dev/issue/45628</a>: add Decoder.InputPos
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/311270">https://go.dev/cl/311270</a>: encoding/xml: expose decoder line and column; modified api/next/45628.txt
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- encoding/xml -->

<dl id="flag"><dt><a href="/pkg/flag/">flag</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/45754 --><!-- CL 313329 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/313329">https://go.dev/cl/313329</a>: add TextVar function
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- flag -->

<dl id="fmt"><dt><a href="/pkg/fmt/">fmt</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/47579 --><!-- CL 406177 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/406177">https://go.dev/cl/406177</a>: add Append, Appendln, Appendf
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- fmt -->

<dl id="go/parser"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/parser/">go/parser</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 403696 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/403696">https://go.dev/cl/403696</a>: parser to accept ~x as unary expression
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- go/parser -->

<dl id="go/types"><dt><a href="/pkg/go/types/">go/types</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51682 --><!-- CL 395535 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/395535">https://go.dev/cl/395535</a>: add Var.Origin and Func.Origin
    </p>
    <p><!-- CL 404885 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/404885">https://go.dev/cl/404885</a>: a finite number of types are reachable via Named.Underlying, Named.Method
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- go/types -->


<dl id="hash/maphash"><dt><a href="/pkg/hash/maphash/">hash/maphash</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/42710 --><!-- CL 392494 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/392494">https://go.dev/cl/392494</a>: hash/maphash: add Bytes and String; modified api/next/42710.txt
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/42710">https://go.dev/issue/42710</a>: add Bytes and String
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- hash/maphash -->

<dl id="html/template"><dt><a href="/pkg/html/template/">html/template</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/46121 --><!-- CL 389156 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/46121">https://go.dev/issue/46121</a>: make FuncMap an alias for text/template.FuncMap
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/389156">https://go.dev/cl/389156</a>: html/template: make FuncMap a type alias of text/template.FuncMap; modified api/except.txt, api/next/46121.txt
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- html/template -->

<dl id="image/draw"><dt><a href="/pkg/image/draw/">image/draw</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 396795 -->
      <code>Draw</code> with the <code>Src</code> operator preserves
      non-premultiplied-alpha colors when destination and source images are
      both <code>*image.NRGBA</code> (or both <code>*image.NRGBA64</code>).
      This reverts a behavior change accidentally introduced by a Go 1.18
      library optimization, to match the behavior in Go 1.17 and earlier.
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- image/draw -->

<dl id="io"><dt><a href="/pkg/io/">io</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51566 --><!-- CL 400236 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/400236">https://go.dev/cl/400236</a>: NopCloser forward WriterTo implementations if the reader supports it
    </p>

    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50842 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/50842">https://go.dev/issue/50842</a>: implement WriterTo on result of MultiReader
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- io -->

<dl id="mime"><dt><a href="/pkg/mime/">mime</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 406894 -->
      On Windows only, the mime package now ignores a registry entry
      recording that the extension <code>.js</code> should have MIME
      type <code>text/plain</code>. This is a common unintentional
      misconfiguration on Windows systems. The effect is
      that <code>.js</code> will have the default MIME
      type <code>text/javascript; charset=utf-8</code>.
      Applications that expect <code>text/plain</code> on Windows must
      now explicitly call
      <a href="/pkg/mime#AddExtensionType"><code>AddExtensionType</code></a>.
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl>

<dl id="net"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/">net</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 386016 -->
      The pure Go resolver will now use EDNS(0) to include a suggested
      maximum reply packet length, permitting reply packets to contain
      up to 1232 bytes (the previous maximum was 512).
      In the unlikely event that this causes problems with a local DNS
      resolver, setting the environment variable
      <code>GODEBUG=netdns=cgo</code> to use the cgo-based resolver
      should work.
      Please report any such problems on <a href="/issue/new">the
      issue tracker</a>.
    </p>

    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51428 --><!-- CL 396877 -->
      When a net package function or method returns an "I/O timeout"
      error, the error will now satisfy <code>errors.Is(err,
      context.DeadlineExceeded)</code>.  When a net package function
      returns an "operation was canceled" error, the error will now
      satisfy <code>errors.Is(err, context.Canceled)</code>.
      These changes are intended to make it easier for code to test
      for cases in which a context cancellation or timeout causes a net
      package function or method to return an error, while preserving
      backward compatibility for error messages.
    </p>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/33097 --><!-- CL 400654 -->
      <a href="/pkg/net/#Resolver.PreferGo"><code>Resolver.PreferGo</code></a>
      is now implemented on Windows and Plan 9. It previously only worked on Unix
      platforms. Combined with
      <a href="/pkg/net/#Dialer.Resolver"><code>Dialer.Resolver</code></a> and
      <a href="/pkg/net/#Resolver.Dial"><code>Resolver.Dial</code></a>, it's now
      possible to write portable programs and be in control of all DNS name lookups
      when dialing.
    </p>
    <p>
      The <code>net</code> package now has initial support for the <code>netgo</code>
      build tag on Windows. When used, the package uses the Go DNS client (as used
      by <code>Resolver.PreferGo</code>) instead of asking Windows for
      DNS results. The upstream DNS server it discovers from Windows
      may not yet be correct with complex system network configurations, however.
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- net -->

<dl id="net/http"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/http/">net/http</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 269997 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/269997">https://go.dev/cl/269997</a>: allow sending 1xx responses
    </p>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/30715 --><!-- CL 361397 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/361397">https://go.dev/cl/361397</a>: net/http: add MaxBytesError; modified api/next/30715.txt
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/30715">https://go.dev/issue/30715</a>: add MaxBytesError
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- net/http -->

<dl id="net/url"><dt><a href="/pkg/net/url/">net/url</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/47005 --><!-- CL 374654 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/374654">https://go.dev/cl/374654</a>: add JoinPath, URL.JoinPath
    </p>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/46059 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/46059">https://go.dev/issue/46059</a>: add OmitHost bool to URL
    </p>

  </dd>
</dl><!-- net/url -->

<dl id="os"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/">os</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 392415 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/392415">https://go.dev/cl/392415</a>: raise open file rlimit at startup
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- os -->


<dl id="os/exec"><dt><a href="/pkg/os/exec/">os/exec</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50599 --><!-- CL 401340 -->
      An <code>exec.Cmd</code> with a non-empty <code>Dir</code> and a
      nil <code>Env</code> now implicitly sets the <code>PWD</code> environment
      variable for the subprocess to match <code>Dir</code>.
    </p>
    <p>
      The new method <code>(*exec.Cmd).Environ</code> reports the
      environment that would be used to run the command, including the
      aforementioned <code>PWD</code> variable.
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl> <!-- os/exec -->

<dl id="reflect"><dt><a href="/pkg/reflect/">reflect</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/47066 --><!-- CL 357331 -->
      The method <a href="/pkg/reflect/#Value.Bytes"><code>Value.Bytes</code></a> now accepts addressable arrays in addition to slices.
    </p>
    <p><!-- CL 400954 -->
      The methods <a href="/pkg/reflect/#Value.Len"><code>Value.Len</code></a> and <a href="/pkg/reflect/#Value.Cap"><code>Value.Cap</code></a> now successfully operate on a pointer to an array and return the length of that array, to match what the <a href="https://go.dev/ref/spec#Length_and_capacity">builtin <code>len</code> and <code>cap</code> functions do</a>.
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- reflect -->

<dl id="regexp"><dt><a href="/pkg/regexp/">regexp</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51684 --><!-- CL 401076 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/51684">https://go.dev/issue/51684</a>: add ErrNestingDepth error
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/401076">https://go.dev/cl/401076</a>: regexp: change ErrInvalidDepth message to match proposal; modified api/next/51684.txt, api/next/regexpdepth.txt
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- regexp -->

<dl id="regexp/syntax"><dt><a href="/pkg/regexp/syntax/">regexp/syntax</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 384617 --><!-- CL 401854 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/384617">https://go.dev/cl/384617</a>: regexp/syntax: add and use ErrInvalidDepth; modified api/next/regexpdepth.txt
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/401854">https://go.dev/cl/401854</a>: regexp/syntax: rename ErrInvalidDepth to ErrNestingDepth; modified api/next/51684.txt
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- regexp/syntax -->


<dl id="runtime"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/">runtime</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51461 -->
      The <code>GOROOT</code> function now returns the empty string
      (instead of <code>"go"</code>) when the binary was built with
      the <code>-trimpath</code> flag set and the <code>GOROOT</code>
      variable is not set in the process environment.
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- runtime -->

<dl id="runtime/debug"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/debug/">runtime/debug</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 397018 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/397018">https://go.dev/cl/397018</a>: runtime/debug: export SetMemoryLimit; modified api/next/48409.txt
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- runtime/debug -->

<dl id="runtime/metrics"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/metrics/">runtime/metrics</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/47216 --><!-- CL 404305 -->
    The new <code>/sched/gomaxprocs:threads</code> metric reports the current
    <code>runtime.GOMAXPROCS</code> value.
    </p>

    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/47216 --><!-- CL 404306 -->
    The new <code>/cgo/go-to-c-calls:calls</code> metric reports the total
    number of calls made from Go to C. This metric is identical to the <a
      href="/pkg/runtime/#NumCgoCall"><code>runtime.NumCgoCall</code></a>
    function.
    </p>

    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/48409 --><!-- CL 403614 -->
    The new <code>/gc/limiter/last-enabled:gc-cycle</code> metric reports the
    last GC cycle when the GC CPU limiter was enabled.
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- runtime/metrics -->

<dl id="runtime/pprof"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof/">runtime/pprof</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/33250 --><!-- CL 387415 -->
      Stop-the-world pause times have been significantly reduced when
      collecting goroutine profiles, reducing the overall latency impact to the
      application.
    </p>

    <p><!-- CL 391434 -->
      <code>MaxRSS</code> is now reported in heap profiles for all Unix
      operating systems (it was previously only reported for
      <code>GOOS=android</code>, <code>darwin</code>, <code>ios</code>, and
      <code>linux</code>).
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- runtime/pprof -->

<dl id="runtime/race"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/race/">runtime/race</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/49761 --><!-- CL 333529 -->
      The race detector has been upgraded to use thread sanitizer
      version v3.
      <ul>
        <li>
          Faster (typically 1.5 to 2 times faster)
        </li>
        <li>
          Uses less memory (typically 1/2 as much)
        </li>
        <li>
          Supports unlimited numbers of goroutines
        </li>
      </ul>
    </p>

    <p><!-- CL 336549 -->
      The race detector is now supported on S390.
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- runtime/race -->

<dl id="runtime/trace"><dt><a href="/pkg/runtime/trace/">runtime/trace</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 400795 -->
      When used together with the
      <a href="/pkg/runtime/pprof#StartCPUProfile">CPU profiler</a>, the
      execution trace includes CPU profile samples as instantaneous events.
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- runtime/trace -->

<dl id="sort"><dt><a href="/pkg/sort/">sort</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 371574 -->
      The sorting algorithm has been rewritten to use
      <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.05123.pdf">pattern-defeating quicksort</a>, which
      is faster for several common scenarios.
    </p>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50340 --><!-- CL 396514 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/50340">https://go.dev/issue/50340</a>: add Find
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/396514">https://go.dev/cl/396514</a>: sort: add Find function; modified api/next/50340.txt
    </p>
  </dd>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- sort -->

<dl id="strconv"><dt><a href="/pkg/strconv/">strconv</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- CL 397255 -->
      <a href="/pkg/strconv/#Quote"><code>Quote</code></a>
      and related functions now quote the rune 007F as <code>\x7f</code>,
      not <code>\u007f</code>.
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- strconv -->

<dl id="syscall"><dt><a href="/pkg/syscall/">syscall</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51192 --><!-- CL 385796 -->
      On PowerPC (<code>GOARCH=ppc64</code>, <code>ppc64le</code>),
      <a href="/pkg/syscall/#Syscall"><code>Syscall</code></a>,
      <a href="/pkg/syscall/#Syscall6"><code>Syscall6</code></a>,
      <a href="/pkg/syscall/#RawSyscall"><code>RawSyscall</code></a>, and
      <a href="/pkg/syscall/#RawSyscall6"><code>RawSyscall6</code></a>
      now always return 0 for return value <code>r2</code> instead of an
      undefined value.
    </p>

    <p><!-- CL 391434 -->
      On AIX and Solaris, <code>Getrusage</code> is now defined.
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- syscall -->

<dl id="time"><dt><a href="/pkg/time/">time</a></dt>
  <dd>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/51414 --><!-- CL 393515 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/393515">https://go.dev/cl/393515</a>: add Duration.Abs
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/51414">https://go.dev/issue/51414</a>: add Duration.Abs
    </p>
    <p><!-- https://go.dev/issue/50062 --><!-- CL 405374 -->
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/issue/50062">https://go.dev/issue/50062</a>: add Time.ZoneBounds
      TODO: <a href="https://go.dev/cl/405374">https://go.dev/cl/405374</a>: time: add Time.ZoneBounds; modified api/next/50062.txt
    </p>
  </dd>
</dl><!-- time -->

<!-- Silence these false positives from x/build/cmd/relnote: -->
<!-- CL 382460 -->
<!-- CL 384154 -->
<!-- CL 384554 -->
<!-- CL 392134 -->
<!-- CL 392414 -->
<!-- CL 396215 -->
<!-- CL 403058 -->
<!-- CL 410133 -->
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/27837 -->
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/38340 -->
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/42516 -->
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/45713 -->
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/46654 -->
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/48257 -->
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/50447 -->
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/50720 -->
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/50792 -->
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/51115 -->
<!-- https://go.dev/issue/51447 -->